OBSERVATIONS ON GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN SWINE

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K. Kristjansson
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Treatment Interaction

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the importance of genotype-environment interactions in Canadian Yorkshire swine. Two males and two females from each of four litters by each of four sires were randomly allotted to two feeding and management treatments. One male and one female from each litter were self-fed A.R. feed mixtures in a piggery and the other male and female were self-fed the same feeds on pasture. Weights were taken at 56 and 140 days of age and at 190-200 lb. live weight. Carcass measurements were taken at slaughter.Rate of gain from 56 to 140 days for pasture-fed pigs was significantly lower (P = <.01) than for those fed in the piggery. Pigs fed on pasture were also significantly shorter (P = <.01) than those fed in the piggery. Sire-treatment interaction was significant for loin area (P = <.05) and approached significance for rate of gain from 56 to 140 days (P(=).09), A.R. carcass score (P(=).13), and average backfat thickness (P(=).08). A marked shift in ranking of sires between treatments was noted for loin area, rate of gain, and A.R. carcass score. These results indicate that genotype-environment interactions may exist in Yorkshire swine.

Effect of boar exposure on expression of genetic potential for age of puberty in gilts

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Safranski ◽  
W. R. Lamberson ◽  
R. O. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Group Treatment ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Age At Puberty ◽  
Seven Generations ◽  
Pool Population

ABSTRACTGenotype × environment interaction for age at puberty was evaluated using gilts from the Nebraska Gene Pool population derived from lines selected randomly (RS; no. = 48) or for seven generations for decreased age at puberty (AP; no. = 73). Age at puberty was evaluated in two environments: boar exposure for 15 min daily (BE) or no boar exposure (NBE). Pigs were randomly assigned to treatment and mixed into groups of 20 in pasture lots. Oestrous detection was initiated when the oldest gilt in a pen was 125 days of age. Blood samples were taken weekly and assayed for progesterone. Gilts were considered to have expressed oestrus if they exhibited lordosis or had consecutive weekly blood samples with progesterone values above 6·4 × 109 mol/1 (2 μ, g/l). Gilts were removed from the pen upon confirmation of puberty or at 250 days of age. Two gilts failed to reach puberty by 250 days so this value was assigned as their age at puberty. Least-squares analyses of variance were used to analyse the data. A model including line, sire within line, farrowing group, treatment and line × treatment interaction was fitted to the dependent variables age at puberty and percentage cycling by 185 days. Line and treatment each affected age at puberty (P < 0·05) but did not interact. Least-square mean ages at puberty were 154 (s.e. 4·5), 164 (s.e. 4·7), 164 (s.e. 6·1) and 179 (s.e. 5·9) days for AP-BE, AP-NBE, RS-BE and RS-NBE, respectively. Treatment affected percentage of gilts cycling by 185 days (P < 0·05). Least-square percentages were 91 (s.e. 6·9), 76 (s.e. 71), 84 (s.e. 9·2) and 65 (s.e. 8·9) % for AP-BE, AP-NBE, RS-BE and RS-NBE, respectively. These results indicate that expression of response to selection for decreased age at puberty in the gilt is not dependent on stimuli from the boar.

scholarly journals Cultivar Evaluation and Essential Test Locations Identification for Sugarcane Breeding in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Luo ◽  
Yong-Bao Pan ◽  
Liping Xu ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Zhaonian Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Sugarcane Breeding ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Poor Stability

The discrepancies across test sites and years, along with the interaction between cultivar and environment, make it difficult to accurately evaluate the differences of the sugarcane cultivars. Using a genotype main effect plus genotype-environment interaction (GGE) Biplot software, the yield performance data of seven sugarcane cultivars in the 8th Chinese National Sugarcane Regional Tests were analyzed to identify cultivars recommended for commercial release. Fn38 produced a high and stable sugar yield. Gn02-70 had the lowest cane yield with high stability. Yz06-407 was a high cane yield cultivar with poor stability in sugar yield. Yz05-51 and Lc03-1137 had an unstable cane yield but relatively high sugar yield. Fn39 produced stable high sugar yield with low and unstable cane production. Significantly different sugar and cane yields were observed across seasons due to strong cultivar-environment interactions. Three areas, Guangxi Chongzuo, Guangxi Baise, and Guangxi Hechi, showed better representativeness of cane yield and sugar content than the other four areas. On the other hand, the areas Guangxi Chongzuo, Yunnan Lincang, and Yunnan Baoshan showed strong discrimination ability, while the areas Guangxi Hechi and Guangxi Liuzhou showed poor discrimination ability. This study provides a reference for cultivar evaluation and essential test locations identification for sugarcane breeding in China.

scholarly journals Changes in muscularity with growth and its relationship with other carcass traits in three terminal sire breeds of sheep

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Jones ◽  
R. M. Lewis ◽  
M. J. Young ◽  
B. T. Wolf ◽  
C. C. Warkup
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Negative Relationships

AbstractData were available for 160 sheep (50 Suffolk males, 50 Suffolk females, 40 Texel males and 20 Charollais males). One-fifth of animals within each breed and sex were slaughtered at each of 14, 18 or 22 weeks of age and two-fifths slaughtered at 26 weeks. After slaughter linear measurements were taken on the carcass. The left side of each carcass was then separated into eight joints and each joint dissected into lean, bone and fat. Five muscularity measures (three for the longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle, one for the hind leg and one for the whole carcass) and one of the shape of the LTL cross-section (depth: width) were calculated. With the exception of one measure for the LTL, muscularity increased with growth. Rates of increase in most measures were higher in Texels than in each of the other breeds, but were not different between the male and female Suffolks or between the Suffolk and Charollais lambs. Increases in most muscularity measures at a constant live weight were associated with increases in lean to bone ratio and carcass lean content. Associations with fat content were either non-significant or negative. Relationships with lean distribution were non-significant or weak. Correlations between the three measures of muscularity for the LTL were high. Correlations between the whole carcass measure and those within different regions were moderate to high in the Texels but lower in the Suffolk and Charollais breeds. The same was true for correlations between the LTL measures and hind leg muscularity. If muscularity throughout the carcass is to be described effectively, measures in more than one region may be required, particularly in the Suffolk and Charollais breeds.

scholarly journals Genotype–environment interaction in layer chickens in the growing stage: comparison of three genotypes at two different feeding levels with or without red mite (<i>Dermanyssus gallinae</i>) infestation

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-455
Author(s):  
Hakan Erdem ◽  
Türker Savaş
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Poultry Red Mite ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Feeding Environments ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. This study investigated how early growth was affected in various chicken genotypes, which were fed ad libitum or restricted and with or without poultry red mite (PRM) infestation. Atak-S (AS), New Hampshire Red (NHR), and Light Sussex (LS) genotypes were used in the study. In total, 120 chicks were used from each genotype. Four groups were formed: feed-restricted (FR) and infested with parasite (P+), FR only, fed ad libitum and P+ , and fed ad libitum only. Feed restriction was applied as 20 % of the feed consumption of the group fed ad libitum the day before for each genotype. The study was conducted between 2 to 12 weeks of age. Weekly live weights and feed consumption were recorded, and the feed conversion ratio was calculated. Traps were placed in cages to count parasites. Regarding the live weight, NHR tolerated the PRM infestation in the ad libitum feed conditions better than other genotypes. While the infested NHR and AS birds had lower live weights than the non-infested ones under FR conditions, there was no difference between infested and non-infested birds of NHR and AS genotypes when they fed ad libitum. The feed consumption of infested AS and NHR birds was higher than that of non-infested counterparts when fed ad libitum. By contrast, the LS chicks consumed less food in the infested environment. In conclusion, the genotypes responded differently to PRM infestation in different feeding environments.

scholarly journals Genotype-environment interaction for cob yield and maturity in baby corn (Zea mays L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-496
Author(s):  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
MAL Akanda ◽  
MAA Mondal ◽  
MA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Phenotypic Stability ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Location Interaction ◽  
Maturity Parameters

Genotype-location interaction and phenotypic stability of cob yield and maturity parameters of eight baby corn genotypes including hybrids and composite varieties were assessed during rabi 2006-2007. Significant genotype-environment interactions were observed for all the characters under study. Pooled deviations were also found significant for all the characters except days to harvesting. The genotype Khoibhutta was found stable for days to tasselling, days to harvesting and yield of by product and suited to unfavourable environment. On the other hand, the BBC1 was stable across environments for days to harvesting and cob yield. Genotype NS pop corn was stable for days to tasselling and suited to unfavourable environment and stable for yield of by-product and cob yield across the environments. The genotype BHM5 showed stable performance only for cob yield across the environments. Keywords: Stability; genotype; environment; G × E; yield components; baby corn. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i3.6455Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(3) : 489-496

Genetic differences for size and shape in inbred lines of Poecilia reticulata

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-333
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Vanelli ◽  
Gabriella Rocchetta ◽  
Carlo Pancaldi
Keyword(s):  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Environmental Component ◽  
The Mean

The model of K. Mather is applied to partition the mean phenotypic expression of the "size" and "shape" traits during the growth in inbred lines and their F1 generations of Poecilia reticulata. In particular, the dynamics of the environmental and interaction components during growth have been analyzed. The results obtained for the "shape" show that the genotype – environment interaction is proportional to the effect of the environment so that the genetic differences evaluated for this trait are amplified in the last age considered. On the other hand, the lack of this kind of relationship, estimated for the size trait, and a greater weight of the environmental component, suggest that it is not possible to identify a particular age at which genetic differences between lines could be more easily detectable for this trait within the range analyzed.Key words: Poecilia, quantitative.

scholarly journals Effects of Anthocyanin Supplementation and Ageing Time on the Volatile Organic Compounds and Sensory Attributes of Meat from Goat Kids

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Maria Federica Sgarro ◽  
Aristide Maggiolino ◽  
Mirian Pateiro ◽  
Rubén Domínguez ◽  
Francesco Iannaccone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ageing Time ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Powder Form ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sensorial Analyses

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of dietary anthocyanin addition on volatile compounds of meat from goat kids during ageing. For this work, 60 male and female kids were divided into two groups: red orange and lemon extract (RLE group; n = 30), which received an RLE extract (90 mg/kg of live weight); and control (CON group; n = 30). The phytoextract in dry powder form was rich in bioflavonoids such as flavanones (about 16%) and anthocyanins (about 3%). After slaughtering, the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle was aged at 4 °C. The volatile organic compound (VOC) and sensorial analyses were carried out at 1, 3 and 7 days. A total of 10 chemical families were identified during the ageing process. Aldehydes were the most abundant VOC, followed by ketones and alcohols. Their contents increased during the process, showing after 7 days of ageing mean values of 20,498, 2193 and 1879 ng/g of meat, respectively. Regarding dietary effects, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbons and thiols presented significant differences between treatments, with higher carboxylic acid contents observed in RLE samples (437 vs. 467 ng/g of meat for CON and RLE batches, respectively; p < 0.05). On the contrary, hydrocarbons (436 vs. 254 ng/g of meat for CON and RLE batches, respectively) and thiols (160 vs. 103 ng/g of meat for CON and RLE batches, respectively) displayed significantly (p < 0.01) higher amounts in CON compared to the RLE group. Regarding ageing time, the tenderness, juiciness, odour and overall assessment parameters showed significantly higher scores at the end of the whole process (p < 0.05). On the other hand, only odour displayed significant differences between treatments, reaching higher scores in CON samples (p < 0.05). Therefore, ageing time improved the sensorial properties (tenderness, juiciness, odour and overall assessment) and the VOC content, whereas the inclusion of anthocyanins in the kids’ diet did not have a great impact on the properties of aged meat.

Items’ Cross-Category Associations as a Confounding Factor in the Implicit Association Test

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie C. Steffens ◽  
Inga Plewe
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Association Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reaction Time Difference ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Degree Of Association

Abstract. The introduction of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998 ) has stimulated numerous research activities. The IAT is supposed to measure the degree of association between concepts. Instances have to be assigned to these concepts by pressing appropriate keys as quickly as possible. The reaction time difference between certain conditions, termed the IAT effect, is used as an indicator of the degree of the concepts’ association. We tested the hypothesis that the degree of association between one concept (or category) and the instances of the other presented concept also influences reaction times. In our experiment, the instances in the target categories, male and female names, were kept constant. The adjectives in the evaluative categories were manipulated: Either the pleasant adjectives were female-associated and the unpleasant adjectives were male-associated, or vice versa. These stereotypic associations were indeed found to exert a substantial influence on the size of the IAT effect. This finding casts doubt on the assumption that the IAT effect may be interpreted as a pure measure of the degree of association between concepts.

LANGUAGE USE BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE HOST IN HITAM PUTIH TALK SHOW

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurmaliana Sari ◽  
Sumarsih Sumarsih ◽  
Busmin Gurning
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Talk Show ◽  
Dominant Language ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Domestic Activities ◽  
Female Host ◽  
Negative Connotation ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study discusses about language use occurred by male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this study are male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. The data are the utterances produced by male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. This research focuses on the show broadcasted on October 2016 by taking 4 videos randomly. The objective of this study is to describe kinds of the language use uttered by male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. The findings showed that the kinds of language use consist of 6 parts. The dominant language use uttered by male host is expletive, because male’s utterances are frequently stated in a negative connotation. On the other hand, female host utterances are found in specialized vocabulary as the most dominant because female host has more interest in talking family affairs, such as the education of children, clothes, cooking, and fashion, etc. Women also tended to talk about one thing related to the home and domestic activities. However, the representation of language use uttered by male and female are deficit, dominance and different. Keywords: Language Use, Gender, Talk Show

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document