Geographic determinants of copper and molybdenum concentrations in serum at the end of the grazing season and associations with reproductive performance in beef cows from western Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Van De Weyer ◽  
Cheryl Waldner
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Soil Color ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Feed Samples

Van De Weyer, L. M. and Waldner, C. L. 2011. Geographic determinants of copper and molybdenum concentrations in serum at the end of the grazing season and associations with reproductive performance in beef cows from western Canada. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 423–431. Serum concentrations of Cu and Mo were measured at the end of the summer grazing season in an observational field study of 783 breeding females from 66 cow-calf herds located in western Canada. The mean Cu concentration was 0.82 ppm (S, 0.30 ppm) and the mean Mo concentration was 0.056 ppm (S, 0.055 ppm). Serum Cu concentration differed across ecoregions (P=0.013). Serum Mo concentrations varied by ecoregion (P =0.002), soil type (P =0.011), soil color (P=0.018), and total precipitation during the growing season (P =0.004). Copper and Mo serum concentrations at the end of the grazing season were not associated with reproductive outcomes. Herd location is an important determinant of the risk of primary and secondary Cu deficiency and can inform the need for trace mineral testing of feed samples as well as supplementation.

Adverse effects on reproductive performance and lameness of feeding grazing dairy cows partially on silage indoors

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Health Management ◽  
High Standard ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
North Wales ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows

SUMMARYEighty autumn-calving (A) and 82 spring-calving (S) British Friesian cows were divided during the grazing season into two groups: one group received silage overnight indoors and grazed herbage during the day (partial storage feeding, P) and the other was conventionally set-stocked (C). The effects of the four treatments (AC, AP, SC and SP) on reproductive performance and herd health are reported for the 27-week grazing season and the subsequent 25-week housed period in 1985/86 in North Wales. Calving to conception interval was not affected by treatment but, in treatment SP, pregnancy rate to all services was lower and number of barren cows was greater than in the other treatments. Partial storage feeding increased the incidence of under-run heel and laminitis in the early part of the grazing season, and this was reflected in poorer locomotion. Treatment SC resulted in an increased incidence of punctured sole with pus later in the grazing season. Both autumn-calving treatments resulted in a large decrease in lameness and poor locomotion at drying off, but these increased in the autumn before housing. The mean duration of each lameness incident was 1·88 months and, in 40 out of 97 incidents, lameness was preceded by uneven gait. The incidence of lameness and poor locomotion was low for all treatments throughout the housed period. It is concluded that a high standard of buildings and reproductive and herd health management is necessary for partial storage feeding to be practised successfully.

The effect of body condition, feed level and temporary calf separation on the post-partum anoestrous period and LH and FSH levels in beef cows

1997 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 26-26
Author(s):  
I.A. Wright ◽  
A.J.F. Russel ◽  
T.K. Whyte ◽  
A.J. McBean
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Farm Livestock

Compared with other species of farm livestock the reproductive performance of beef cows is poor. Mating and calving periods are frequently extended to avoid having a large proportion of barren Cows. vs. For example the ‘average’ MLC recorded herd has a calving period of over 4months. This makes management of beef cow herds difficult and has a deleterious effect on biological efficiency and profitability.One of the major limitations to improvement of reproductive efficiency in beef cattle is the extended post-partum anoestrus. Beef cows have longer post-partum anoestrous periods than dairy cows. In one study of three different herds (Peters and Riley, 1982) the mean length of the anovulatory period ranged from 24 to 88 days.

scholarly journals Serum and liver copper, iron, molybdenum and zinc concentration in goats and sheep in the state of Paraíba, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1313-1316
Author(s):  
Tatiane R. Silva ◽  
Pierre C. Soares ◽  
Antonio F.M. Dantas ◽  
Allan V.S. Marques ◽  
Emanuel Felipe O. Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
The State ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Ingestion

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine Cu, Fe, Mo, and Zn liver and serum concentration in sheep and goats raised in the rangelands of the semiarid region of the state of Paraíba, Brazil, during the dry and rainy seasons, and to establish if Cu deficiency is primary or secondary to high ingestion of Mo or Fe. Cu, Zn, Mo and Fe concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry coupled to mass (ICP-Plasma) in 253 liver and serum samples randomly selected in a slaughterhouse. The mean serum concentrations of Cu in the goats and sheep were 11.82±3.28μmol/L and 10.97±3.61μmol/L respectively. The liver Cu concentrations were 160.37±11.77mg/kg in goats and 152.12±13.16mg/kg in sheep. The mean serum Fe concentrations were 16.38±4.51μmol/L in goats and 25.41±9.76μmol/L in sheep. The mean Fe concentrations in the liver were 189.37±6.51mg/kg in goats and 313.70±12.89mg/kg in sheep. The mean serum concentrations of Mo were 0.14±0.04μmol/L in goats and 0.29±0.06μmol/L in sheep. The mean Mo concentrations in the liver were 6.09±0.23mg/kg in goats and 6.22±0.15mg/kg in sheep. The mean serum Zn concentrations were 8.30±1.91μmol/L in goats and 8.63±2.22μmol/L in sheep. The mean Zn concentrations in the liver were 132.80±3.39mg/kg in goats and 130.70±2.99mg/kg in sheep. These results show low or marginal serum and liver concentrations of Cu and Zn, indicating that these minerals should be supplemented. The normal or even low concentrations of Mo and the high concentration of Fe suggest that Cu deficiency may be primary, due to low Cu ingestion, or secondary due to high Fe ingestion.

A survey of variation in the chemical composition of commercial canola meal produced in Western Canadian crushing plants

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell ◽  
M. O. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Press Cake ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Composition Variation ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Whole Seed ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

Canola samples of whole seed, press cake and commercial meal (CM) were collected from seven canola-crushing plants in Western Canada over 4 successive weeks to assess nutrient and glucosinolate content and variability. The CM data are described in this report. The mean concentrations in CM (dry matter (DM) basis) were: in %, crude protein (N × 6.25) 41.85; ether extract 3.92; crude fiber 13.13; neutral detergent fiber 23.54; acid detergent fiber 19.09; and in MJ kg−1, gross energy 20.36. The mean mineral concentrations were, in percent, calcium 0.70; magnesium 0.57; phosphorus 1.13; potassium 1.35; sulfur 0.94; and in μg g−1, copper 6.34; iron 157; manganese 54.7; molybdenum 1.5; selenium 1.22; zinc 75.8. Total aliphatic glucosinolate concentrations (oil-free DM basis) ranged from 6.26 to 28.42 μmol g−1 for different plants, mean 16.20; indolyl glucosinolate concentrations were from 0.56 to 9.49 μmol g−1. Small and variable amounts of allyl and hydroxybenzyl glucosinolates due to weed seed contamination were found. Myrosinase activity (thioglucoside glucohydrolase EC 3.2.3.1) averaged 0.15% of that in the corresponding canola seed. Differences among crushing plants were due mainly to regional environmental factors, cultivars used and, for lysine and glucosinolates, processing conditions mainly in the desolventizer toaster stage. Key words: Canola, meal, composition, variation, regional, Western Canada

Prepartum body condition and weight influences on reproductive performance of first-calf beef cows

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1119-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. DeRouen ◽  
D. E. Franke ◽  
D. G. Morrison ◽  
W. E. Wyatt ◽  
D. F. Coombs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Beef Cows

Retirement intentions of older consultant psychiatrists

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Mears ◽  
Tim Kendall ◽  
Cornelius Katona ◽  
Carole Pashley ◽  
Sarah Pajak
Keyword(s):  
Early Retirement ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Consultant Psychiatrist ◽  
Health Officer ◽  
Decisions To Leave ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Retirement Intentions

Aims and MethodThis survey gathered data on the retirement intentions of consultant psychiatrists over the age of 50 years, in order to address retention issues. A questionnaire was sent to all 1438 consultants over this age in the UK.ResultsA total of 848 questionnaires were returned, an adjusted response rate of 59%. The mean age at which consultants intended to retire in this sample was 60 years (s.d. 4.16), suggesting a potential loss of 5725 consultant years. Reasons for early retirement are complex: factors encouraging retirement include too much bureaucracy, lack of free time and heavy case-loads; those discouraging retirement include enjoyment of work, having a good team and money. Mental Health Officer status is an important determinant in the decision to retire early.Clinical ImplicationsWith numerous vacancies in consultant psychiatrist posts throughout the UK, premature retirement is a cause for concern, possibly contributing to an overall reduction in consultant numbers of 5%. Addressing factors that influence consultants' decisions to leave the health service early should form an important part of an overall strategy to increase consultant numbers.

scholarly journals Systolic blood pressure of dogs at hospital and domestic environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1242-1248
Author(s):  
Frederico Aécio Carvalho Soares ◽  
Elisa Barp Neuwald ◽  
Verônica Santos Mombach ◽  
Ana Elize Ribeiro D'Avila ◽  
Francisco de Oliveira Conrado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Veterinary Hospital ◽  
At Home

The measurement of blood pressure (BP) is an important assessment of the cardiovascular system, being influenced by physical and pathological conditions. Certain situations of stress and anxiety during BP measurement can lead to elevated values in small animals, known in medicine as "white coat effect". The aim of this research was to compare systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurement using Doppler ultrasonography in 45 adult healthy dogs in two environments, at a veterinary hospital and at home. Comparison of heart rate, serum concentrations of cortisol and glucose intended to help the evaluation of the stress level of the animals. The mean of SBP at the veterinary hospital was 154.7mmHg and it was significantly (P<0.01) higher than at home (136.3mmHg). It was also observed that HR (mean=122.7bpm), and serum cortisol (median=4.5µg dL-1) and glucose (mean=95.9mg dL-1) concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.01) at the hospital, when compared with values obtained at home (109.6bpm; 1.5µg dL-1 and 85.5mg dL-1, respectively). In conclusion, the environment can influence SBP in dogs, due to factors related to stress.

scholarly journals Effects of medetomidine and atipamezole on serum glucose and cortisol levels in captive reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

Rangifer ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon M. Arnemo ◽  
Birgit Ranheim
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonists ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Baseline Levels

<p>Serum concentrations of glucose and Cortisol were measured in five adult captive reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) at 24 h and 10 min before, and at 0.5, 1,2,4, 8, 12 and 24 h after, treatment with 60 p.g/kg of medetomidine i.v. followed by 300 jig/kg of atipamezole i.v. 60 min later. The experiments were performed in January and repeated in July-August. The animals were used as their own controls and treated with saline in July-August. The wash-out period between experiments in summer was 2 weeks or more. No obvious seasonal differences were observed. Mederomidine induced a 2.5-fold increase in glucose (mean &plusmn; standard error of the mean being 15.4 &plusmn; 0.6 mmol/1 at 1 h) and a 3.5-fold increase Cortisol (349 &plusmn; 28 nmol/1 at 0.5 h). Serum glucose reached control levels within 12 h, and Cortisol declined to baseline levels within 4 h after injection og medetomidine. The use of blood concentrations of glucose and Cortisol to assess nutritonal status, body condition and stress may be significantly biased in animals chemically immobilized with medetomidine or other alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists.</p>

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