THE ESTROGEN-LIKE SUBSTANCES IN CERTAIN LEGUMES AND GRASSES: I. THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF SUCH SUBSTANCES IN RED CLOVER AND OATS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Kitts ◽  
A. J. Wood ◽  
E. Swierstra ◽  
V. C. Brink
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Reference Compound ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Second Year

A 3-day per orum procedure, using female mice 20–21 days old and weighing 8–12 gm., was evolved for the determination of the estrogen-like substances in forage. With diethylstilbestrol (D.E.S.) as reference compound a dose response curve was constructed. From this curve the estrogenic activity of plant material was estimated and expressed in terms of D.E.S. Studies were undertaken to determine the effects of stage of maturity and frequency of cutting of first- and second-year growth of red clover and first-year growth of Victory oats. The samples from first- and second-year growth of red clover possessed considerable estrogenic activity. The level of activity was highest in the spring and decreased towards the autumn. Victory oats possessed little or no estrogenic activity at any time during the growing season.

Effects of Cutting First Year Red Clover on Stand and Yield in the Second Year 1

1955 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 224-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Torrie ◽  
Earle W. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Year

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF PERENNIAL GRASSES AND MIXTURES WITH DIFFERENT SOWING DATES IN WESTERN SIBERIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
V. A. Petruk
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Sowing Period

The results of field studies for 2017 - 2019 are presented. yields of perennial grasses sown at different times of the growing season. Spring, summer, and winter sowing periods were compared. Alfalfa, clover, rump, and also their mixtures were sown in 2017 under the cover of barley. The value of the cover crop yield of spring and summer sowing periods did not differ significantly and amounted to 4-5 t / ha of absolutely dry matter. Winter barley crops have not formed. On average, over 2 years of use, the highest yields were observed in alfalfa-crust grass mixtures - 3.4 t / ha of absolutely dry matter. The lowest yield was obtained in the single-species seeding of the rump. Correspondingly, in the spring, summer and winter periods of sowing, the yield of rump was 1.6; 1.1 and 1.3 t / ha. With a late sowing period, the yield of perennial grasses is significantly lower compared to spring and summer. With winter sowing periods, the yield was the highest for grass stands of alfalfa and alfalfacrust grass mixture - 2.3 and 2.4 t / ha. It should be noted that in the second year of use, the yield by the sowing dates in single-species crops and grass mixtures is leveled. The winter crops of perennial grasses in the first year of use formed a low yield. Only in the second year (third year of life) the productivity of perennial grasses of winter sowing began to increase. Consequently, in the area under perennial grasses of the winter sowing period, during one growing season (the next year after sowing), the crop was not actually formed. Based on the data obtained, production can be recommended for spring and summer planting of perennial grasses under the cover of barley. The winter sowing period provides economically valuable crop yields only by the third year of life.

Determination of the Maximum Appearance Period of Capnodis tendebrionis in Al-Sweida-Syria Governorate and Testing the Efficacy of Some Pesticides on the Pest Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-272
Author(s):  
Mazen Bufaur ◽  
◽  
Safwat Al-Gkhami ◽  
Rami Bou Hamdan ◽  
Waed Ghanem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
First Year ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Second Year

Bufaur, M., S. Al-Gkhami, R. Bohamdan, W. Ghanem and M. Dawara. 2021. Determination of the Maximum Appearance Period of Capnodis tendebrionisin Al-Sweida-Syria Governorate and Testing the Efficacy of Some Pesticides on the Pest Adults. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(4): 268-272. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-39.4.268272 A weekly adults collection of Capnodis tendebrionis L. (Buprestidae; Coleoptera) was conducted for two seasons (2018, 2019) to determine the maximum insect adults appearance period. Early adult appearance was recorded in the first year in warm-dry months as compared to the second year in cold-wet months. Maximum insect adults appearance was recorded at the end of April during the first season and at the end of May in the second season. A field experiment was carried out to test the efficacy of some pesticides on controlling pest adults: Deltamethrin, 100g/l, Chlorpyriphos-ethyl 48% and Acetamiprid 20% as a foliar spray, and Deltamethrin 0.25% as dusting powder around the stem, in addition to the control. Results obtained showed that Chlorpyriphos-ethyl and the two Deltamethrin treatments were the best on adults and with significant differences compared with Acetamiprid treatment following the first and the second week after spraying in 2018, and the Deltamethrin as dusting powder and Chlorpyriphos-ethyl treatments were the best and with significant differences compared to other treatments were observed. Using Deltamethrin as dusting powder around the stem was highly efficient during three weeks after spraying as compared with other treatments in the two years. Keywords: Capnodis tendebrionis L., Maximum adult appearance period, Deltamethrin, Chlorpyriphos- ethyl and Acetamiprid

Effects of cutting and cold-storage of parent canes on cane production of raspberry

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 501
Author(s):  
BM El-Zeftawi ◽  
FH Goubran ◽  
JG Richards
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
June July

Parent canes of Willamette raspberry produced more vigorous canes than those of Glen Clova although the latter was less prone to bud failure in the first year. Reducing the length of the parent canes encouraged cane production and lowered the incidence of bud failure. Freshly dug plant material had more canes and less bud failure than those stored at 2�C, particularly when planted during June-July. For all treatments, the percentage of fruiting canes was 2-3 times higher in the second growing season than in the first, despite the total number of canes being less.

scholarly journals Zoysiagrass Establishment from Sprigs following Application of Herbicides, Nitrogen, and a Biostimulator

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 972-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Carroll ◽  
P.H. Dernoeden ◽  
J.M. Krouse
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Dimethyl Ester ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Sprigs of `Meyer' zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) were treated with urea nitrogen, a biostimulator, and one of three preemergence herbicides or one of two postemergence herbicides to hasten establishment in two field studies. Monthly application of N at 48 kg·ha–1 during the growing season had no influence on sprig establishment the first year, but slightly increased (+5%) zoysiagrass cover the second year. Presoaking sprigs in a solution containing (mg·L–1) 173 auxin and 81 cytokinin, and iron at 1.25 g·L–1 before broadcasting of sprigs, and biweekly sprays (g·ha–1) of 53 auxin and 24 cytokinin, and iron at 0.2 g·L–1 or (g·ha–1) 68 auxin and 36 cytokinin, and iron at 1.45 g·L–1 after broadcasting sprigs had no effect on zoysiagrass cover or rooting. Preemergence and postemergence herbicide use generally enhanced zoysiagrass cover by reducing smooth crabgrass competition [Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb. ex Schweig) Schreb. ex Muhl]. Oxadiazon enhanced zoysiagrass coverage more than dithiopyr, pendimethalin, quinclorac, or fenoxaprop. Oxadiazon and dithiopyr provided similar levels of crabgrass control, but dithiopyr reduced `Meyer' zoysiagrass midsummer root growth. Chemical names used: 3,5,-pyridinedicarbothioic acid, 2-[difluromethyl]-4-[2-methyl-propyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-S,S-dimethyl ester (dithiopyr); [±]-ethyl 2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyl)oxy]phenoxy] propanoate (fenoxaprop); 3-[2,4-dichloro-5-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-(3H)-one (oxadiazon); N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin); 3,7-dichloro-8-quin-olinecarboxylic acid (quinclorac).

scholarly journals CASE STUDY INFORMATION REFLECTING FARMER USE OF PAWERA RED CLOVER IN NORTHERN NORTHLAND

1986 ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Ussher
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
First Year ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Very High

Low summer production in Northern Northland can be largely overcome by the use of 'Grasslands Pawera' red clover. Daily dry matter production of 100+ kg/ha/day over the penod late October to early March, have been recorded over two years. Yearly production of 22,OOOkg DM/ha in the first year, and 17,500 to 21,000 in the second year, have been recorded from pure stands of Pawera. This growth is of very high quality occurring at a tlmc when growth and quality of existing Rye or Kikuyu based pastures, are low. Potential problems from the use of Pawera are discussed. Keywords: Pawera red clover, quality, Northland, problems.

Potential to double-crop plastic mulch

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Waterer ◽  
William Hrycan ◽  
Theresa Simms
Keyword(s):  
Light Transmission ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Second Year

Double-cropping of plastic (polyethylene) mulches has the potential to increase the cost-effectiveness while reducing the environmental impact of this technology for enhancing growth of vegetable crops. In regions with a short growing season, double-cropping of soil mulches hinges on being able to leave the plastic in the field over winter. This extended exposure to the elements may alter the physical and optical characteristics of the mulch, thereby influencing crop productivity in the second year of use. This study evaluated the physical characteristics and efficacy of black, clear and infrared transmitting (IRT) mulches over two cropping seasons in Saskatchewan. The crops planted were pepper (Capsicum annuum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) in the first year and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) in the second year. Early-season soil temperatures appeared highest under the clear mulch in the first year, but once the crop canopy was established there was little difference in soil temperature among plots having different mulches. Higher yields of both cucumber and pepper were produced in the first year by clear mulch than by black mulch or without mulch. All mulches were still physically sound at the end of the first growing season, but light transmission through the clear and IRT mulches was reduced relative to new mulch. Much of this change was due to soil and other debris on the surface of the mulches. There was little further change in the physical condition or light transmission characteristics of the mulches through the second year of use. Weed growth under clear mulch in its second year appeared to reduce soil temperatures, particularly relative to new clear mulch. Mulch type, either newly laid or year-old, had no impact on yields of marketable tomatoes. More fruit reached full red color prior to harvest in response to clear mulch than to no mulch (bare soil). Yields of marketable tomato fruit obtained on year-old mulch of all types were comparable to yields obtained with new mulch. These data suggest that double-cropping of plastic mulches can be done without loss of crop yield and provide significant savings in materials, labor and disposal costs. While clear mulch was generally the most beneficial for the production of warm season vegetable crops, it did not prevent weed growth in the second year which was problematic. Key words: Wavelength selective, light transmission, cucumber, pepper, tomato

Changes with time in the germination of buried scentless chamomile (Matricaria perforata Mérat) seeds

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Bowes ◽  
A. G. Thomas ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
First Year ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Buried Seed ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Persistent Seed Bank

Change with time in the germination of scentless chamomile (Matricaria perforata Mérat) seeds was investigated. Seeds were placed in nylon net bags, buried 7 cm deep in soil, exhumed at monthly intervals for 2 yr and allowed to germinate in temperature regimes of 10/2 °C, 20/5 °C, 25/10 °C and 35/20 °C (16/8 h), simulating temperatures found during early spring or late fall, spring or fall, summer and mid-summer on the soil surface, respectively. Exhumed and refrigerator-stored (2 °C) check seeds exhibited no yearly dormancy/nondormancy germination cycle, but mortality of buried seed increased to 36%, after 10 mo in contrast with that of the check seeds which remained low for two years. Light was required for germination during the first year but was not required for a portion of the seed during the second year. The retention of viability in buried seed explains the persistent seed bank and seedling emergence throughout the growing season when moisture and temperature are nonlimiting. Key words: Seed burial, germination, Matricaria perforata Mérat

scholarly journals Mulching with Leaf Litter from Municipal Green Waste Favours Predatory Mononchid Nematodes

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2522
Author(s):  
Renáta Petrikovszki ◽  
Mihály Zalai ◽  
Franciska Tóthné Tóthné Bogdányi ◽  
Ferenc Tóth ◽  
Péter István Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
First Year ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Although the incorporation of organic amendments into the soil is widely researched, less attention has been given to the impact of in-situ composting of municipal green wastes (MGW), especially leaf litter, on free-living nematodes. In a four year experiment (2016–2019) of tomato cropping cycles, we tested the hypothesis that leaf litter mulch has a positive effect on mononchid predatory nematodes and influences their species composition. Two treatments were applied every year: plots were either mulched with leaf litter or left unmulched. Soil samples were collected every autumn at the end of the growing season. Active, free-living nematodes were extracted by Baermann funnel from soil samples, the density of mononchid predatory nematodes was determined, and the individuals were identified to genus or species. In the first year (2016), mulching did not affect the density of mononchids. From the second year (2017) on, their number significantly increased in mulched plots, compared to in unmulched ones. During the study period the presence of four mononchid genera: Clarkus, Mylonchulus, Prionchulus, and Iotonchus, were detected. Our hypothesis was confirmed, as the number of mononchids increased in the presence of MGW leaf litter mulch layer.

scholarly journals Drought stress effects on the grain yield among different barley cultivars

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1087-1100
Author(s):  
Aram Arshadi ◽  
Ezzat Karami ◽  
Behzad Khateri ◽  
Payam Rezabakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Group A ◽  
Second Year

We examined commercial barley cultivars in two sequential growing season by including irrigation and rainfed conditions under a randomized complete block experimental design. There were positive and significant correlations between the yeild and either of the indices including Mean productivity (MP), Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Harmonic Mean Productivity (HMP), and Mean Relative Performance (MRP) in both irrigated and drought conditions. The PC1 and PC2 justified 94.86 and 94.44% of total variation in the first year and second year, respectively. According to 3-dimensional diagram and based on STI, genotypes 2, 3, and 8 in the first year and gentypes 4, 3, 8, and 2 in the second year were clustered together in group A, and therefore, called the most tolerant cultivars to drought stress.

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