Short Communication: Does the presence of the cow influence the absorption of immunoglobulins by the neonatal dairy calf?

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-352
Author(s):  
D. M. Veira ◽  
N. Chapinal ◽  
A. Nadalin
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Serum Igg Levels

Veira, D. M., Chapinal, N. and Nadalin, A. 2011. Short Communication: Does the presence of the cow influence the absorption of immunoglobulins by the neonatal dairy calf? Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 349–352. Holstein calves were kept with their dams for 0.5, 6 or 24 h after birth. Calves were fed 85 g colostrum kg–1 birth weight 1 h after birth, and were prevented from suckling their dam. At 24 h, all calves had similar serum IgG levels indicating that the presence of their dam had no effect on IgG absorption.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin G response and performance in Holstein calves supplemented with garlic powder and probiotics

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.W. Kekana ◽  
V.F. Nherera-Chokuda ◽  
J.J. Baloyi ◽  
C.M. Muya
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Garlic Powder ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Natural Herb ◽  
Serum Igg Levels ◽  
Faecal Score

The study evaluated the effects of garlic, probiotics, and in combination on levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and growth performance in new-born Holstein calves. Thirty-two Holstein calves were randomly allocated to treatments at four days old and were maintained on them until they were 42 days old. The treatments consisted of control (C), garlic powder at 5 g/calf/day (GA), probiotics at 4 g/calf/day (PB), and the combination of garlic and probiotics (GP). Bodyweight, body length and heart girth measurements were taken to determine growth and blood was drawn to determine glucose and IgG. Faecal score and body temperature were recorded daily. Calves in GA and GP had higher IgG levels than calves in C and PB (28.0 g/L and 27.5 g/L versus 23.5 g/L and 25.5 g/L, respectively). Calves in GP and PB groups had lower faecal scores than C and GA (2.1 and 2.1 versus 2.3 and 2.2, respectively). Supplementation of GA, PB, and in combination did not affect feed intake and growth performance negatively, but improved serum IgG levels. Higher serum IgG in GP may indicate an improved intake and utilisation of nutrients that are responsible for immunity modulation and regulation. Probiotics and their combinations with garlic have the potential to reduce the incidence of diarrhoea when fed to young calves. Keywords: dairy neonates, direct-fed microbes, natural herb

scholarly journals 281 Techniques to estimate colostrum quality and the effects of cow age and pre-partum supplement intake levels on colostrum quality and serum IgG levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 207-208
Author(s):  
Julia M Dafoe ◽  
Samuel Wyffels ◽  
Cory T Parsons ◽  
Boone Carter ◽  
Timothy DelCurto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Rapid City ◽  
Serum Igg Levels ◽  
Supplement Intake

Abstract Our study was conducted to evaluate the influence of cow age and supplement intake level during gestation on the quality of colostrum at calving, serum IgG levels of the cow at parturition, and serum IgG levels of the calf 3 days post-partum using two on-farm refractometer methods. Forty-five non-lactating multiparous Angus cows were selected from a contemporary group of 300 cows winter grazing northern mixed grass prairie rangelands with free choice protein supplement. Specifically, 15 first service bred cows were selected for each of the following treatment groups: 1) low supplement intake (> -0.75 SD); 2) average supplement intake (± 0.50 SD); 3) high supplement intake (> +0.75 SD). Supplement intakes were measured using 8 feeding stations in a SmartFeed Pro self-feeder system (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD) and measurements were obtained from d 164 to 215 of gestation. Cows were further divided by age comparing young (4, 5, and 6 yr) to old (7 and 8 yr). Cow age did not interact with supplement intake for any of the colostrum or blood serum measurements (P ≥ 0.29). In addition, cow age and supplement intake did not influence colostrum Brix %, calf serum total protein taken 3 d post-partum or cow serum total protein taken at birth (P ≥ 0.14). The optical refractometer was found to be a good alternative to the more expensive digital refractometer. When regressing values of the two techniques, they were observed to be correlated (P < 0.01; R = .96). In summary, cow age and supplement intake levels of mature cows during the mid to late stages of gestation did not influence colostrum quality at birth. The lack of colostrum quality differences was likely due to the moderate to good condition of the cows and adequate nutrition 90 d prior to parturition.

The Association Between Porphyromonas gingivalis-Specific Maternal Serum IgG and Low Birth Weight

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 1491-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananda P. Dasanayake ◽  
Doryck Boyd ◽  
Phoebus N. Madianos ◽  
Steven Offenbacher ◽  
Ed Hills
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Igg

scholarly journals Steady-State Serum IgG Trough Levels Are Adequate for Pharmacokinetic Assessment in Patients with Immunodeficiencies Receiving Subcutaneous Immune Globulin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyang Li ◽  
Barbara McCoy ◽  
Werner Engl ◽  
Leman Yel
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Trough Level ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Time Profiles ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Assessment ◽  
Steady State Serum ◽  
Serum Igg Levels ◽  
Trough Levels

AbstractPatients with primary immunodeficiency diseases often require lifelong immunoglobulin (IG) therapy. Most clinical trials investigating IG therapies characterize serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles by serially assessing serum IgG levels. This retrospective analysis evaluated whether steady-state serum IgG trough level measurement alone is adequate for PK assessment. Based on individual patient serum IgG trough levels from two pivotal trials (phase 2/3 European [NCT01412385] and North American [NCT01218438]) of weekly 20% subcutaneous IG (SCIG; Cuvitru, Ig20Gly), trough level-predicted IgG AUC (AUCτ,tp) were calculated and compared with the reported AUC calculated from serum IgG concentration-time profiles (AUCτ). In both studies, mean AUCτ,tp values for Ig20Gly were essentially equivalent to AUCτ with point estimates of geometric mean ratio (GMR) of AUCτ,tp/AUCτ near 1.0 and 90% CIs within 0.80–1.25. In contrast, for IVIG, 10%, mean AUCτ,tp values were lower than AUCτ by >20%, (GMR [90% CI]: 0.74 [0.70–0.78] and 0.77 [0.73–0.81] for the two studies, respectively). Mean AUCτ,tp values calculated for 4 other SCIG products (based on mean IgG trough levels reported in the literature/labels) were also essentially equivalent to the reported AUCτ (differences <10% for all except HyQvia, a facilitated SCIG product), while differences for IVIG products were >20%. In conclusion, steady-state serum IgG levels following weekly SCIG remain stable, allowing for reliable prediction of AUC over the dosing interval using trough IgG levels. These findings indicate that measuring steady-state serum IgG trough levels alone may be adequate for PK assessment of weekly SCIG.

scholarly journals Techniques to estimate colostrum quality and the effects of cow age and prepartum supplement intake levels on colostrum quality and serum IgG levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S137-S140
Author(s):  
Julia M Dafoe ◽  
Samuel A Wyffels ◽  
Cory T Parsons ◽  
Boone H Carter ◽  
Timothy DelCurto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Igg ◽  
Serum Igg Levels ◽  
Supplement Intake

scholarly journals Some Environmental Factors Affecting Birth Weight, Weaning Weight and Daily Live Weight Gain of Holstein Calves

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdal Yaylak ◽  
Hikmet Orhan ◽  
Alim Daşkaya
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Holstein Calves

The present study was conducted to determine some environmental factors affecting birth weight, weaning weight and daily live weight gain of Holstein calves of a livestock facility in Izmir, Turkey. The data on 2091 calves born between the years 2005-2010 were used to assess the relevant parameters. Effects of calving year, calving month, calf gender and the interaction between calving year and calving month on calves’ birth weights were highly significant. The overall mean of birth weights was 39.6±0.15 kg. In addition, effects of calving year, calving month, gender, birth weight, weaning age, calving year x calving month, calving year x gender and calving year x calving month x gender interactions on weaning weight (WW) and daily live weight gain (DLWG) were highly significant. The overall means of WW and DLWG were respectively found to be 79.7±0.20 kg and 525±2.5 g. A one kilogram increase in birth weight resulted in an increase of 0.89 kg in weaning weight and a decrease of 1.26 g in daily live weight gain. Prenatal temperature-humidity index (THI) affected birth weight of calves (R2=0.67). Increasing THI from 50 to 80 resulted in 3.8 kg decrease in birth weight.

scholarly journals Correlation of vaccine-elicited antibody levels and neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbiao Liu ◽  
Brittany H Bodnar ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Fengzhen Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
Effective Immune Response ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
High Level ◽  
Protection Against Infection ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Serum Igg Levels ◽  
Igg Level

Both Pfizer-BNT162b2 and Moderna-mRNA-1273 vaccines can elicit an effective immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the elicited serum antibody levels vary substantially and longitudinally decrease after vaccination. We examined the correlation of vaccination-induced IgG levels and neutralization titers against newly emerged variants remains and demonstrate a significant reduction of neutralization activities against the variants (B.1.1.7, B.1.525, and B.1.351) in Pfizer or Moderna vaccined sera. There was a significant and positive correlation between serum IgG levels and ID50 titers for not only SARS-CoV-2 WT but also the variants. These findings indicate that a high level of anti-spike IgG may offer better protection against infection from SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Therefore, it is necessary to longitudinally monitor specific serum IgG level for evaluating the protective efficacy of the vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and its new variants.

Dwindled serum IgG levels of Rubella, Diphtheria toxin, Hepatitis B virus and Tetanus Toxoid after chemotherapy; a report from Iranian children with malignancy

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazem Ghaffari ◽  
Simin Sarlak ◽  
Abdorrahim Absalan ◽  
Roghayeh Rahimi Afzal ◽  
Aygin Eghbali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Iranian Children ◽  
Serum Igg Levels

Backgrounds: Epigenetic regulation such as DNA methylation plays a major role in chromatin organization Background: Chemotherapy suppresses immunoglobulin production as a result of cell toxicity. Decreased immunoglobulin levels can result in the onset of opportunistic infections. The aim of the current study is to compare the immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels of the selected vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) before and six months after chemotherapy in a group of Iranian children with malignancies. Materials and Methods: In this interventional study, serum levels of Rubella, Diphtheria toxin, Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Tetanus Toxoid, Mumps, and Measles IgG were measured in 30 children with malignancy and previously vaccinated for these diseases. Six months after chemotherapy, serum IgG levels were reassessed and compared with their corresponding pre-chemotherapy levels. Results: In this study, 17 (56.7%) male and 13 (43.3%) female were included. The mean age was 7.69±3.09 years. After chemotherapy, Rubella IgG levels dropped from 73.88±85.11 to 56.59±72.84 IU/mL (P<0.05; r= 0.956; 33.4% become serum negative (SN)). Diphtheria toxin IgG was diminished from 0.683±0.454 to 0.174±0.248 IU/mL (P<0.05; r=0.601; 26.7% SN). Anti-HBV IgG showed a reduction from 46.26±101.56 to 25.56±80.49 IU/mL (p<0.05; r= 0.524; 60% SN) and Anti-Tetanus Toxoid IgG fell down from 1.031±0.582 to 0.321±0.408 IU/mL (p<0.05; r= 0.365; 33.4% SN). Anti-Measles and Anti-Mumps IgGs showed no significant change (p>0.05). Conclusion: Pediatric chemotherapy was associated with dropped serum IgG levels of most VPDs. A good correlation was also observed between serum levels of IgG before and six months after chemotherapy. Revaccination of children with malignancies may be necessary upon declined serum IgG titers.

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