STRUCTURAL COMPOSITION OF SHORTHORN BULL TESTES AND DAILY SPERMATOZOA PRODUCTION AS DETERMINED BY QUANTITATIVE TESTICULAR HISTOLOGY

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Swierstra
Keyword(s):  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Primary Spermatocyte ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Structural Composition ◽  
Testis Volume ◽  
Testicular Histology ◽  
Sperm Output ◽  
Daily Sperm Production

The structural composition of the testes, the sperm output, and the daily sperm production were determined in seven 18-month-old Shorthorn bulls. The testicular components classified composed the following percentages of the total testis volume: spermatogonium nuclei,.62%; primary spermatocyte nuclei, 4.57%; secondary spermatocyte nuclei,.16%; spermatid nuclei, 3.52%; spermatozoa,.34%; tubular cytoplasm, 57.79%; lumen, 4.67%; basement membrane, 2.60%; intertubular space, 23.63%; and Sertoli cells, 2.04%. The seminiferous tubules made up 76.4% of the testis volume. It was estimated that the testes contained on the average 1630 m (range 960–2240 m) of seminiferous tubules. The tunica albuginea comprised 12.8% of the testis weight.Three procedures are described for measuring daily sperm production from quantitative testicular histology, and the results obtained with Shorthorn bull testes are presented. The limitations of the three procedures are discussed. It was estimated that 18-month-old Shorthorn bulls produced 5.3 × 109 sperm per day. This represented a production of 16.9 million sperm per gram of testis per day. Within a given species sperm production appears to be primarily a function of testis size. The seven bulls averaged 2.7 × 109 sperm per ejaculate when semen samples were collected every other day with an electroejaculator. This represented about 25% of the sperm production by the testes.

scholarly journals EFEK 2-METHOXYETHANOL TERHADAP STRUKTUR HISTOLOGI TESTIS MENCIT (Mus musculus)

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alifah Hayati ◽  
Binti Yunaida ◽  
I.B. Rai Pidada ◽  
Win Darmanto ◽  
Dwi Winarni
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seminiferous Tubule ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Primary Spermatocyte ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Epithelial Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Testicular Histology ◽  
One Way Anova

This research has done to investigate the effect of 2-Methoxyethanol on the testicular histology of the male mice and also the influence the length of time after administration 2-ME stopped in the recovery of the spermatogenic cells and the diameter also the thicknes of seminiferous tubule. Thirty BALB/C male mice 8–9 week old, weighed 28–30 grams body weight. Those mice separated to 6 groups with 5 male mice each group. Those mice were treated with 2-ME 200 mg/kg body weight daily by intra peritoneal injection, within 3 weeks (K1). To investigate the influence the length of time after administration 2-ME stopped, the male mice after treated by 2-ME in 3 weeks also given by the length of time after 2-ME administration stopped 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks (P1, P2, P3 and P4). The control animal given by intraperitoneal administration of saline. Histological observation was performed on the number of spermatogonium, primary spermatocyte, oval spermatid and the diameter also epithelial thickness of seminiferous tubules. The data were analyzed by One-Sample T-test to investigate the differences between K0 and K1. One Way ANOVA to investigate the influence the length of time after 2-ME administration stopped in the P1, P2, P3 and P4 and then continuing by LSD (Least Significant Difference) to show the differences groups of treatment. The result showed that administration 2-ME could destroy the seminiferous tubules in the testes. Its presented by the decreasing of the number spermatogonium, primary spermatocyte, oval spermatid and diameter also epithelial thickness of seminiferous tubule. The length of time after administration 2-ME stopped could recover seminiferous tubules condition. Its presented by the increasing of the number spermatogonium, primary spermatocyte, oval spermatid, and diameter also epithelial tickness of seminiferous tubules. The conclution of this research were, 2-ME could destroy the testicular histology of the male mice and the length of time after administration 2-ME stopped have linear correlation with seminiferous tubules recovery.

scholarly journals A comparative study of sperm production in two species of Australian arid zone rodents (Pseudomys australis, Notomys alexis) with marked differences in testis size

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
EJ Peirce ◽  
WG Breed
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Seminiferous Epithelium ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Sperm Counts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Daily Sperm Production

The plains rat, Pseudomys australis, and the spinifex hopping mouse, Notomys alexis, show marked differences in the size of their testes and in the number of spermatozoa within the epididymides. In the present study, the dynamics of sperm production and the duration of sperm transit along the male excurrent ducts were compared between these two species. The durations of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium, spermatogenesis and sperm transit were determined by tracking cells using autoradiography after [(3)H]thymidine incorporation. Daily sperm production was determined from counts of testicular spermatids after homogenization and further estimates of sperm transit were obtained by dividing sperm reserves within the various regions of the extratesticular ducts by the daily sperm production of the attached testis. In the plains rat, the mean duration of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium was 11.2 days, the duration of spermatogenesis was 45 days, daily sperm production was 2.6 x 10(7) spermatozoa per gram of testis and epididymal transit of spermatozoa took approximately 9 days (caput 0.8 days; corpus 1.5 days; cauda 6.5 days). In contrast, in the hopping mouse, the mean duration of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium was 14 days, the duration of spermatogenesis was 56 days and daily sperm production per gram of testis was < 1.0 x 10(7). Epididymal transit of spermatozoa was completed in about 4 days (caput + corpus < 1 day; cauda 3 days); however, spermatozoa may be stored for an additional 1.5-2.0 days in the vas deferens. These results indicate that, in addition to small testes, the hopping mouse shows a low efficiency of sperm production, a relatively long duration of spermatogenesis and rapid passage of spermatozoa through the epididymis, all of which contribute to low epididymal sperm counts. These data are considered in relation to interspecific differences in sperm competition.

scholarly journals An Essential Role for Insulin and IGF1 Receptors in Regulating Sertoli Cell Proliferation, Testis Size, and FSH Action in Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 814-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Pitetti ◽  
Pierre Calvel ◽  
Céline Zimmermann ◽  
Béatrice Conne ◽  
Marilena D. Papaioannou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Igf System ◽  
Igf1 Receptor ◽  
Sperm Output ◽  
And Function ◽  
Igf Signaling

Abstract Testis size and sperm production are directly correlated to the total number of adult Sertoli cells (SCs). Although the establishment of an adequate number of SCs is crucial for future male fertility, the identification and characterization of the factors regulating SC survival, proliferation, and maturation remain incomplete. To investigate whether the IGF system is required for germ cell (GC) and SC development and function, we inactivated the insulin receptor (Insr), the IGF1 receptor (Igf1r), or both receptors specifically in the GC lineage or in SCs. Whereas ablation of insulin/IGF signaling appears dispensable for GCs and spermatogenesis, adult testes of mice lacking both Insr and Igf1r in SCs (SC-Insr;Igf1r) displayed a 75% reduction in testis size and daily sperm production as a result of a reduced proliferation rate of immature SCs during the late fetal and early neonatal testicular period. In addition, in vivo analyses revealed that FSH requires the insulin/IGF signaling pathway to mediate its proliferative effects on immature SCs. Collectively, these results emphasize the essential role played by growth factors of the insulin family in regulating the final number of SCs, testis size, and daily sperm output. They also indicate that the insulin/IGF signaling pathway is required for FSH-mediated SC proliferation.

scholarly journals Spermatogenesis: The Commitment to Meiosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Griswold
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Division ◽  
Seminiferous Epithelium ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Daily Sperm Production ◽  
Stem Cell Pool

Mammalian spermatogenesis requires a stem cell pool, a period of amplification of cell numbers, the completion of reduction division to haploid cells (meiosis), and the morphological transformation of the haploid cells into spermatozoa (spermiogenesis). The net result of these processes is the production of massive numbers of spermatozoa over the reproductive lifetime of the animal. One study that utilized homogenization-resistant spermatids as the standard determined that human daily sperm production (dsp) was at 45 million per day per testis (60). For each human that means ∼1,000 sperm are produced per second. A key to this level of gamete production is the organization and architecture of the mammalian testes that results in continuous sperm production. The seemingly complex repetitious relationship of cells termed the “cycle of the seminiferous epithelium” is driven by the continuous commitment of undifferentiated spermatogonia to meiosis and the period of time required to form spermatozoa. This commitment termed the A to A1 transition requires the action of retinoic acid (RA) on the undifferentiated spermatogonia or prospermatogonia. In stages VII to IX of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium, Sertoli cells and germ cells are influenced by pulses of RA. These pulses of RA move along the seminiferous tubules coincident with the spermatogenic wave, presumably undergoing constant synthesis and degradation. The RA pulse then serves as a trigger to commit undifferentiated progenitor cells to the rigidly timed pathway into meiosis and spermatid differentiation.

scholarly journals Disruption of sexual function, FSH secretion, and spermiogenesis in rabbits following developmental exposure to vinclozolin, a fungicide

Reproduction ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
D N R Veeramachaneni ◽  
J S Palmer ◽  
R P Amann ◽  
C M Kane ◽  
T T Higuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Testicular Descent ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Developmental Exposure ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Daily Sperm Production

We studied sequelae of prenatal plus infantile exposure of male rabbits to vinclozolin, because it is ingested by women and children. Female Dutch-Belted rabbits (7–10/group) were treated daily per orum from gestation day 15 through post-natal week 4 to provide 0, 7.2, or 72 mg vinclozolin/kg dam’s body weight/day. Vinclozolin had no effect on maintenance of pregnancy, growth of pups, age at testicular descent or weight of organs. Concentrations of serum LH or testosterone at 6, 12, or 24 weeks of age were unaffected. However, FSH was lower (P< 0.05) in both vinclozolin groups at all three ages. Following injection of GnRH at 12 or 24 weeks, the increase in FSH was less (P< 0.05) in both vinclozolin groups, as was testosterone at 12 weeks of age. After full sexual maturity, 2 of 7 low dose rabbits were uninterested in female or male teasers and never achieved erection or ejaculation. Overall, rates of ejaculation failure were: control 0% (0/48), low dose 29% (12/42), and high dose 5% (3/60). Daily sperm production per gram of testis and total number of sperm per ejaculate in both vinclozolin groups were similar (P> 0.1) to controls. However, semen from vinclozolin rabbits contained over two times more (P< 0.05) morphologically abnormal spermatozoa, mostly nuclear and acrosomal defects, than semen from controls. Seminiferous tubules with degenerative changes were more frequent (P< 0.05) in vinclozolin rabbits than in controls. Lesions included syncytia of spherical spermatids and desquamation of germ cells. Hence, developmental exposure to vinclozolin caused presumably permanent changes in copulatory ability, secretion of FSH, and spermiogenesis.

Histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization of the testes of the dove

Zygote ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma El-Zahraa A. Mustafa ◽  
Ruwaida Elhanbaly
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Primary Spermatocyte ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Ultrastructural Characterization ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Summary Avian testes have been used in the study of germ cell transfer, importantly for understanding the preservation and control of birds. For this purpose, we use light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry to understand the reproductive efficiency of dove testes. The tunica albuginea was thin and septula testes were not observed. The testicular parenchyma was formed mainly of closely packed convoluted seminiferous tubules with little interstitial area. Three types of spermatogonia were distinguished. The primary spermatocyte appeared as the largest spermatogenic cell and was identified at different stages of meiosis. Different morphological stages of the spermatid were categorized. Various cellular associations were described within the seminiferous epithelium. The cytoplasm of Sertoli cells was pale and ill defined due to its close relationship to the germinal epithelium. The spermatid attached to the luminal border of Sertoli cells and germ cells were closely associated. A single layer of myoid cells surrounded the seminiferous tubule. Testicular telocytes of doves were located in the peritubular region and near the blood vessels. Telopods appeared as long cytoplasmic processes arising from the cell body. Leydig cells were distributed singly or in small groups and cords. The intensity of androgen receptor (AR) immunostaining in the testes of the dove was established for the first time and is described in this paper.

scholarly journals Neonatal hypothyroidism does not increase Sertoli cell proliferation in iNOS−/− mice

Reproduction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathália L M Lara ◽  
Luiz R França
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Neonatal Hypothyroidism ◽  
Laboratory Rodents ◽  
Daily Sperm Production

Sertoli cell (SC) proliferation in mice occurs until two weeks after birth and is mainly regulated by FSH and thyroid hormones. Previous studies have shown that transient neonatal hypothyroidism in laboratory rodents is able to extend SC mitotic activity, leading ultimately to higher testis size and daily sperm production (DSP) in adult animals. Moreover, we have shown that due to higher SC proliferation and lower germ cell apoptosis, iNOS deficiency in mice also results in higher testis size and DSP. Although the cell size was smaller, the Leydig cells (LCs) number per testis also significantly increased in iNOS−/−mice. Our aims in the present study were to investigate if the combination of neonatal hypothyroidism and iNOS deficiency promotes additive effects in SC number, testis size and DSP. Hypothyroidism was induced in wild-type (WT) and iNOS−/−mice using 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) through the mother’s drinking water from 0 to 20 days of age, and were sacrificed at adulthood. Our results showed that, in contrast to the WT mice in which testis size, DSP and SC numbers increased significantly by 20, 40 and 70% respectively, after PTU treatment, no additive effects were observed for these parameters in treated iNOS−/−mice, as well as for LC. No alterations were observed in spermatogenesis in any group evaluated. Although we still do not have an explanation for these intriguing findings, we are currently investigating whether thyroid hormones influence iNOS levels and/or counterbalance physiological effects of iNOS deficiency in testis function and spermatogenesis.

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