ENZYMIC DEGRADATION OF WHEAT BRAN TO IMPROVE ITS NUTRITIONAL VALUE FOR MONOGASTRICS

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Neudoerffer ◽  
R. E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Crude Enzyme ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Crude Enzyme Preparation

The enzymic degradation of wheat bran using cellulolytic and proteolytic enzymes from a number of sources was investigated. Two enzyme combinations were found to be effective for the chemical alteration of wheat bran. Crude enzyme preparation from the fungus T. viride in combination with a commercial proteinase brought about a 32% reducing sugar accumulation, a 36% loss of holocellulose, a 40% loss of α-cellulose and a, 54% solubilization of protein. Crude enzyme preparation from the fungus M. verrucaria in combination with a commercial proteinase gave rise to a 27% reducing sugar accumulation, a 39% loss of holocellulose, a 22% loss of α-cellulose and 50% solubilization of protein. The nutritional value for the rat of wheat bran modified by either enzyme combination was significantly improved. Apparent protein digestibility was improved significantly. Preliminary experiments indicate that the modification of wheat bran increases the metabolizable energy.

scholarly journals The nutritional value of raw, autoclaved and dehulled peas (Pisum sativum L.) in chicken diets as affected by enzyme supplementation

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Brenes ◽  
B. A. Rotter ◽  
R. R. Marquardt ◽  
W. Guenter
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Crude Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Different Sources

The effects of added crude enzyme preparations, autoclaving and dehulling on the nutritional value of diets containing a low-tannin (Trapper) and high-tannin (Maple) cultivar of peas (Pisum sativum L.) for chicks were determined in four experiments. The addition of crude enzymes from different sources and at different concentrations to a diet containing 75% of the low-tannin peas did not improve chick performance (exp. 1). Similarly, no improvement in performance was observed when a combination of crude enzymes was added to the diet containing whole or dehulled low-tannin peas, (exp. 2). Autoclaved treatment and enzyme addition to the diet containing the high-tannin Maple peas improved (P < 0.05) the feed-to-gain ratio but not the weight gain (exp. 3). Autoclaving or dehulling improved the apparent metabolizable energy (21 vs. 30%) and apparent protein digestibility (11 vs. 15%) of the high-tannin peas, respectively, in contrast to the low-tannin peas (experiment 4). Dehulling improved the feed-to-gain ratio of chickens fed both cultivars of peas. In conclusion, the results indicate that addition of crude enzymes to diets containing raw or dehulled low-tannin peas do not improve the chick performance but improve the feed efficiency of chicks when fed with the high-tannin peas. Autoclaving and dehulling improved the apparent metabolizable energy and protein digestibility values of high-tannin Maple peas while dehulling improved the feed-to-gain ratio of both cultivars. Key words: Crude enzyme, peas, chick, metabolizable energy, dehulling, autoclaving

Production and Properties of a Bacterial Thermostable Exo-inulinase

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1022-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Uzunova ◽  
Anna Vassileva ◽  
Margarita Kambourova ◽  
Viara Ivanova ◽  
Dimitrina Spasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Batch Cultivation ◽  
Crude Enzyme ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
High Thermostability ◽  
Crude Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Ph Range

Abstract Enzyme production of newly isolated thermophilic inulin-degrading Bacillus sp. 11 strain was studied by batch cultivation in a fermentor. The achieved inulinase and invertase activi­ ties after a short growth time (4.25 h) were similar or higher compared to those reported for other mesophilic aerobic or anaerobic thermophilic bacterial producers and yeasts. The investigated enzyme belonged to the exo-type inulinases and splitted-off inulin, sucrose and raffinose. It could be used at temperatures above 65 °C and pH range 5.5-7.5. The obtained crude enzyme preparation possessed high thermostability. The residual inulinase and inver­ tase activities were 92-98% after pretreatment at 65 °C for 60 min in the presence of substrate inulin.

Feeding value of three categories of pea (Pisum sativum, L.) for poultry

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Grosjean ◽  
B. Barrier-Guillot ◽  
D. Bastianelli ◽  
F. Rudeaux ◽  
A. Bourdillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe nutritional value of different categories of peas was measured in mash or pelleted diets using adult cockerels. Twenty-five round and white-flowered peas (feed peas), 12 round and coloured-flowered peas and five wrinkled and white-flowered peas were used in mash diets. From the same batches, 11 feed peas, five coloured peas and four wrinkled peas were tested in pelleted diets.Mean apparent metabolizable energy (AME) values were 12·02, 11·35 and 10·50 MJ/kg dry matter (DM) for feed peas, coloured peas and wrinkled peas respectively in mash diets and 13·18, 12·72 and 11·63 MJ/kg DM for the same categories in pelleted diets.Mean starch digestibility was 0·905, 0·887 and 0·802 for feed peas, coloured peas and wrinkled peas respectively in mash diets and 0·985, 0·984 and 0·840 for these categories in pelleted diets.Mean protein digestibility was 0·788, 0·643 and 0·798 for feed peas, coloured peas and wrinkled peas respectively in mash diets and corresponding values for peas in pelleted diets were 0·855, 0·743 and 0·853.Pelleting thus had a positive effect on the nutritional value of peas and this improvement was all the more important because the AME and protein digestibility of the pea in mash diets was low.The nutritional value of feed peas for cockerels was not strongly correlated with chemical composition or to digestibility data obtained in the pig.

scholarly journals Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus Strain B-6 Xylanolytic-Cellulolytic Enzyme System That Degrades Insoluble Polysaccharides

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 2483-2490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patthra Pason ◽  
Khin Lay Kyu ◽  
Khanok Ratanakhanokchai
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Crude Enzyme ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzyme ◽  
Crude Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Multienzyme Complexes ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Paenibacillus Curdlanolyticus ◽  
Cellulose Binding

ABSTRACT A facultatively anaerobic bacterium, Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus B-6, isolated from an anaerobic digester produces an extracellular xylanolytic-cellulolytic enzyme system containing xylanase, β-xylosidase, arabinofuranosidase, acetyl esterase, mannanase, carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), avicelase, cellobiohydrolase, β-glucosidase, amylase, and chitinase when grown on xylan under aerobic conditions. During growth on xylan, the bacterial cells were found to adhere to xylan from the early exponential growth phase to the late stationary growth phase. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed the adhesion of cells to xylan. The crude enzyme preparation was found to be capable of binding to insoluble xylan and Avicel. The xylanolytic-cellulolytic enzyme system efficiently hydrolyzed insoluble xylan, Avicel, and corn hulls to soluble sugars that were exclusively xylose and glucose. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of a crude enzyme preparation exhibited at least 17 proteins, and zymograms revealed multiple xylanases and cellulases containing 12 xylanases and 9 CMCases. The cellulose-binding proteins, which are mainly in a multienzyme complex, were isolated from the crude enzyme preparation by affinity purification on cellulose. This showed nine proteins by SDS-PAGE and eight xylanases and six CMCases on zymograms. Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration showed that the cellulose-binding proteins consisted of two multienzyme complexes with molecular masses of 1,450 and 400 kDa. The results indicated that the xylanolytic-cellulolytic enzyme system of this bacterium exists as multienzyme complexes.

Selective preparation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and N,N?-diacetylchitobiose from chitin using a crude enzyme preparation from Aeromonas sp.

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Hee Kuk ◽  
Woo Jin Jung ◽  
Gyung Hyun Jo ◽  
Joon Seob Ahn ◽  
Kil Yong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Crude Enzyme ◽  
Crude Enzyme Preparation

scholarly journals Ferrochelatase activity in the photosynthetic alga Cyanidium caldarium. Development of the enzyme during biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments

1984 ◽  
Vol 220 (3) ◽  
pp. 861-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
S B Brown ◽  
J A Holroyd ◽  
D I Vernon ◽  
O T G Jones
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Crude Enzyme ◽  
Cyanidium Caldarium ◽  
Crude Enzyme Preparation

Dark-grown cells of the photosynthetic alga Cyanidium caldarium were shown to contain ferrochelatase activity, which increased markedly when the cells were induced to form pigments by exposure to light. Km values for the crude enzyme preparation were 14.8 microM and 6.5 microM for binding of Co2+ and deuteroporphyrin IX respectively.

scholarly journals Characterization of a NewProvidenciasp. Strain X1 Producing Multiple Xylanases on Wheat Bran

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhay Raj ◽  
Sharad Kumar ◽  
Sudheer Kumar Singh ◽  
Mahadeo Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Xylan Hydrolysis ◽  
Crude Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Crude Preparation

Providenciasp. strain X1 showing the highest xylanase activity among six bacterial isolates was isolated from saw-dust decomposing site. Strain X1 produced cellulase-free extracellular xylanase, which was higher in wheat bran medium than in xylan medium, when cultivated at pH 8.0 and 35°C. Zymogram analysis of crude preparation of enzymes obtained while growing on wheat bran and birchwood xylan revealed the presence of seven and two distinct xylanases with estimated molecular weight of 33; 35; 40; 48; 60; 75; and 95 kDa and 33 and 44 kDa, respectively. The crude xylanases were produced on wheat bran medium and showed optimum activity at pH 9.0 and 60°C. The thermotolerance studies showed activity retention of 100% and 85% at 40°C and 60°C after 30 min preincubation at pH 9.0. It was tolerant to lignin, ferulic acid, syringic acid, and guaiacol and retained 90% activity after ethanol treatment. The enzyme preparation was also tolerant to methanol and acetone and showed good activity retention in the presence of metal ions such as Fe2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, and Ca2+. The crude enzyme preparation was classified as endoxylanase based on the product pattern of xylan hydrolysis. Pretreatment of kraft pulp with crude xylanases for 3 h at 60°C led to a decrease in kappa number by 28.5%. The properties of present xylanases make them potentially useful for industrial applications.

IN VITRO EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUTED IODOPHENOLS ON CATECHOL-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1779-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D'Iorio ◽  
C. Mavrides
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Crude Enzyme ◽  
Present Series ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Reversible Inhibition ◽  
Crude Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
In Vitro Effects

The kinetic study of a new inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase, 3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (DIHBA), previously reported by the authors (1), shows it to act in a competitive fashion. Instead of the crude enzyme preparation of the early experiments, a partially purified enzyme has been used throughout the present series of experiments and new substances have been tested with respect to their inhibiting effects. Thus, O-methyl-DIHBA is found to be inactive, while 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid (DISA) inhibits competitively and 3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxypyridine (DIHP) noncompetitively as indicated by the Lineweaver and Burk plots.3,5-Diiodo-4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (DIHPA) produces a progressive and partly reversible inhibition, while 3,5-diiodotyrosine (DIT) has no effect on the activity of the enzyme. m-Fluorotyrosine, o-fluorophenol, and o-iodophenol are similarly inactive.

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