SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN B12 AND REPRODUCTION IN SWINE

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Frederick ◽  
G. J. Brisson
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Relationship

Six female swine were maintained during one or more gestations on a vitamin B12-deficient diet. Two that had been fed the deficient diet for more than 2 years prior to their first gestation aborted. Four that received the deficient diet for 7 months prior to their first gestation farrowed a total of 8 litters containing 68 live piglets; 27 died within 3 days. All piglets fed a synthetic milk diet, deficient in vitamin B12, died within 14 days.Five adult females fed the deficient diet supplemented with 400 μg. of vitamin B12 per animal per day farrowed a total of 8 litters containing 83 live piglets; none died within 3 days. Of 14 piglets fed a vitamin B12-deficient synthetic milk diet, 2 died within 14 days.The different dietary vitamin B12 intakes of the adults influenced the serum vitamin B12 levels of the adults and of their offspring.Piglets fed vitamin B12 gained more, but feed conversion was not influenced by the vitamin B12 dietary intake of the piglets or by the intake of their dams during gestation.It is concluded that vitamin B12 influences swine reproduction and neonatal survival.

LEVELS OF VITAMIN C IN CHAIN SMOKERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simerpreet Kukreja
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Vitamin

Introduction: Cigarette smoking induces many chronic illnesses, but in developed countries it is a preventable risk factor. However, by increasing the protective protection mechanism, it may be possible to alleviate the smoke-induced damage. As smoking risk is minimised by vitamin C intake, it is recommended that smokers should take more vitamin C. This inverse correlation between both vitamin C intake and serum levels and smoking was independent of age, sex, body weight, ethnicity, and consumption of alcoholic beverages. The negative association between cigarette smoking and serum vitamin C levels continued, following further adjustment for dietary vitamin C intake. The risk of severe hypovitaminosis C, especially when not accompanied by vitamin supplementation, has been increased in smokers. These data indicate that the inverse relationship between smoking and serum vitamin C levels exists independently of dietary intake, while smoking adversely affects preferences for vitamin C rich foods. Methods: A survey method was performed, with 50 smokers (S) receiving either 500 mg of vitamin C or placebo (P) daily for 4 weeks, and 50 non-smokers receiving vitamin C without supplementation. All finished the hearing. Both groups were equal and C: 14.2 + /- 1.8 pack-years was the amount of cigarettes smoked. Concentrations of plasma vitamin C increased significantly (p < 0.005) only in the vitamin C supplement community.  Results: At SMHRC Hospital Nagpur, we examined the relationship between smoking and vitamin C status, dietary and serum vitamin C levels of 100 participants. Smokers of 20 cigarettes a day had the lowest dietary intake of vitamin C and serum levels, whereas smokers of 1-19 cigarettes a day had lower intake of vitamin C and serum levels (compared to respondents who had never smoked. This inverse correlation between vitamin C and smoking intake and serum levels was independent of age, sex, body weight, race, and consumption of alcoholic beverages. The negative association between cigarette smoking and serum vitamin C levels continued, following further adjustment for dietary vitamin C intake. In smokers, the risk of severe hypo-vitaminosis C, particularly when not accompanied by vitamin supplementation, has increased. Conclusion: These data indicate that the inverse relationship between smoking and serum vitamin C levels exists independently of dietary intake, while smoking adversely affects preferences for vitamin C rich foods. A balanced diet for smokers will obtain a hearty recommendation at this time, but guidelines should remain cautious about high-dose nutrition supplements. Keywords: Chain Smoker, Vitamin C, hypo-vitaminosis C and cigarette.

VITAMIN B12 AND FOLIC ACID VALUES IN PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-589
Author(s):  
Ambadas Pathak ◽  
Herman A. Godwin ◽  
Luis M. Prudent
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Born Infant ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12 ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of serum vitamin B12 and folic acid was studied in 24 premature infants. In 14 of the 24, low serum vitamin B12 values were found around 40 days of age. Serum folic acid concentrations were less frequently depressed and were usually associated with normal red cell folate values. No correlation between hematocrits and vitamin B12 or folate levels was found. It is suggested that low concentrations of serum folate and vitamin B12 result from low dietary intake coupled with increased demand by the prematurely born infant.

scholarly journals Dietary intake of vitamin B6 and concentration of vitamin B6 in blood samples of German vegans

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Waldmann ◽  
B Dörr ◽  
JW Koschizke ◽  
C Leitzmann ◽  
A Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
High Bioavailability

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to evaluate the dietary vitamin B6 intake and determine the vitamin B6 concentration in blood samples of German vegans.Design and settingCross-sectional study with 33 examination sites all over Germany.SubjectsNinety-three vegans (50 females) with a mean (±standard deviation (SD)) age of 43.7 ± 15.7 years who took no vitamin supplements.MethodsDietary intake was assed using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activity coefficient (EAST-AC) was calculated as the ratio of stimulated (pyridoxal 5'-phosphate added) to unstimulated activity in blood samples that were provided after an overnight fast.ResultsMean ± SD vitamin B6 intake was 2.83 ± 0.98 mg day−1 and mean ± SD protein intake was 56.6 ± 21.7 g day−1. Of the participants 4% showed vitamin B6 intakes lower than daily recommended intakes for Germany, 16% showed EAST-AC > 1.85, and a further 58% showed EAST-AC of 1.5–1-85. Moderate vegans were affected to a lesser extent than strict vegans. None of the established confounders was a significant predictor of EAST-AC. In logistic regression analyses the contribution of nutriments and cereals to pyridoxine intake was the only predictor of EAST-AC classified as < 1.85 and ≥ 1.85, respectively.ConclusionsIn spite of the high total intake of vitamin B6, an adequate concentration in blood samples could not be realised for a majority of the participants. Due to the health implications of a marginal pyridoxine status, vegans should be encouraged to include foods with a high bioavailability of pyridoxine, such as beans, lentils and bananas, in the daily diet.

scholarly journals Improved testing for vitamin B12 deficiency: correcting MMA for eGFR reduces the number of patients classified as vitamin B12 deficient

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia LM van Loon ◽  
Anna M Wilbik ◽  
Uzay Kaymak ◽  
Edwin R van den Heuvel ◽  
Volkher Scharnhorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Methylmalonic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Data Mining Approach ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Background Methylmalonic acid (MMA) can detect functional vitamin B12 deficiencies as it accumulates early when intracellular deficits arise. However, impaired clearance of MMA from blood due to decreased glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) also results in elevated plasma MMA concentrations. Alternative to clinical trials, a data mining approach was chosen to quantify and compensate for the effect of decreased eGFR on MMA concentration. Methods Comprehensive data on patient’s vitamin B12, eGFR and MMA concentrations were collected ( n = 2906). The relationship between vitamin B12, renal function (eGFR) and MMA was modelled using weighted multiple linear regression. The obtained model was used to estimate the influence of decreased eGFR on MMA. Clinical impact was examined by comparing the number of patients labelled vitamin B12 deficient with and without adjustment in MMA. Results Adjusting measured MMA concentrations for eGFR in the group of patients with low-normal vitamin B12 concentrations (90–300 pmol/L) showed that the use of unadjusted MMA concentrations overestimates vitamin B12 deficiency by 40%. Conclusions Through a data mining approach, the influence of eGFR on the relation between MMA and vitamin B12 can be quantified and used to correct the measured MMA concentration for decreased eGFR. Especially in the elderly, eGFR-based correction of MMA may prevent over-diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency and corresponding treatment.

scholarly journals The experimental production of vitamin B12 deficiency in the baboon (Papio cynocephalus). A 2-year study

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C Siddons
Keyword(s):  
Methylmalonic Acid ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Papio Cynocephalus ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Liver Vitamin

1. The development of vitamin B12 deficiency, as indicated by the serum and liver vitamin B12 levels and the excretion of methylmalonic acid, was studied over a 2-year period in baboons (Papio cynocephalus) given a diet deficient in vitamin B12. The effects of partial hepatectomy and the inclusion of either ampicillin or sodium propionate in the diet on the rate of development of the deficiency were also studied.2. The baboons had previously been fed on a mainly vegetarian diet. Their serum vitamin B12 levels were less than 100 ng/l and the mean liver vitamin B12 concentration was 0·56 μ/g. Similar serum and liver vitamin B12 levels were found in baboons given a purified diet supplemented with 1 μg vitamin B12/d, and marked increases in the serum and liver vitamin B12 levels occurred when the daily intake was increased to 2 μg.3. The serum vitamin B12 levels decreased to less than 20 ng/l in all baboons given a vitamin B12-deficient diet.4. The liver vitamin B12 concentration also decreased in all baboons given a deficient diet. At 9 months the lowest levels (0·20 μ/g) were found in partially hepatectomized baboons but subsequently baboons given the diet containing ampicillin had the lowest levels (0·11 μ/g).5. The excretion of methylmalonic acid after a valine load was found to be inversely related to the liver vitamin B12 concentration. In the early part of the study, partially hepatectomized baboons excreted the highest amount but subsequently baboons given a diet containing ampicillin excreted the highest amount.6. Increased formiminoglutamic acid excretion after a histidine load was observed in two baboons given a vitamin B12-deficient diet and in both baboons the liver folic acid concentration was low.7. No haematological or neurological symptoms of the vitamin B12 deficiency were observed.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake and Status of Vitamin B12 in Slovenian Population

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Živa Lavriša ◽  
Hristo Hristov ◽  
Maša Hribar ◽  
Katja Žmitek ◽  
Anita Kušar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
Daily Vitamin ◽  
B12 Deficiency

Vitamin B12 deficiency poses a health concern, especially in vulnerable populations. Dietary vitamin B12 intake was obtained by two 24 h dietary recalls and food propensity questionnaires in a representative Slovenian cross-sectional food consumption survey, SI.Menu (n = 1248 subjects; 10–74 years). For a subgroup of 280 participants, data on serum vitamin B12 were available through the Nutrihealth study. The estimated usual population-weighted mean daily vitamin B12 intakes were 6.2 µg (adults), 5.4. µg (adolescents), and 5.0 µg (elderly). Lower intakes were observed in females. Inadequate daily vitamin B12 intake (<4 µg) was detected in 37.3% of adolescents, 31.7% of adults, and 58.3% elderlies. The significant predictors for inadequate daily vitamin B12 intake were physical activity score in all age groups, sex in adolescents and adults, financial status and smoking in elderly, and employment in adults. Meat (products), followed by milk (products), made the highest vitamin B12 contribution in all age groups. In adolescents, another important vitamin B12 contributor was cereals. The mean population-weighted serum vitamin B12 levels were 322.1 pmol/L (adults) and 287.3 pmol/L (elderly). Low serum vitamin B12 concentration (<148 nmol/L) and high serum homocysteine (>15 µmol/L) were used as criteria for vitamin B12 deficiency. The highest deficiency prevalence was found in elderlies (7.0%), particularly in males (7.9%). Factors associated with high serum homocysteine were also investigated. In conclusion, although vitamin B12 status was generally not critical, additional attention should be focused particularly to the elderly.

scholarly journals Vitamin B12 nutrition and metabolism in the baboon (Papio cynocephalus)

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Siddons ◽  
Fredericka Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Papio Cynocephalus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liver Vitamin

1. Measurement of the vitamin B12 content of baboon tissues showed that the liver contained the highest concentration, followed by the pituitary, kidney, heart, spleen and pancreas.2. The dietary vitamin B12 requirement of the baboon for the maintenance of satisfactory body stores was between 1 and 2 μg/d.3. Satisfactory liver vitamin B12 stores were invariably associated with serum levels above 125 pg/ml, whereas liver levels were usually low when the serum level was below 50 pg/ml.4. Increased methylmalonic acid (MMA) excretion after a valine load occurred when the liver vitamin B12 level was less than 0·40 μg/g. L- and DL-valine were approximately equally effective as precursors of MMA, whereas sodium propionate, whether given orally or intra-peritoneally, was less effective.5. The distribution of radioactivity along the wall of the intestinal tract after an oral dose of [57Co]cyanocobalamin suggested that the distal half of the small intestine was the main site of vitamin B12 absorption. However, the utilization of vitamin B12 put direct into the middle part of the small intestine was much lower than that of an oral dose.6. The unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacity of baboon serum was not related to the serum vitamin B12 level. There was a significant difference between the unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacities of the two subspecies of baboon (Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus and P. cynocephalus anubis) studied.

Associations between dietary intake of B-vitamins and psychological disorders among Iranian women: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hadis Mozaffari ◽  
Manije Darooghegi Mofrad ◽  
Pamela J Surkan ◽  
Mohammadreza Askari ◽  
Leila Azadbakht
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objective: B-vitamins affect brain function through multiple pathways. Given limited evidence on the relationship between dietary intake of these vitamins and psychological disorders, we examined dietary intake of vitamin B6-9-12 in relation to psychological disorders among Iranian women. Design: Cross-sectional study. Dietary intake was assessed using a valid and reliable FFQ. To assess psychological disorders, we used a version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 validated in Iran. Setting: Ten public health centres in southern Tehran, Iran. Participants: A total of 447 female participants aged 20–50 years. Results: The median values of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), B9 (folate) and B12 (cobalamin) were 1·30 mg/d, 313·89 µg/d and 3·99 µg/d, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, dietary vitamin B6 intake was associated with lower odds of depression (OR: 0·54; 95 % CI: 0·31, 0·95; Ptrend: 0·03). However, there was a positive association between dietary vitamin B12 intake with the odds of depression (OR: 2·05; 95 % CI: 1·17, 3·60; Ptrend: 0·01) and psychological distress (OR: 2·00; 95 % CI: 1·17, 3·41; Ptrend: 0·01). No association was found between vitamin B9 with any psychological disorders. Conclusions: Women with higher dietary intakes of vitamin B6 had lower likelihood of depression. However, women with higher dietary intake of vitamin B12 had higher odds of depression and psychological distress. Future prospective studies in different populations are needed to clarify whether B-vitamin deficiency is a cause or consequence of psychological disorders.

Vitamin B12 Deficiency Associated with Histamine2-Receptor Antagonists and a Proton-Pump Inhibitor

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Mark Ruscin ◽  
Robert Lee Page ◽  
Robert J Valuck
Keyword(s):  
Proton Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Receptor Antagonists

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of vitamin B12 deficiency associated with long-term use (∼4½ y) of histamine2 (H2)-receptor antagonists and a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) in a patient with gastroesophageal reflux. CASE SUMMARY: A 78-year-old nonvegetarian white woman with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux (GER) was started on cimetidine 300 mg 4 × daily in February 1990 and took various other antisecretory medications over the course of the next 4½ years. She had a normal serum vitamin B12 concentration of 413 pg/mL in August 1992. In June 1994, her serum vitamin B12 concentration was found to be in the low normal range at 256 pg/mL. Biochemical markers of vitamin B12–dependent enzyme activity were measured at that time, and methylmalonic acid (MMA) and homocysteine (HCYS) were elevated at 757 nmol/L and 27.3 μmol/L, respectively. Serum folate was within the normal range at 4.9 ng/mL, and serum creatinine was slightly elevated at 1.4 mg/dL. MMA and HCYS concentrations decreased dramatically with oral replacement of vitamin B12 1000 μg/d, which confirmed vitamin B12 deficiency. Oral replacement also demonstrated that the woman was able to adequately absorb nonprotein—bound vitamin B12 from the gastrointestinal tract, suggesting that her deficiency was a result of food—cobalamin malabsorption. The accumulation of MMA and HCYS was not a consequence of renal dysfunction, since both metabolites dramatically decreased with vitamin B12 replacement. DISCUSSION: Malabsorption of dietary protein-bound vitamin B12 has been demonstrated with the use of H2-receptor antagonists and PPIs. One previous case report of vitamin B12 deficiency resulting from long-term use of omeprazole has been published. The malabsorption of dietary vitamin B12 is thought to be a result of its impaired release from food protein, which requires gastric acid and pepsin as the initial step in the absorption process. CONCLUSIONS: The use of H2-receptor antagonists and/or PPIs may impair the absorption of protein-bound dietary vitamin B12 and could contribute to the development of vitamin B12 deficiency with prolonged use. Patients taking these medications for extended periods of time, particularly >4 years, should be monitored for vitamin B12 status.

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