scholarly journals ALTERATION OF PROTEIN LEVEL IN LAYING RATIONS AT VARIOUS STAGES WITHIN THE LAYING CYCLE AND ITS EFFECT UPON PERFORMANCE OF LAYING HENS

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Protein Diets

An experiment was conducted in which protein level was changed at 84-day intervals throughout the laying year. The diets used contained 11, 15, and 19% protein and these were fed in various sequences during three 84-day periods. All birds received the 15% protein diet in the fourth period. Each of six treatment sequences was imposed upon 160 layers in four replicate pens. The various "step-up" and "step-down" programs had no significant effect upon egg production or feed consumption when compared on a full year basis with a 15% ration fed throughout the year. The 11% protein diet caused a decrease in egg production, egg weight, body weight, and feed consumption in any period in which it was fed but the birds tended to compensate in periods following those in which the low level of protein was fed.There were no differences in performance between the 15 and 19% protein diets and abrupt changes in protein level as such had no adverse effect upon the birds.

EFFECTS OF OCHRATOXIN A ON PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS AND HATCHABILITY OF JAPANESE QUAIL

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. PRIOR ◽  
J. B. O’NEIL ◽  
C. S. SISODIA
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
Production Characteristics

Five experiments testing the response of Japanese quail to graded doses of ochratoxin A (OA) were conducted. Levels in the feed up to 16 ppm had no adverse effect on egg production, egg weight, feed consumption and change in body weight when measured over a 5- or 6-wk period. An examination of these production characteristics on a weekly basis indicated a significant depression (P < 0.05) during the 3rd wk on egg weight at 4, 8 and 16 ppm and on feed consumption and change in body weight at 16 ppm. Fertility and hatchability were greatly reduced in those matings fed 16 ppm. Egg weight of the group receiving 16 ppm was significantly depressed (P < 0.05) during the week following either the introduction or the removal of males. A rapid increase in body weight was observed in the hens receiving 16 ppm when OA was removed from their diet.

SUBSTITUTION OF SORGHUM FOR WHEAT IN DIETS FOR LAYING HENS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. GARDINER ◽  
D. J. MAJOR ◽  
S. DUBETZ
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Single Comb

The effects of substituting various levels of sorghum for wheat in diets for laying hens were studied. Egg production, egg weight, feed consumption, body weight and hatchability of eggs from Single Comb White Leghorn hens were not affected by the proportion of sorghum in the diet. Key words: Sorghum, wheat, nutrition, egg production

Effect of methionine and lysine supplementation of diets for laying hens, on production and feed intake

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
MW McDonald ◽  
IJ Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Egg Weight

Six diets containing five levels of methionine and two of lysme were each fed to 12 Leghorn and 12 Australorp pullets for a period of 16 weeks Body weight changes, egg production, egg weight and feed intake were measured Although responses to the diets did not differ significantly In univariate analyses, multrvarrate analysis lndicated a srgnificant interaction between breeds and diets. Increased methionine produced small, significant Increases In egg weight, although responses were inconsistent at different levels Body weight gains were not significantly different between diets. Egg production and feed consumption were significantly affected by diet?, but the pattern of response was also inconsistent. A discriminate function analysis showed a consistent response to increased methionine, which indicated that the basal diet was deficient and that the pullets required a total of 0 275% methionine in their diet Lysine supplementation produced a 'significant decrease In feed intake but had no significant effect on any other variable.A multiple regression equation relating metabolizable energy intake to the variables measured in the experiment was calculated and compared with others reported In the literature This was used to predict the requirements of the pullets for a number of essential amino acids.

Broiler breeder egg production and quality are affected by timing of increased dietary Ca relative to photostimulation

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-420
Author(s):  
A. Petruk and D. R. Korver
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ash Weight

Ross 508 broiler breeder pullets (n = 400) were reared in floor pens in a light-tight facility with feed allocation based on breeder-recommended body weight targets. At 17 wk, 250 pullets within 15% of the mean weight were randomly assigned to individual cages in one of two environmentally controlled environments: 18°C (exp. 1, n = 125) or 28°C (exp. 2, n = 125). The pullets were photostimulated at 20 wk of age. At 2-wk intervals from 18 to 26 wk, successive groups of hens (n = 25 per environment) were switched from a 0.88% Ca grower diet to a 2.96% Ca breeder diet. Dietary treatment names were based on the time (in weeks) relative to photostimulation that the diet was changed from the grower to the breeder diet (PS – 2, PS, PS + 2, PS+4, and PS + 6, respectively). The hens were killed at 31 wk of age and one leg from each hen was taken for bone mineral analysis. The birds in both experiments maintained target body weights as recommended by the primary breeder; however, the hens in exp. 2 did not consume the allotted feed for the final 2 wk of the experiment. Dietary treatment did not affect feed consumption or body weight. Overall percent hen day production was not affected by dietary treatment in either experiment. In exp. 1, hens in the PS + 4 and PS + 6 treatments produced larger eggs and hens in the PS + 4 treatment produced eggs with greater shell weights. Shell weight as a percentage of egg weight was significantly lower from the PS + 6 hens than the other dietary treatment groups. The PS + 4 treatment resulted in the highest bone Ca as a percentage of ash weight, indicating that changing the diet 4 wk after photostimulation was the optimal time to increase bone Ca reserves in that environment. In exp. 2, the PS + 6 treatment had the highest egg weight whereas birds in the PS and PS + 2 treatment groups had the highest shell weights. Percent shell was the lowest in the PS + 6 and PS + 4 treatment groups overall, although it was only significantly different until 27.4 wk of age. Ca as a percentage of bone weight was lowest in the PS + 2 and PS + 6 treatment groups and Ca as a percentage of ash was lowest in the PS + 2 treatment group. Overall, the results suggest that improper timing of increasing dietary Ca either before or too long after photostimulation decreased eggshell quality and bone characteristics. Elevated environmental temperature appeared to exacerbate these effects; therefore, the change from a low-Ca grower to a high-Ca breeder diet must be made with greater precision in hot climates. Key words: Broiler breeder, photostimulation, dietary calcium, calcium metabolism, heat stress

THE EFFECT OF PHASE-FEEDING ON EGG PRODUCTION AND EGG QUALITY OF WINTER-HOUSED WHITE LEGHORN HENS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. CAVE ◽  
R. M. G. HAMILTON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Variable Effect

Two experiments with nine strains of Single Comb White Leghorn hens were conducted to compare laying house performance of hens given a diet of uniform protein content or a phase-feeding diet in which protein content was reduced from 156 to 148 and then to 140 g/kg at 273 and 414, or 273 and 384 days of age. Performance criteria were egg production, feed and protein intake, egg, quality, egg weight, mortality and body weight. Phase-feeding allowed reductions of 4.2 and 4.3% in protein consumption without reducing egg production, mortality or, except in one strain, body weight. There was an increase of 0.5% in feed consumption, but feed cost was reduced by 1.3%. Phase-feeding increased Haugh units by 0.3% and decreased specific gravity of eggs in one experiment, decreased percent visibly-cracked eggs in the other experiment and had no effect on percent blood spots. Depending on strain, phase-feeding had a variable effect on egg weight in exp. 1 but had no effect in the second experiment. Key words: Phase-feeding, protein utilization, egg production, hen

EVALUATION OF HULLESS BARLEY AS REPLACEMENT FOR WHEAT OR CONVENTIONAL BARLEY IN LAYING HEN DIETS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1261-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. CLASSEN ◽  
G. L. CAMPBELL ◽  
B. G. ROSSNAGEL ◽  
R. S. BHATTY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Inclusion Level

Hulless barley (var. Scout) was evaluated as a potential feedstuff for laying hens in two experiments. In exp. 1 hulless barley was substituted for wheat at four dietary levels (20, 40, 60 or 80%) and in exp. 2 hulless or conventional barley was substituted for wheat at two dietary levels (35.7 or 71.4%). Increasing dietary hulless barley had no effect on egg production or body weight in exp. 1 while feed consumption and feed conversion were significantly lower and egg weight and specific gravity significantly higher. In exp. 2, addition of hulless barley increased hen-day production and decreased egg specific gravity in comparison to hens fed a wheat diet. At the 35.7% dietary inclusion level, hulless barley resulted in more eggs with higher specific gravity than for hens fed conventional barley. Hens fed 71.4% hulless barley were heavier and produced larger eggs than hens fed the same level of conventional barley. It may be concluded that hulless barley was at least equivalent to wheat and surpassed conventional barley as a cereal grain for laying hens. Key words: Laying hens, hulless barley, barley

scholarly journals Comparative performances of hilly chicken and naked neck hilly chicken at Naikhongchari hilly areas of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-351
Author(s):  
Md Azharul Islam Talukder ◽  
Md Ashadul Alam ◽  
Md Moklesur Rahman ◽  
Md Abu Hemayet ◽  
Md Asadul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Naked Neck ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Body Weights

A total of 115 hilly chickens (92 female and 23 males) and 35 naked neck hilly Chickens (28 females and 7 males) were reared in open sided poultry house for 10 months period to compare their productive and reproductive performances. The mean body weights of adult female and male hilly birds and naked neck hilly birds were 2244, 2005 and 2664, 2576 g respectively. The age at first egg of both type of birds were 147 and 159 days respectively and hen-day egg production were 27±1.4 and 35±3.3 respectively. The average egg weight was 41±4 and 38±3.6 g respectively. Both type of bird per day average feed consumption were 97.61±11 and 102±22 g and mortality were 15.56±3.7 and 11.42±2.7 percent respectively. The average hatchability percentage performed by 14 broody hens reared on litter floor was 67.5±10 and 57±22 percent respectively. The average hatching egg weight and chick weight were 47.28±3, 41.48±1 and 31.4±3, 29.6±4 g respectively. The body weight of growing hilly bird and Naked Neck hilly bird after eleven weeks of age were 727.3±17.4 and 645±97.6g, respectively and Feed conversion ratios (FCR) were 3.39 and 3.34 respectively. It was concluded that Hilly chicken improved by body weight than previous year and both feathered and Naked Neck Hilly chicken given an indication of meat type native chicken and required to reproduce to have large stock for undertaking conservation and further improvement programme.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 348-351

Effects of feed restriction during the laying period on the performance of two strains of mature caged commercial layers in the humid tropics

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Benyi ◽  
O. Akinokun ◽  
S. H. B. Lebbie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dressing Percentage

SUMMARYTwo strains of commercial layers, 42 weeks old, were fed ad libitum, 85 and 70% of ad libitum for five 28-day periods to study the effects of feed restriction on body weight, carcass characteristics, laying performance and mortality. There were highly significant strain effects on all traits (P < 0·01) except dressing percentage. Period differences were also observed for egg production, egg weight and feed efficiency. In addition, in all cases the relationship between period and these traits was non-linear and was affected by strain or treatment.Feed restriction had significant effects (P < 0·01) on all traits except dressing percentage and mortality. Feed restriction to 70% of ad libitum reduced egg production, egg weight, body weight and feed consumption and improved feed efficiency. However, in most cases there was no difference between ad libitum feeding and 15% feed restriction.Strain × treatment interaction had significant effects on egg production and feed efficiency.

scholarly journals Divergent selection towards body weight and betaine supplementation on quails performance in tropical environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 05017
Author(s):  
Adi Ratriyanto ◽  
Nuzul Widyas ◽  
Sigit Prastowo ◽  
Dafa Feron Andrianto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
Betaine Supplementation

Initial body weight may affect animal performance. This study investigated the effect of divergent selection based on body weight and betaine supplementation on performance of quails in the tropical environment. In total, 900 7-day-old female Japanese quails were divided into 30 cages of 30 birds in a 3×2 factorial design. The first factor was body weight (Random, High, and Low), and the second factor was betaine supplementation (0% and 0.14%), resulting in 6 treatments. Performance data were collected for 2 periods of 28 days during the laying phase. The variables observed included feed consumption, egg production, egg weight, and feed conversion. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and continued with Duncan’s Test for significant results. The results showed that there was no interaction between body weight and betaine supplementation on quails’ performance. Random body weight produced more eggs and the highest feed efficiency than Low body weight (P<0.05), although the result did not differ from High body weight. Betaine supplementation enhanced egg weight (P<0.05) than the non-supplemented group but did not affect other variables. It is concluded that Random and High weight and betaine supplementation can be applied to optimize the performance of quails in a tropical environment.

scholarly journals Severe protein deficiency induces hepatic expression and systemic level of FGF21 but inhibits its hypothalamic expression in growing rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Moro ◽  
Catherine Chaumontet ◽  
Patrick C. Even ◽  
Anne Blais ◽  
Julien Piedcoq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

AbstractTo study, in young growing rats, the consequences of different levels of dietary protein deficiency on food intake, body weight, body composition, and energy balance and to assess the role of FGF21 in the adaptation to a low protein diet. Thirty-six weanling rats were fed diets containing 3%, 5%, 8%, 12%, 15% and 20% protein for three weeks. Body weight, food intake, energy expenditure and metabolic parameters were followed throughout this period. The very low-protein diets (3% and 5%) induced a large decrease in body weight gain and an increase in energy intake relative to body mass. No gain in fat mass was observed because energy expenditure increased in proportion to energy intake. As expected, Fgf21 expression in the liver and plasma FGF21 increased with low-protein diets, but Fgf21 expression in the hypothalamus decreased. Under low protein diets (3% and 5%), the increase in liver Fgf21 and the decrease of Fgf21 in the hypothalamus induced an increase in energy expenditure and the decrease in the satiety signal responsible for hyperphagia. Our results highlight that when dietary protein decreases below 8%, the liver detects the low protein diet and responds by activating synthesis and secretion of FGF21 in order to activate an endocrine signal that induces metabolic adaptation. The hypothalamus, in comparison, responds to protein deficiency when dietary protein decreases below 5%.

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