Free endotoxins in the feces of lactating dairy cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Li ◽  
E. Khafipour ◽  
D.O. Krause ◽  
J.C. Rodriguez-Lecompte ◽  
J.C. Plaizier
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Content

A survey was conducted on 300 lactating dairy cows on 10 dairy farms to determine how risk factors for and symptoms of excessive grain feeding and subacute ruminal acidosis are associated with the concentrations of endotoxins in feces measured with the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test. Increases in days in milk and haptoglobin in blood plasma were associated with lower (P = 0.02) and higher (P = 0.02) fecal endotoxin, respectively. The five farms with a dietary neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content higher than 33.8% of DM had lower (P < 0.01) fecal endotoxin than those with a dietary NDF content lower than 33.8% of DM (31 790 vs. 69 276 endotoxin units (EU) g-1 of wet feces, P < 0.01). Parity, milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage, the blood plasma concentration of serum amyloid A, and the dietary content of physically effective fibre were not associated with the fecal endotoxin concentration.

scholarly journals Evaluation of diagnostic measures for subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Li ◽  
G. N. Gozho ◽  
N. Gakhar ◽  
E. Khafipour ◽  
D. O. Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Rumen Ph

Li, S., Gozho, G. N., Gakhar, N., Khafipour, E., Krause, D. O. and Plaizier, J. C. 2012. Evaluation of diagnostic measures for subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows. Can J. Anim. Sci. 92: 353–364. Effects of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenges on measurements of feces, urine, milk and blood samples, and of feeding behavior were investigated to determine which of these measurements may aid in the diagnosis of SARA. Eight multiparous lactating dairy cows were used in a crossover design with two 6-wk experimental periods. During weeks 1, 2, and 6, cows received a control diet with a forage-to-concentrate ratio of 58:42. During weeks 3 to wk 5, a grain-based SARA challenge (GBSC) or an alfalfa-pellet SARA challenge (APSC) was conducted by replacing 12% of the dry matter of the control ration with pellets containing 50% ground wheat and 50% ground barley, and by replacing 26% of the dry matter of the control ration with pellets of ground alfalfa, respectively. The rumen pH depression did not differ between the challenges. The GBSC increased the concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in feces and of serum amyloid A in blood, but decreased that of milk fat and urea in blood. The APSC increased the urine pH, the net-acid-base excretion, and the red blood cell count and potassium concentration in blood. Both challenges increased the concentrations of LPS and propionate in rumen fluid, protein in milk, glucose, lactate and sodium and the partial pressure of CO2in blood, and tended to decrease the concentration of chloride in blood. The measures that were similarly affected by both challenges may aid in the diagnosis of a rumen pH depression. Differences between the SARA challenges suggest that this disorder is not solely rumen pH dependent.

Milk permeate as a dietary supplement for lactating dairy cows

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
RT Cowan ◽  
PC Upton ◽  
A Reid
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Milk Permeate ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Milk permeate was evaluated as a supplement to replace part of the concentrate or roughage in the diet of lactating dairy cows. The basal d i e t was 6 kg cracked sorghum grain and 6 kg ryegrass dry matter, and permeate was offered ad libitum in place of either 3 kg of sorghum or 3 kg of ryegrass. Intake of permeate stabilised at 30 kg/cow.day (1.7 kg DM) after 6 weeks, with considerable variation among replicate groups. Milk fat percentage was increased from 3.8 to 4.5% (P<0.05) when permeate replaced grain in the diet. Where permeate replaced pasture there was apparently large variation among cows in permeate intake, and this was associated with large variation in the fat and protein contents of the milk. Milk yield (volume) was reduced in proportion to the reduction in total dry matter intake (r = -0.99). With high intakes of permeate, the C18:0 acids in milk fat were reduced and the C16:0 acids increased. It was concluded that permeate could replace about 1.7 kg grain in the diet and that, at this level, there would be advantages in milk fat percentage.

scholarly journals Effects of Monensin and Dietary Soybean Oil on Milk Fat Percentage and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Lactating Dairy Cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 1166-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. AlZahal ◽  
N.E. Odongo ◽  
T. Mutsvangwa ◽  
M.M. Or-Rashid ◽  
T.F. Duffield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Responses of lactating dairy cows to sodium bicarbonate or sodium bentonite in low forage diet

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 211-211
Author(s):  
M. Danesh Mesgaran
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Molar Percentage ◽  
Sodium Bentonite ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Faecal Ph

Dietary sodium bicarbonate or sodium bentonite has been used in lactating cow diets to aid ration adjustment. Addition of sodium bicarbonate increased intake and milk production for cows fed high concentrate diets in the first two months after parturition (Erdman et al., 1980). Addition of dietary buffers such as sodium bicarbonate and sodium bentonite increased molar percentage of acetate and reduced propionate in dairy cows. Milk fat percentage was increased by sodium bicarbonate in dairy cows when fed low roughage diets (Erdman, 1988). The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of sodium bicarbonate or sodium bentonite in diets of high yielding dairy cows on milk yield, milk composition, and faecal pH.

scholarly journals Influence of Dietary Fish Oil on Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Other Fatty Acids in Milk Fat from Lactating Dairy Cows

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 2620-2628 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Donovan ◽  
D.J. Schingoethe ◽  
R.J. Baer ◽  
J. Ryali ◽  
A.R. Hippen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Fish

The effect of compound composition and silage characteristics on silage intake, feeding behaviour, production of milk and live-weight change in lactating dairy cows

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Jackson ◽  
C. L. Johnson ◽  
J. M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Principal Energy ◽  
Friesian Cows

ABSTRACTAn experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of compound composition and silage characteristics on silage intake, feeding behaviour and productive performance of dairy cows during the first 25 weeks of lactation. Over a period of 3 years, 36 lactating British Friesian cows (12 per year), in their third or later lactations, were divided into two groups. The cows in each group received either compound S, in which the principal energy source was cereal starch, or compound F containing a mixture of high quality digestible fibre. Cows given compound F ate 2·2 kg more silage dry matter per day (P < 0·05). The type of compound had no effect on the frequency of silage feeding and the time spent eating was significantly different only over weeks 10 to 25 of lactation (P < 0·05), with cows on compound F spending on average 20 min longer feeding per day. Cows on compound F produced 1·7 kg more milk per day than cows on compound S. Although there were no significant differences in the concentration of milk constituents, compound F was associated with higher yields of milk constituents. Significant differences were found between the years of experiment in the frequency of feeding (P < 0·05) and also in the concentration of milk protein and milk fat. There were no significant differences in the magnitude of live-weight change between treatments or year of experiment.

scholarly journals DAY-TO-DAY VARIATIONS IN FAT PERCENT OF COW'S MILK

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 731-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
J. D. ERFLE
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Large day-to-day variations in milk fat, particularly for the morning milkings, were observed in 36 Holstein cows. Changes in percent fat were gradual and produced wavelike patterns in a number of instances. Supplemental feeding of long hay had no effect on acetate/propionate ratio in rumen fluid, daily milk yield or weighted milk fat percentage. Key words: Dairy cows, milk, fat depression, hay

scholarly journals Relationship between some variables of protein profile and indicators of lipomobilization in dairy cows after calving

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csilla Tóthová ◽  
Oskar Nagy ◽  
Gabriel Kováč
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Altered Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Altered Lipid

Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of the main indicators of lipomobilization and selected variables of protein profile in dairy cows after calving, including immunoglobulins and acute phase proteins, as well as to evaluate the relationships between the altered lipid metabolism and changes in protein profile. Into the evaluation we included 54 clinically healthy dairy cows of a Slovak spotted breed, low-land black spotted breed and their crossbreeds in the period of 1-2 weeks after parturition. Blood samples were analysed for non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA, mmol/l), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB, mmol/l), total proteins (TP, g/l), albumin (Alb, g/l), immunoglobulin G (IgG, g/l), haptoglobin (Hp, g/l) and serum amyloid A (SAA, mg/l). In cows with concentrations of NEFA above 0.35 mmol/l (n=20) we found significantly lower mean serum concentrations of total proteins, albumin and IgG than in cows with serum NEFA concentrations below 0.35 mmol/l (n=34) (P<0.001). On the other hand, cows with higher values of NEFA showed significantly higher mean concentrations of BHB, Hp and SAA (P<0.001). The concentrations of NEFA significantly negatively correlated with the values of TP (P<0.001), albumin (P<0.01) and IgG (P<0.001). Significant positive correlations were found between the concentrations of NEFA and BHB, Hp, as well as SAA (P<0.001). Similar correlations were also found between the values of BHB and the variables of protein profile except for albumin. This study indicates strong relationships between NEFA and selected variables of protein profile in cows after parturition.

Persian clover and maize silage. III. Rumen fermentation and balance of nutrients when clover and silage are fed to lactating dairy cows

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Persian Clover ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Trifolium Resupinatum

Six rumen fistulated dairy cows, at various stages of lactation, were housed in metabolism stalls on a total of nine occasions in three experiments in which various combinations of Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum) and maize (Zea mays) silage were offered. These experiments considered some aspects of digestion of Persian clover and Persian clover/maize silage diets in order to understand the good milk yield responses attributed to maize silage measured in previous research. Rumen ammonia concentrations and nylon bag degradation rates suggested that the cows made better use of one or both feeds when Persian clover and maize silage were offered together than they did when Persian clover was offered alone. While Persian clover and maize silage appeared to be a substantially inferior diet in terms of apparent in vivo digestibility coefficients and availability of nutrients when compared with Persian clover offered alone, milk yields were unaffected. In addition, no matter how much maize silage was offered, milk fat content remained constant. These results were attributed to an improved balance of absorbed nutrients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document