SEASONAL AND REGIONAL VARIATIONS IN THE UNSATURATED ACIDS OF ALBERTA BUTTERFAT

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Wood ◽  
W. Haab
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Polyunsaturated Acids ◽  
Iodine Values ◽  
Summer Minimum

Monthly samples of butterfat taken during 1953–54 from creameries at Edmonton and Lethbridge showed regional and seasonal fluctuations of iodine values and content of monoenoic and conjugated and non-conjugated dienoic, trienoic and tetraenoic acids. The total unsaturated acids content, as measured by iodine values, was higher in the Edmonton butterfats and reached a maximum in September at the end of the grazing season, while the lower Lethbridge maximum occurred in May with but slightly declining values throughout the summer. Minimum values were recorded during November and December for both regions. Maximum oleic acid occurrence did not coincide with the peak of the grazing season. Most of the polyunsaturated acids varied seasonally but marked regional differences were not observed. In general the latter constituents occurred in amounts comparable to those reported elsewhere. With the exception of the non-conjugated dienoic acids, summer values were high and winter values low. Conjugated tetraenoic acids were found in all butterfats but in trace amounts only.

scholarly journals Estimation of Various Physicochemical Properties of Walnut Oil from Different Areas of Northern Kpk, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Uddin ◽  
Nasir Mehmood Khan ◽  
Farman Ali ◽  
Shujaat Ahamd ◽  
Zia Ullah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Walnut Oil ◽  
Iodine Values

Abstract. In this study, the physicochemical properties of walnut (Juglans regia L.) oils collected from different sites in Khyber PakhtoonKhwa (KPK), Pakistan were investigated. The obtained walnut oils showed variation in viscosity, surface tension, density, acid, saponification, and iodine values. The oil obtained from the Madyan (Sample E) showed the lowest density (0.981 g/cm3), surface tension (34.76×10-3 N/m), viscosity (15.0595 cp) saponification values 84.15 (mg KOH/g of oil) and acid value 3.5 (mg KOH per gram oil) amongst all. The physicochemical properties of all the oils were also compared to olive oil (standard) where sample E showed similarities in such properties compared to olive oil. Moreover, higher concentrations of oleic acid (41 %) and linoleic acid (9 %) were detected in the walnut oil of sample E in GC/MS analysis. The similarities of walnut oil obtained from Madyan to that of standard (olive oil) thus affirm it as best quality oil and suitable for food processing purposes.      Resumen. En este estudio se investigaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas del aceite de nuez (Juglans regia L.) recolectado de diferentes sitios en Khyber PakhtoonKhwa (KPK), Pakistán. Los aceites de nuez obtenidos mostraron variación en los valores de viscosidad, tensión superficial, densidad, acidez, saponificación e índice de yodo. El aceite obtenido del Madyan (Muestra E) mostró la menor densidad (0.981 g/cm3), tensión superficial (34.76 × 10-3 N/m), viscosidad (15.0595 cp), valores de saponificación 84.15 (mg KOH/g de aceite) y valor ácido 3.5 (mg KOH por gramo de aceite) entre otros. Las propiedades fisicoquímicas de todos los aceites también se compararon con el aceite de oliva (estándar); la muestra E mostró similitudes en las diferentes propiedades en comparación con el aceite de oliva. Además, se determinaron concentraciones más elevadas de ácido oleico (41 %) y ácido linoleico (9 %) en el aceite de nuez de la muestra E mediante el análisis GC/MS. Las similitudes del aceite de nuez obtenido de Madyan con el estándar (aceite de oliva) lo afirman como aceite de mejor calidad y adecuado para el procesamiento de alimentos.

Antibiotic use in ambulatory care in Europe (ESAC data 1997–2002): trends, regional differences and seasonal fluctuations

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique M. Elseviers ◽  
Matus Ferech ◽  
Robert H. Vander Stichele ◽  
Herman Goossens ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ambulatory Care ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations

scholarly journals The Neolithic

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Holm
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Time Period ◽  
South Sweden ◽  
Cultural Structures

Publications from the time period 1986-1990 concerning the Neolithic are characterized by variation. This is seen in the different approaches and regional differences based on various archaeological conditions. Studies of settlements and economic/social aspects of the societies are in majority together with an emphasis on neolithisation processes. Some studies concern theoretical approaches and methods and applications. South Sweden, with Scania in focus, is the most well-documented region, with regional variations in the archaeological record interpreted as cultural and social differences. In central Sweden comparatively few contributions discuss problems of settlements and social and cultural structures. In Norrland, finally, differences in the archaeological record between and within coastal and inland regions are evident, signifying various Neolithic groups.

631. Variations in iodine value of milk fats

1956 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Mayhead ◽  
C. R. Barnicoat
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Iodine Values ◽  
Long Chain

Iodine values of milk fats of grazing cows show wide variations which are chiefly determined by differences in oleic acid content. Among the factors promoting the variations are: individuality of the cow, stage of lactation, breed differences, diurnal and incidental (irregular) day-to-day effects, nature of the food and plane of nutrition.Results of experiments with feeding an unsaturated vegetable oil indicate that considerable proportions of the unsaturated long chain acids of milk fat were derived from the ingested oil. It is deduced that herbage lipids may contribute materially to the production of milk fat of grazing cows.From comparisons of the extents to which dietary long chain unsaturated acids are incorporated into milk fats of grazing and semi-fasting cows, it would appear that the rise in iodine value following partial inanition does not result from increased uptake of fatty acids withdrawn from the more highly unsaturated glycerides of the body reserves.

scholarly journals Regional Variations in Chronic Rhinosinusitis, 2003–2006

2009 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy M. Smith ◽  
Terence M. Davidson ◽  
Claire Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Care Survey ◽  
Ambulatory Medical Care

OBJECTIVES: 1. Characterize patient visits for chronic rhinosinusitis on the basis of age, gender, race, diagnostic services, and medication use. 2. Evaluate regional differences in patient visits for chronic rhinosinusitis. STUDY DESIGN: Analysis of cross-sectional survey data from two national databases of ambulatory medical encounters. SETTING: Not applicable. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Four years (2003–2006) of data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were analyzed. Visits involving chronic rhinosinusitis were identified by using reported diagnostic codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision. They were weighted to provide national estimates of care. Data were analyzed with the Pearson χ2 test using the SPSS 16.2 Complex Samples Module, taking into account the complex survey design and multiple time periods. RESULTS: A total of 4617 patient visits for chronic rhinosinusitis were identified, accounting for 1.95 percent of all visits. With the application of weights to this sample, these visits represent 91.2 million national visits. A significantly higher proportion of visits in the South involved African Americans (Pearson χ2 = 69.5, F = 6.7, df = 2.8, 2118, P < 0.01). Significantly fewer diagnostic services were provided or ordered in the Northeast (Pearson χ2 = 64.8, F = 4.0, df = 4.3, 3247, P < 0.01). Providers in the Northeast were also significantly less likely to order or renew more than three medications at the visit (Pearson χ2 = 54.0, F = 3.1, df = 2.6, 1930, P < 0.05). No regional differences were seen for age, gender, or setting type. CONCLUSION: Significant regional variations exist for chronic rhinosinusitis in patient demographics, diagnosis, and management. Continuing research is needed to refine physician awareness, evaluation, and treatment of this disorder.

The last year of life in Europe: regional variations in functional status and sources of support

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARSTEN HANK ◽  
HENDRIK JÜRGES
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Sources Of Support ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Dying At Home ◽  
To Receive

ABSTRACTThis article aims to provide an initial account of the life circumstances of older people in 11 continental European countries during the year prior to their deaths. It focuses on regional variations in functional limitations and sources of support. Using logistic regression we analyse data from 523 end-of-life interviews in 2006–07, collected for the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (Wave 2) about the respondents who had died since the baseline data collection in 2004–05. The prevalence of functional limitations was found to be fairly consistent across Northern, Central and Southern Europe. Significant regional differences existed, however, with regard to the deceased respondents' main sources of support and the locations of their deaths. Northern Europeans were the least likely to receive help from their family only and the most likely to be supported by non-kin. They also exhibited the highest risk of dying in a nursing home. In Mediterranean countries, a pattern of exclusive family support and dying at home prevailed. The findings support the notion of a ‘mixed responsibility’ of families and welfare states as providers of support for older people in the last year of life.

The influence of seasonal pasture production and grazing management on seasonal wool growth

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (18) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Summer Minimum ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The wool growth by Merino ewes grazed on sown annual pastures and by Merino weaners grazed on sown perennial pastures was measured at six-weekly intervals for three years. The ewes were from four groups with different grazing treatments and the weaners were from two grazing treatments. Wool was clipped from tattooed mid-side areas and the weight of clean, oven-dry wool in each sample was determined and staple length and fibre diameter measured. In all pears and in all groups of sheep there were seasonal fluctuations in weight, length, and fibre diameter of the wool. Growth was rapid during autumn and late spring but retarded during winter and summer. With few exceptions the summer and winter minima were not significantly different. The exceptions were mainly due to the summer minimum for a group being less than the winter minimum for the same group ; only in two cases was the summer minimum significantly greater than the winter minimum, and in both of these there was drought during the autumn and winter. The results, obtained at Canberra, A.C.T., are considered representative of the southern and central tablelands of New South Wales.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and fatty acid contents in farmed freshwater prawns

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1115-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina de Gasperi Portella ◽  
Léa Silvia Sant'Ana ◽  
Wagner Cotroni Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acids

The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition and fatty acid contents of Amazonian and giant river prawns. After four-month farming, with the same diet for both species, palmitic and stearic acids were the main saturated fatty acids. Oleic acid was the main monounsatured fatty acid, and the eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were the most abundant polyunsaturated acids. Amazonian prawn has higher levels of protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids than those of the giant river prawn, which shows its potential for aquaculture.

Studies on the properties of New Zealand butterfats: V. The effect of stage of lactation

1962 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. McDowall
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Regular Pattern ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Regular Change ◽  
Iodine Values ◽  
Comparison Period

SummaryMilk and butterfat yields, and the properties of butterfats from the milks, were compared in three successive years for early- and late-calving cows of monozygotic twin pairs grazed on the same pastures, over the period when both cows of the twin pairs were in lactation.The seasonal fluctuations in the properties of the butterfat were closely similar for the two groups of cows in all three trials. This was taken to indicate that the known regular pattern of seasonal change in the properties of New Zealand butterfat over all North Island districts is not due to change in stage of lactation of the cows but is probably the result of a regular change in the feeding conditions.The average milk and butterfat yields were lower for the early-calving cows during the comparison period, the iodine values were higher, and the Reichert and saponification values were lower. The early-calving cows were uniformly heavier than the late-calving cows. It is suggested that the consistent differences in the butterfat characteristics over the whole comparison period could be due to differences in the extent to which body fat reserves were drawn upon by the cows for maintenance of lactation.The average carotene and vitamin A contents of the butterfats were not appreciably different for the two groups of cows, indicating that these values are not directly related to stage of lactation of the cows or to yield of milk or butterfat.

Regional differences in protein production by human adipose tissue

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Arner
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Activator Inhibitor

Human adipose tissue has an important protein secretory function. Cytokines, hormones, prohormones and enzymes are secreted from fat cells and act in an endocrine or paracrine fashion. The production of several of these proteins is affected by obesity; normally there is an increase in the obese state. Protein production is, as a metabolic activity, subject to regional variations. In particular, the production of leptin, angiotensinogen, interleukin-6 and plasmin activator inhibitor-1 differs between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue sites, but no regional differences have been reported in the production of tumour necrosis factor α. It is possible that regional variations in protein production by adipose tissue are of importance in some of the endocrine and metabolic disturbances seen in various forms of obesity, such as visceral and upper-body obesity.

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