Chemical composition and biological value of proteins of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica growing on industrial glycerol

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Michalik ◽  
W. Biel ◽  
R. Lubowicki ◽  
E. Jacyno
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
Yeast Yarrowia Lipolytica

Michalik, B., Biel, W., Lubowicki, R. and Jacyno, E. 2014. Chemical composition and biological value of proteins of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica growing on industrial glycerol. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 99–104. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and biological value of proteins from the yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica, after cultivation on glycerol, a waste product obtained in the production of biofuel from rapeseed. In the tested material we determined moisture, crude protein, ether extract, nitrogen-free extract (NFE), ash, calcium, phosphorus, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, amino acids and fatty acids. The biological value of Y. lipolytica and Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins was determined with laboratory rats by two methods: the growth method (protein efficiency ratio standardized for casein, PERstand; net protein retention, NPR) and the Thomas–Mitchell method (biological value, BV; true digestibility, TD). The protein content of Y. lipolytica [467 g kg−1 dry matter (DM)] was similar to that of S. cerevisiae (479 g kg−1 DM). Of particular interest was the almost 30-times higher crude fat content in Y. lipolytica (200 g kg−1 DM) than in S. cerevisiae (6.7 g kg−1 DM). Yarrowica lipolytica cells accumulated substantial amount of fat in which more than 90% of fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids with a considerable share of polyunsaturated fatty acids (34%). The low share of sulfur amino acid of Y. lipolytica (2.05 g 16g−1 N) and S. cerevisiae (2.32 g 16g−1 N) limited the nutritional value of the protein of the studied yeast. The biological value of proteins as assessed by the growth method (PER, NPR) did not differ between the two yeast species. Finally, Y. lipolytica was a rich source of highly digestible ether extract (over 57%).

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization changes the productivity and chemical composition of Brown and Golden flax grains

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl3) ◽  
pp. 3565
Author(s):  
Milene Puntel Osmari ◽  
João Pedro Velho ◽  
Marjana Chantal Waechter ◽  
Rodrigo Rutz ◽  
Francilaine Eloise de Marchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract

Nitrogen fertilization can be used to increase production for area, as well as to improve the grains nutritional value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of two linseed cultivars (Brown and Golden) submitted to increasing doses of nitrogen fertilization in a completely randomized design. The Brown and Golden flax sowing was in April 2014, using 40 kg of viable seeds ha-1 and 100 kg ha-1 of diammonium phosphate (16-46-00) as fertilizer. It was evaluated the increasing doses of N fertilization in the cover: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg of N ha-1, applied in the urea form. For the fatty acids (FA) analysis, a composite sample of each variety was performed for the treatment 0 and 200 kg N ha-1. The composite samples were grounded in a multi-use mill with cooling jacket. The cooling was aimed to avoid the heating of the samples during their processing, in order to reduce the chances of FA profile alterations. The application of nitrogen positively influenced the production of grains and oil ha-1 of the cultivars, improved the Brown flax dry matter in vitro digestibility and the Golden flax neutral detergent fiber, ether extract and crude protein amounts. The cultivar Brown flax presented higher production of grains and oil ha-1 when compared to Golden flax, which presented lower neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, total carbohydrates and higher amounts of ether extract. The Golden flax was nutritionally healthier, as it presented higher proportions of C18:3 n3, unsaturated fatty acids, unsaturated/saturated fatty acids and hypocholesterolemic index. Both cultivars have potential ingredients to be used in animal feed, aiming to improve the quality of the final product.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF Citrus hystryx AS FAT PROTECTOR ON UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS, CHOLESTEROL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LAMB MEAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Tiven ◽  
I. P. Siwa ◽  
L. Joris
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Lamb Meat ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Range Test

This study was conducted to determine the effect of Citrus hystrix as fat protector on unsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol and chemical composition of lamb meat. The research design applied was completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 5 replications. Fifteen local male lambs aged 9-12 months weighing 14-17 kg, were divided into 3 groups of different diet treatments (P0 : sheeps were only given a basal diet; P1 : sheeps are given basal diet and 3% cooking oil; P2 : sheeps are given basal diet, 3% cooking oil and protected by 3% Citrus hystrix powder). The data were analyzed by analysis of variance, the differences among treatments were tested by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. The results showed meat from sheeps that consume P2 diet has a total fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids content were higher (P

scholarly journals Amaranthus Cruentus Taxonomy, Botanical Description, and Review of its Seed Chemical Composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1984414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wolosik ◽  
Agnieszka Markowska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
High Protein Content ◽  
Botanical Description ◽  
Significant Chemical

Among 60-70 species of Amaranthaceae, only three are grain-producing species and Amaranthus cruentus is one of them. It stands out for its significant chemical composition. The high protein content and amino acid composition give amaranth medicinal benefits such as cholesterol lowering, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-allergic, and antihypertensive activity. The fixed oil yield obtained by cold-pressing the grain is only 7-8%, but these lipids are valuable due to the presence of unsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, phytosterols, and squalene, which are not present in the same composition in other common oils. Among them, squalene is highly desirable.

RUMINAL AND FECAL FATTY ACIDS AND APPARENT RATION DIGESTIBILITY IN LAMBS AS AFFECTED BY DIETARY FATTY ACIDS

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Clarke ◽  
W. K. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract

Two metabolism experiments were conducted with rumen-fistulated sheep to study effects of increasing dietary levels of unsaturated fatty acids upon ration digestibility and rumen-fluid volatile fatty acids. Apparent digestibility of ration components was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by diet. However, crude fat digestibility values, which include fecal soap excretion, were 11–19 digestion units lower than comparable ether extract values. When diets high in unsaturated fatty acids were fed, the rumen and fecal levels of these acids were lower than dietary levels, suggesting that hydrogenation of C-18 polyethnoid fatty acids was occurring. Fecal soap excretion was affected very little by dietary unsaturated fatty acids, but stearic acid proportion of fecal soaps increased as the level of dietary unsaturated fatty acids increased. The ratios of acetic to propionic acid gradually decreased as the unsaturated fatty acids of the ration increased in one experiment, but in the other experiment no consistent pattern was observed.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and resistance to oxidation of high-oleic rapeseed oil pressed from microwave pre-treated intact and de-hulled seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rękas ◽  
M. Wroniak ◽  
A. Siger ◽  
I. Ścibisz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Resistance To Oxidation ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Phytochemical Contents

The influence of a microwave (MV) pre-treatment (3, 6, 9 min, 800W) on the physicochemical properties of high-oleic rapeseed oil prepared from intact (HORO) and de-hulled seeds (DHORO) was investigated in this study. A control DHORO contained higher levels of total tocopherols and carotenoids, while higher concentrations of total phenolic compounds and chlorophylls were detected in the HORO. The MV pre-treatment caused a decrease in the unsaturated fatty acids content that was more evident for the DHOROs. The microwaving time significantly affected phytochemical contents and the color of both types of oils. A vast increase in canolol concentration was noticeable following 9 min of microwaving, which increased 506- and 155-fold in the HORO and DHORO, respectively. At the same time, the antioxidant capacity of oil produced from MV pre-treated seeds for 9 min was nearly 4 times higher than that of the control oil for both types of oils

scholarly journals REDUCING CALORIES OF MARGARINS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Calorie Content ◽  
The Stability

The goal is to reduce the calorie content of margarines by changing the composition and fat base. In this regard, we studied the change in caloric content and the content of trans-acids in margarines with a change in their fat content. To reduce calorie content, the fat base of margarine was also reduced to 60%, and to increase the biological value of the product, it was enriched with highly unsaturated fatty acids. It was determined that with an increase in the number of unsaturated fatty acids and a decrease in the margarine fat content, the stability of the emulsion deteriorates. To increase the durability of low-calorie margarine emulsions, it is necessary to increase the flow rate of the emulsifier or enrich it with other functional substances.

scholarly journals Improvement of Chemical Composition of Tisochrysis lutea Grown Mixotrophically under Nitrogen Depletion towards Biodiesel Production

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4609
Author(s):  
Adel W. Almutairi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Nitrogen Depletion ◽  
Tisochrysis Lutea ◽  
The Impact

In the present study, the marine microalga Tisochrysis lutea was cultivated mixotrophically in F2 growth medium with sodium acetate as exogenous carbon source. The medium was composed of different concentrations of nitrogen to determine the impact of nitrogen depletion on cellular growth and chemical composition. Nitrogen depletion led to severely decreased growth and protein content. However, mild nitrogen depletion (0.22 mM NaNO3) led to maximum lipid yield. The fatty acid methyl ester profile also showed increased unsaturation as the nitrogen content decreased. Growth in nitrogen-free medium increased the proportions of mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, while the proportion of saturated fatty acids decreased. Growth under all tested nitrogen levels showed undetectable fatty acids with ≥4 double bonds, indicating these fatty acids had oxidative stability. In addition, all tested nitrogen concentrations led to specific gravity, kinematic viscosity, iodine value, and cetane number that meet the standards for Europe and the U.S.A. However, growth in the presence of nitrogen deficiency enhanced the higher heating value of the resulting biodiesel, a clear advantage from the perspective of energy efficiency. Thus, mixotrophic cultivation of T. lutea with nitrogen limitation provides a promising approach to achieve high lipid productivity and production of high-quality biodiesel.

Effects of soybean meal versus processed whole soybean diets on the performance of young bulls and the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1435
Author(s):  
C. V. R. Oliveira ◽  
J. P. Schoonmaker ◽  
D. R. Casagrande ◽  
O. R. Machado Neto ◽  
V. A. A. Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Ground Soybean ◽  
Daily Gain

Context It is hypothesised that the use of processed soybean for feedlot beef cattle improves feed efficiency and produces beef with a better fatty acid profile for human health. Aims This study aimed to evaluate average daily gain, feed efficiency, carcass traits, chemical composition, fatty acid profile and colour in the beef of young bulls fed diets with ground or extruded soybean. Methods A total of 60 young Zebu bulls (Nellore or Nellore crossed with other Zebu breeds) with an average initial liveweight of 320 ± 8.12 kg and an average initial age of 20 ± 2 months were randomly assigned to receive one of the following diets for 84 days: dehulled and defatted soybean meal (3.22% of ether extract), ground soybean (6.51% of ether extract) or extruded soybean (6.37% of ether extract). The fatty acid profiles of these animals were analysed using high-resolution gas chromatography. The CIE L*a*b* colour space model was used to numerically describe the colour during the aging period (0, 7, 14 and 21 days). Key results Diet had no effect on the average daily gain, feed efficiency or carcass traits of the animals (P > 0.05). Protein, ether extract and ash composition of the Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle were not affected (P > 0.30) by the use of processed soybean grains. The ground soybean diet decreased oleic acid and C18:2 c9, t11 concentrations, but increased C18:2 t10, c12 and trans-octadecenoic acid isomer concentrations in the LL muscle compared with those in the dehulled and defatted soybean meal and extruded soybean diets (P < 0.05). Muscle from bulls fed processed soybean exhibited greater concentrations of stearic acid and saturated fatty acids, and a lower concentration of unsaturated fatty acids, as well as a decreased unsaturated fatty acids:saturated fatty acids ratio (P < 0.05). Processed soybean grains did not affect (P > 0.05) the LL muscle pH or colour. Conclusions The use of ground or extruded soybean did not affect the performance, carcass traits, LL protein, ether extract or ash composition, and had no impact on beef colour compared with the diet containing soybean meal. Processed whole soybeans in the diet did not increase unsaturated fatty acids or conjugated linoleic acid in beef compared with a diet without soybean meal. Implications Up to 20% of ground or extruded soybean in feedlot beef cattle can be used as a replacement for soybean meal and corn.

Bioconversion of volatile fatty acids into lipids by the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica

2012 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Fontanille ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Gwendoline Christophe ◽  
Régis Nouaille ◽  
Christian Larroche
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleaginous Yeast ◽  
Yeast Yarrowia Lipolytica
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