Changes in tenderness and cathepsins activity during post mortem ageing of yak meat

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Chun Tian ◽  
Ling Han ◽  
Qun-Li Yu ◽  
Xi-Xiong Shi ◽  
Wen-Ting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Texture Profile Analysis ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Meat Tenderness ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Texture Profile ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Meat Tenderization ◽  
Water Holding

Tian, J.-C., Han, L., Yu, Q.-L., Shi, X.-X. and Wang, W.-T. 2013. Changes in tenderness and cathepsins activity during post mortem ageing of yak meat. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 321–328. Very little research has been conducted on yak meat tenderization. In this study we investigated the changes in physical characteristics (e.g., pH, water-holding capacity, texture profile analysis, shear force) and cathepsins L, B and H activities in the tenderization process. These traits were quantified in longissimus dorsi muscle from 10 yaks during 192 h post mortem. Samples were aged at 4°C for 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 120, 168 and 192 h. pH decreased (P<0.05) from 6.84 to 5.54 in the first 72 h and did not change significantly during the next 120 h. Water-holding capacity showed an overall decreasing trend (P<0.05). Shear force decreased? (P<0.05) and myofibrillar fragmentation index increased? (P<0.05), and it was concluded that ageing can improve yak meat tenderness. Our results on texture profile analysis showed a decrease in hardness (P<0.05), springiness (P<0.05) and chewiness (P<0.05), reflected in a progressive softening during ageing (P<0.05). Cathepsins L, B and H activity showed an increased trend (P<0.05). In conclusion, our results show potential roles for cathepsins L, B and H in the tenderization process. This study provides further insights into the tenderization process of yak meat, which may ultimately be used for the advantageous manipulation of the process.

Effect of intended purpose (dairy/beef production) on beef quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lizaso ◽  
M. J. Beriain ◽  
A. Horcada ◽  
J. Chasco ◽  
A. Purroy
Keyword(s):  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Meat Tenderness ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Beef Quality ◽  
Texture Profile ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Intended Purpose ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Water Holding

Lizaso, G., Beriain, Ma. J., Horcada, A., Chasco, J. and Purroy, A. 2011. Effect of intended purpose (dairy/beef production) on beef quality. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 97–102. Fifteen Pirenaica (beef) heifers and fifteen Holstein-Friesian (dairy) heifers were compared to consider the effect of intended purpose of the breed on meat quality. Animals were slaughtered at around 12.4 mo of age. Carcass weight was 247.6 kg for Pirenaica and 229.2 kg for Holstein-Friesian heifers. pH24hours, moisture, fat, protein, ash, water holding capacity, CIE L*a*b* and C* and H* values, collagen content, and shear force were determined in longissimus dorsi muscle. Sensory analysis of meat was performed to obtain the texture profile, scored by a trained taste panel. Sensorial differences of meat were mainly in relation to higher fat content observed in Holstein-Friesian (2.87%) vs. Pirenaica breed (1.82%) (P<0.01). Total and soluble collagen contents for the two breeds differed (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively) but did not result in different meat tenderness scores by taste panelists. Higher water-holding capacity in meat of Holstein-Friesian was observed (P<0.01). CIE L*a*b*, coordinates C* and H* values were not different between breeds. Sustained juiciness and oiliness were higher in Holstein-Friesian than Pirenaica (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Results suggest that beef characteristics of young heifers of dairy and beef breeds are similar with the exception of characteristics related to juiciness.

scholarly journals Retail Packaging Affects Colour, Water Holding Capacity, Texture and Oxidation of Sheep Meat more than Breed and Finishing Feed

Foods ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Minh Ha ◽  
Robyn Dorothy Warner ◽  
Caitlin King ◽  
Sida Wu ◽  
Eric N. Ponnampalam
Keyword(s):  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Texture Profile ◽  
Sheep Meat ◽  
Camelina Meal ◽  
Finishing Feed ◽  
Water Holding

This study investigated the CIELab colour, water holding capacity, texture and oxidative stability of sheep meat from different breeds, finishing feeds, and retail packaging methods. Leg primal cuts from a subset of Composite wether lambs (n = 21) and Merino wether yearlings (n = 21) finished on a standard diet containing grain and cereal hay, a standard diet with camelina forage, or a standard diet with camelina meal, were used in this study. Semimembranosus and Vastus lateralis were packaged in vacuum skin packaging (VSP), or modified atmosphere packaging with 80% O2 and 20% CO2 (HioxMAP), or with 50% O2, 30% N2, and 20% CO2 (TrigasMAP). Packaging had a greater effect (p < 0.001) on L*, a*, b*, hue, and chroma than the effects from breed and finishing feed. Purge loss was affected by packaging. Cooking loss was affected by breed for Semimembranosus and packaging for both muscle types. HioxMAP and TrigasMAP increased WBSF and Texture Profile Analysis hardness of the meat compared to VSP. Lipid oxidation, assessed by TBARS, were lower in camelina forage or camelina meal supplemented diets and TrigasMAP compared to standard diet and HioxMAP, respectively. Total carbonyl and free thiol content were lower in VSP. Thus, supplementing feed with camelina forage or meal and lowering oxygen content in retail packaging by TrigasMAP or VSP are recommended to ensure optimal sheep meat quality.

scholarly journals Fresh and matured lamb meat quality fed with sunflower seeds and vitamin E

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Oliveira Sales ◽  
Américo Garcia da Silva Sobrinho ◽  
Nivea Maria Brancacci Lopes Zeola ◽  
Natália Ludmila Lins Lima ◽  
Gabriela Milani Manzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Lamb Meat ◽  
Water Holding

The objective of the study is to evaluate meat quality from Ile de France lamb fed diets supplemented with sunflower seeds and vitamin E. Thirty-two lamb weighing initially 15kg were housed in individual stalls and slaughtered when body weight reached 32kg. The treatments consisted of four experimental diets: D1) sugarcane + concentrate without sunflower seeds; D2) sugarcane + concentrate with sunflower seeds; D3) sugarcane + concentrate without sunflower seeds plus 1000mg vitamin E kg-1 diet dry matter (DM); and D4) sugarcane + concentrate with sunflower seeds and 1000mg vitamin E kg-1 diet DM. The parameters temperature, pH, color, cooking loss, shear force and water holding capacity were determined at maturation times of 0, 7 and 14 days on the Longissimus dorsi muscle. Qualitative characteristics of the meat were not affected by the sunflower seed combined with vitamin E diet; however, pH 24 hours was affected (P<0.05) by the sunflower seed combined with vitamin E diet. Cooking loss was not significantly influenced (P>0.05) by diet or maturation times. On the other hand, shear force and water holding capacity were significantly affected (P<0.05) by the treatments. The use of vitamin E resulted in lamb meat with higher water holding capacity. Maturation time influenced the parameters pH, color and shear force. Lamb meat that matured for 7 days displayed the lowest shear force.

scholarly journals Influence of the Use of Milk Replacers and pH on the Texture Profiles of Raw and Cooked Meat of Suckling Kids

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Ripoll ◽  
María J. Alcalde ◽  
María G. Córdoba ◽  
Rocío Casquete ◽  
Anastasio Argüello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Texture Profile Analysis ◽  
Texture Profile ◽  
Textural Parameters ◽  
Natural Milk ◽  
Cooked Meat ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Determining Factor

The aim of this work was to study the texture profile of fresh and cooked longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle from suckling kids raised with natural milk or milk replacers. Suckling male kids from eight goat breeds (Florida, FL; Cabra del Guadarrama, GU; Majorera, MA; Palmera, PL; Payoya, PY; Retinta, RE; Tinerfeña, TI; Verata, VE), all of single parturition, were raised with milk replacers (MR) or with natural milk from the dams (NM). The meat pH, Warner-Bratzler shear force, texture profile analysis and chemical composition were determined. Kids were clustered based on their pH by k-means clustering. The effect of the rearing system on the textural profile was strongly modulated by breed. The values of Warner-Bratzler shear force and hardness found in these breeds under both rearing systems were very low. Hence, the toughness of very light suckling kids should not be a determining factor in choosing a breed or rearing system. Nevertheless, the use of milk replacers increased the presence of meat with high pH, which modified the textural parameters, decreasing the shear force but increasing cohesiveness and adhesiveness. Consequently, depending on the commercial strategy of the farm, the election of the breed and rearing system must be considered together.

The effect of breed and sex on the texture of rabbit meat

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Konrad Kozioł ◽  
Zuzanna Siudak ◽  
Sylwia Pałka ◽  
Michał Kmiecik ◽  
Agnieszka Otwinowska-Mindur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Texture Profile Analysis ◽  
Texture Profile ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Rabbit Meat ◽  
Micro Systems

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of breed and sex on texture parameters of rabbit meat. The study was conducted on rabbits of the breeds Belgian Giant Grey (n=30; 18♂, 12♀), Californian Black (n=26: 18♂, 8♀), New Zealand White (n= 19: 12♂, 7♀), Popielno White (n=64; 31♂, 33♀) and Blanc de Termonde (n= 39; 17♂, 22♀). The animals were slaughtered at 12 weeks of age. After 24-hour ageing under refrigeration, samples of the loin (m. longissimus lumborum) were collected for analysis. Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) was performed using a TA.XTplus texture analyser (Stable Micro Systems). Shear force (kg), hardness (kg), springiness, cohesiveness and chewiness (kg) were measured. All texture parameters were calculated automatically using Exponent for Windows ver. 6.1.10.0 (Stable Micro Systems). The analysis showed that the breed significantly influenced only the hardness of the rabbit meat, which was highest for Blanc de Termonde (12.06 kg) and lowest for Belgian Giant Grey (8.87 kg). Sex had no significant influence on texture parameters.

scholarly journals Effect of ageing on the physicochemical properties of musculus longissimus lumborum of young bulls of five breeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 802-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Domaradzki ◽  
Zygmunt Litwińczuk ◽  
Mariusz Florek ◽  
Paweł Żółkiewski
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Water Holding

Recent years have seen increasing interest in the conservation and use of native breeds of livestock raised in traditional farming systems. The experience of many European countries shows that promotion of raw materials and products derived from these breeds through a labelling system has a beneficial effect on the sustainable development of rural areas, contributes to preservation of the cultural heritage of the countryside, and increases the population of the breeds. As yet no beef produced in Poland has been included on the European list of traditional and regional products. For this reason we conducted a study to evaluate selected physicochemical properties of the meat of young bulls of three native breeds, Polish Red, White-Backed and Polish Black-and- White, compared with the meat of young Simmental and Polish Holstein-Friesian bulls, during a 14-day ageing of vacuum-packed meat. The following parameters were measured in m. longissimus lumborum (MLL) taken from half carcasses of 50 young bulls (10 from each breed): pH, electrical conductivity (45 min., 24 h, 2, 7 and 14 days post mortem), colour (according to CIE L*a*b*), shear force and energy. The water-holding capacity of the meat (drip loss, cooking loss and free water by the Grau-Hamm method), TBARS value (on days 2, 7 and 14) and content of haem pigments were determined as well. The physicochemical parameters of the MLL muscle obtained from the native Polish breeds of bulls (Polish Red, White-Backed and Polish Black-and-White) had intermediate values between those of Polish Holstein- Friesian (dairy type) and Simmental (dual-purpose) cattle. No qualitative deviations, such as those associated with DFD syndrome (pH 48 h in the range of 5.51-5.72), were found in any of the samples, which indicates that the raw material is well suited to the production of beef for culinary purposes. The breed of cattle was found to significantly influence the water-holding capacity parameters. The highest (P < 0.001) drip loss was reported on the 14th day post mortem for the MLL of young bulls of the Simmental (6.89%) and Polish Red breeds (6.47%). The highest cooking loss was found on the 7th day post mortem in the MLL of young bulls of the Polish Holstein-Friesian (30.66%) and Simmental breeds (30.92%). Significantly (P < 0.01) the least favourable water-holding capacity (the largest amount of free water) was shown by the muscle of young bulls of the Simmental breed on the 2nd day post mortem (75.31 mg) and the Polish Red breed on the 7th and 14th days post mortem (67.42 mg and 60.36 mg, respectively). On the 2nd and 7th days post mortem, the most tender MLL muscle was found (according to WBSF shear force) in the Polish Holstein-Friesian (76.8 N and 69.3 N) and Polish Black-and-White breeds (89.5 N and 59.1 N). On the last, 14th day of ageing, the instrumental WBSF shear force for the breeds evaluated was definitely more homogeneous and did not differ significantly (shear force in the range of 56.3-65.7 N; P > 0.05). Compared to the muscle of native breeds, that of the Polish Holstein-Friesians showed significantly lower haem pigments (on average 35 ppm less; P < 0.01) and a lower proportion of redness (a*) (P < 0.01) on the 2nd and 7th days post mortem. The MLL muscle of young bulls of the Polish Red breed had the lowest (P < 0.01) percentage content of yellowness (b*) during the whole ageing period. Significantly (P < 0.01) lower oxidative stability (higher TBARS value) was found in the meat from young bulls of the Polish Holstein-Friesian breed (on the 2nd and 7th days post mortem) and the White-Backed breed (on the 14th day) compared to all other breeds analysed. In general, the ageing time had a positive influence on the muscle quality, as the determinants of the visual and sensory attractiveness of the meat, which are also important in the meat industry, remained stable (pH), improved (colour and water-holding capacity G-H) or became more similar among the breeds (tenderness assessed on the basis of shear force, cooking loss)....

scholarly journals A Novel Approach for Tuning the Physicochemical, Textural, and Sensory Characteristics of Plant-Based Meat Analogs with Different Levels of Methylcellulose Concentration

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Allah Bakhsh ◽  
Se-Jin Lee ◽  
Eun-Yeong Lee ◽  
Nahar Sabikun ◽  
Young-Hwa Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Texture Profile ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
A Value ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Meat Analog ◽  
And Control ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Different Levels

This study assessed the effects of Methylcellulose (MC) at different concentrations on plant-based meat analog (PBMA) patties, comprised of commercial texture vegetable protein (C-TVP) and textured isolate soy protein (T-ISP) as key ingredients, and compared to beef patty control. A significantly higher difference was observed in moisture content in control with increasing MC concentration than the C-TVP and T-ISP patties. However, protein varied significantly among three different protein sources, with control had higher protein content than PBMA patties. Crude fiber content recorded higher values in C-TVP as compared to control. Significantly lower pH values were recorded in control than C-TVP and T-ISP respectively. Regardless, with the addition of MC or ingredient PBMA and control patties tend to reduce lightness (L*) and redness (a*) value after cooking. Although control sample before cooking exhibits lighter and redder than PBMA patties (C-TVP and T-ISP). Likewise, water holding capacity (WHC) decreases as the concentration of MC increases (1.5–4%) in control and PBMA patties. Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and texture profile analysis (TPA), including hardness, chewiness, and gumminess of control, were significantly higher than C-TVP and T-ISP. Consequently, panelists’ in the sensory analysis presented that C-TVP patties containing 3% of MC had better sensory properties than T-ISP. Hence, PBMA patties with C-TVP and incorporation of 3% MC are considered ideal for manufacturing of meat analog as related to control (beef).

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