scholarly journals EFFECTS OF LOW FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES ON FARM ANIMALS: II. INFLUENCE OF AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE ON WATER INTAKE OF LACTATING HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN COWS

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. MacDonald ◽  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Cent Level ◽  
Fluctuating Temperatures ◽  
Total Water Intake ◽  
Friesian Cows

The effects of low fluctuating temperatures on water intake and on the ratios of water intake to various other factors are reported. Six mature lactating Holstein-Friesian cows were confined in stanchions for three 14-day experimental periods during which temperatures, measured in degree-hours per day (d-h/day), ranged from 110 to 1152 and daily minimum ambient air temperatures (DMAAT) varied from 0° to 38° F. An interim period of approximately 14 days separated each test period. Each cow received hay ad libitum and concentrates were fed according to level of milk production and live weight. Each cow was watered individually five times daily and water consumption was recorded.Correlations of free water consumption and total water intake with both d-h/day and DMAAT were significant at the 2 per cent level in each case. Regressions of free water consumption and total water intake during the subsequent day on d-h/day were both significant at the 3 per cent level but regressions of the same factors on DMAAT were only significant at the 8 per cent level for free water consumption during the subsequent day and the 9 per cent level for total water intake during the subsequent day. Low fluctuating temperatures did not affect any of the ratios analysed to a significant extent. Thus, as d-h/day increased and DMAAT decreased, water intake increased. The increases were concomitant with increased feedstuffs intakes.Results of this study support Adolph’s hypothesis that the water requirement of mammals is roughly one millilitre per Calorie of heat produced. Temperature had no significant effect on this ratio. The correlation between water intake and caloric intake was significant at the 2 per cent level.Thermal stress effects experienced by the cows in response to temperature changes appeared to be dissipated within 24 hours, or overshadowed by the more immediate effects of the environment the following day.

Total water intake and its contributors in infants and young children

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Chouraqui ◽  
Simon N. Thornton ◽  
Louise Seconda ◽  
Stavros A. Kavouras
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
Infants And Young Children ◽  
Total Water Intake

Abstract Hydration is a particular concern for infants and young children due to their greater risk of dehydration. However, studies on their water intakes are scarce. The current survey aimed to analyze total water intake (TWI) in non-breastfed children aged 0.5-35 months compared to the adequate intake (AI) for the same age group set by the EFSA and to examine the different contributors to TWI as well as beverage consumption patterns. Nationally representative data from the Nutri-Bébé cross-sectional survey were used to assess food, beverage, and plain water consumption by age group over three non-consecutive days. With age, median TWI in 1,035 children increased from 732 to 1010 mL/d, without differences between sex, but with a great inter-individual variation, and the percentage of children who did not meet the AI increased from 10% to 88%. Median weight-related TWI decreased from 136.6 to 69.0 mL/kg/d. Among infants, 90% had a ratio of water/energy below the AI, similarly for about 75% of toddlers. Milk and milk products were the main contributors to TWI, while the part of plain water increased gradually to be 25% in the older toddlers, half of which was tap water. The beverage consumption pattern varied in types and timing, with little consumption of juices and sweetened beverages. Vegetables and fruits accounted for 20% of TWI after the age of 6 months. These initial results, showing strong discrepancies between actual and recommended water intakes in young children, should help identify ways to increase children’s water consumption.

EFFECTS OF LOW FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES ON FARM ANIMALS.: III. INFLUENCE OF AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE ON FEED INTAKE OF LACTATING HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN COWS

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. MacDonald ◽  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Ambient Air Temperature ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Cent Level ◽  
Friesian Cows

This report presents effects of low temperatures on the feed consumption and efficiency of milk production of six mature, lactating, Holstein-Friesian cows that were confined in stanchions for three fortnightly experimental periods during which ambient temperatures measured in degree-hours per day (d-h/day) ranged from 110 to 1152 and daily minimum ambient air temperature (DMAAT) varied from 0° to 38°F. Applying results obtained, it was calculated that as temperatures decreased, i.e., d-h/day increased from 100 to 1200 and DMAAT decreased from 40° to 0°F, average daily intakes of total dry matter, hay, and gross and digestible Calories increased approximately 6.4 lb., 5.3 lb., 13 Therms and 9 Therms, respectively. Each of these increases was statistically significant at the 1 per cent level. Reductions in temperature also decreased gross and net caloric efficiencies of milk production approximately 10 and 8.5 per cent, respectively. These decreases were significant at the 2 per cent level. No correlation was evident between crude protein utilization and temperature.Results indicated that thermal stress was not overcome adequately by supplementary hay intake alone and that appetite stimulation by low temperatures had a carry-over effect continuing at least 24 hours. For continued efficient milk production during winters where low ambient temperatures are prevalent these results suggest it is necessary to provide some form of building insulation, ambient heat and/or provide a high energy supplement to otherwise adequate production rations.

scholarly journals Water and Beverage Consumption among a Nationally Representative Sample of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habiba I. Ali ◽  
Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri ◽  
Fadima Elmi ◽  
Shu Wen Ng ◽  
Sahar Zaghloul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Total Water Intake

There are limited studies examining water consumption among individuals in hot climates. We assessed the daily total water intake from plain water, other beverages, and food in a nationally representative sample of children and adolescents aged 6–18 years in the United Arab Emirates. Total water intake was compared against the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine and the European Food Safety Authority. Sociodemographic information, 24 h dietary recall, physical activity levels, and anthropometric data were collected from 527 participants. The mean ± SE of total water intake was 1778.4 ± 33.8 mL/day. Plain drinking water was the largest contributor to total water intake (51.6%), followed by food (27.3%). Sugar-sweetened beverages constituted 13.9% of water intake. The proportion of participants who met the Institute of Medicine recommendations ranged from 15% (males aged 14–18) to 25% (children aged 6–8). The proportion of participants who met the European Food Safety Authority recommendations ranged from 31% (females aged 14–18) to 36% (males aged 14–18). The water-to-energy ratio was 1.0–1.15 L/1000 kcal, meeting recommendations. The majority of participants failed to meet water intake recommendations, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to promote increased water consumption among children and adolescents.

Effects of air temperature, air velocity and feeding level on apparent digestibility, water intake, water loss and growth in calves given a milk substitute diet

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Cockram ◽  
T. G. Rowan
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
Total Water Intake

ABSTRACTSix groups of eight 2-day-old calves were placed successively in a controlled environment chamber. Three groups were exposed to air temperatures of 10° and 25°C. A liquid diet of skimmed-milk substitute and 4 I/day of drinking (free) water was offered to each calf. Within each group, calves were allocated to either a low (<0·2 m/s) or a high (>3 m/s) air velocity and to either a low (30 g dry matter (DM) per kg M0·75per day) or a high (40 g DM per kg M0·75per day) feeding level. At 8 days of age the apparent digestibilities of DM at air temperatures of 10° and 25°C were 0·77 (s.e. 0·126) and 0·82 (s.e. 0·126) respectively (P > 0·05). The apparent digestibilities of DM were greater at the low feeding level with low air velocity than for either this feeding level with high air velocity or the high feeding level at both air velocities (P< 0·05) between which there was no significant difference (P > 0·05). At 8 days of age there were significant air temperature × air velocity (P< 001) and air velocity × feeding level interactions in the intake of free water (P< 005). There was a significant air temperature × feeding level interaction for total water intake (P< 0·05). Urinary water loss relative to total water intake was significantly greater at the low air velocity than at the high air velocity (P< 0·05).In a further two groups of eight calves given 30 g DM per kg M 75 per day at 8 days of age, the apparent digestibilities of DM at air temperatures of 10° and 25°C were 0·71 (s.e. 0·020) and 0·90 (s.e. 0·013) respectively (P< 0·01). In the same calves given 40 g DM per kg M0·75per day at 20 days of age, the apparent digestibilities of DM at air temperatures of 10° and 25°C were 0·89 (s.e. 0·009) and 0·93 (s.e. 0·011) respectively (P< 0·05). The free and total water intakes, the ratios of (total water intake-faecal water loss): total water intake and the urinary losses of water were significantly greater at the air temperature of 25°C than at 10°C (P< 0·05). Live-weight gains were lower at 10°C than at 25°C (P< 0·01).The results suggested that air temperature, air velocity and feeding level can affect the health and growth of calves less than 4 weeks of age.

scholarly journals Hydration status, body composition, and anxiety status in aeronautical military personnel from Spain: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Carretero-Krug ◽  
Natalia Úbeda ◽  
Carlos Velasco ◽  
Juan Medina-Font ◽  
Trinidad Trujillo Laguna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Urine Color ◽  
Total Water Intake

Abstract Background An adequate hydration status is critical to ensure efficiency during mental and physical activities. Our goal was to assess the hydration status of a Spanish group of aeronautical military men and to determine the association of hydration status with body composition and anxiety. Methods A total of 188 men were evaluated through a validated hydration questionnaire, anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and an anxiety questionnaire. Based on these methods, the criteria of hydration were established. Results Of the total sample, 81% met the hydration criteria (urine color = well hydrated, water balance ≥ 0 ml, and total water intake/weight ≥ 35 ml/kg), and 19% did not meet the hydration criteria (urine color = not sufficiently hydrated or dehydrated, water balance < 0 ml, and total water intake/weight < 35 ml/kg). Subjects not meeting the hydration criteria had lower urine pH, negative water balance, and lower water intake. The latter also had higher anxiety status (score = 4 vs. 3, P = 0.026), weight [(84.7 ± 10.5) vs. (80.5 ± 10.2) kg], body mass index [(26.3 ± 3.1) vs. (25.2 ± 2.8)]kg/m2, body fat [(22.3 ± 5.6) vs. (18.3 ± 6.5)] %, urine specific gravity, and urine color. Using a logistic binary regression model, hydration status was related significantly with the percentage of body fat (P = 0.004), but no relation was found with age, comorbidities, or medications. Furthermore, total water intake/weight was positively correlated with percentage of body water (r = 0.357, P = 0.000) and negatively with body fat (kg) (r = − 0.427, P = 0.000), percentage of body fat (r = − 0.405, P = 0.000), and waist/hip ratio (r = − 0.223, P = 0.002). Based on a linear regression model, total water intake/weight was related significantly with percentage of body fat (P = 0.001) and percentage of body water content (P = 0.035). No relation was found, however, with waist/hip ratio, age, comorbidities, or medications. Conclusions These findings all suggest a relationship between hydration status and body composition but also set the bases for future studies that relate hydration status and anxiety status. These results can be used to improve the hydration status and body composition of military personnel.

scholarly journals The role of obesity in the relation between total water intake and urine osmolality in US adults, 2009–2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1554-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asher Y Rosinger ◽  
Hannah G Lawman ◽  
Lara J Akinbami ◽  
Cynthia L Ogden
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Intake

scholarly journals A cross-over study comparing an online versus a paper 7-day food record: focus on total water intake data and participant’s perception of the records

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (S2) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Monnerie ◽  
L. G. Tavoularis ◽  
I. Guelinckx ◽  
P. Hebel ◽  
T. Boisvieux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Total Water Intake

scholarly journals Consumptions of plain water, moisture in foods and beverages, and total water in relation to dietary micronutrient intakes and serum nutrient profiles among US adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1180-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Yang ◽  
Ock K Chun
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nutrient Profiles ◽  
Total Water Intake

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate water contributors in relation to dietary and serum micronutrient profiles.DesignA cross-sectional study. The main exposures were water contributors. Selected dietary and serum micronutrient levels were outcome measures.SettingsThe US population and its subgroups.SubjectsUS adults (n 2691) aged ≥20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006.ResultsThe daily mean total water intake was 3·1 (se 0·047) litres, with 68 % of adults consuming below the Adequate Intake level. Total water intake was higher in adults with higher BMI and physical activity, those taking dietary supplements and alcohol consumers (P < 0·05). Plain water intake was positively associated with food moisture and negatively with beverage moisture (P < 0·001). Beverage moisture was negatively associated with food moisture (P < 0·001). In multivariate regression analyses, plain water and food moisture intakes were positively associated with Fe, Ca, vitamins A, B, C, E and K and carotenoid intakes (P < 0·05). However, beverage moisture was unrelated to Ca, niacin and vitamin B6 intakes, and negatively associated with Fe, vitamin A, folate, vitamins C, E and K and carotenoid intakes (P < 0·05). Concentrations of serum vitamins A and C and carotenoids increased with plain water and food moisture intakes (P < 0·05) but decreased (P < 0·01) or were unrelated to beverage moisture intake.ConclusionsVarious contributors of total water intake differed in their associations with dietary and serum micronutrient profiles in US adults. The study provides evidence of plain water benefits on micronutrient adequacy over beverages.

Evaluation of seasonality on total water intake, water loss and water balance in the general population in Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Malisova ◽  
V. Bountziouka ◽  
D. Β. Panagiotakos ◽  
A. Zampelas ◽  
M. Kapsokefalou
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Intake Water ◽  
Total Water Intake
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document