scholarly journals Effect of intrauterine growth restriction on weight and cellularity of gastrointestinal tract in postnatal lambs

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Gao ◽  
Xianzhi Hou ◽  
Yingchun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Restricted Group

This study investigated the effect of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) during late pregnancy on weight and cellularity of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in postnatal lambs. Twenty-three Mongolian lambs were entered into the study. Their dams were mated at a synchronized estrus and divided into three groups offered 0.175 MJ ME kg-0.75 d-1 (Restricted Group 1, RG1), 0.33 MJ ME kg-0.75 d-1 (Restricted Group 2, RG2) and Control Group (CG, ad libitum access to feed) during their late pregnancy (90 d), respectively. The lambs were slaughtered at birth (neonatal lambs) and at 28 wk of age. The neonatal abomasum weight, jejunum weight and length, abomasum and jejunum DNA content, and the reticulum protein:DNA ratio were lower for RG1 than those of CG (P < 0.05). At 28 wk of age, there were no significant difference in the weights and lengths of jejunum and the weight of abomasum in the lambs among RG1, RG2 and CG (P > 0.05). However, the rumen and omasum weight, and omasum DNA content were lower for RG1 than for CG (P < 0.05). For the jejunum, the protein:DNA ratios in RG2 were significantly higher than those of CG (P < 0.05). These changes in the weight and cellularity of the GIT may have significant implications on postnatal growth and health. Key words: Intrauterine growth restriction, postnatal lambs, gastrointestinal tract, weight, cellularity

scholarly journals Parental factors associated with intrauterine growth restriction

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Hăşmăşanu ◽  
Sorana Bolboacă ◽  
Tudor Drugan ◽  
Melinda Matyas ◽  
Gabriela Zaharie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Parental Factors ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction. Linear growth failure is caused by multiple factors including parental factors. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate parental risk factors for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) on a population of Romanian newborn infants in a tertiary level maternity facility for a period of 2.5 years. Methods. A retrospective matched case-control study was conducted in the Emergency County Hospital of Cluj-Napoca, a university hospital in North-Western Romania. The sample was selected from 4,790 infants admitted to the Neonatal Ward at 1st Gynecology Clinic between January 2012 and June 2014. Results. The age of mothers was significantly lower in the IUGR group compared to controls (p=0.041). A significantly higher percentage of mothers had hypertension in the IUGR group compared to those in the control group (p<0.05). No other significant differences were identified with regard to the investigated characteristics of mothers between IUGR infants compared to controls (p>0.13). The age of fathers of infants with IUGR proved significantly lower compared to controls (p=0.0278). The analysis of infants? comorbidities revealed no significant difference between groups for respiratory distress, hyperbilirubinemia, hypocalcaemia, and heart failure (p>0.27). Intracranial hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis and hypoglycemia were significantly higher in the IUGR group compared to controls. The logistic regression identified hypertension as a significant risk factor for IUGR (OR=2.4, 95% CI [1.3-4.5]). Conclusion. Although the age of the mothers and fathers proved significantly lower in the IUGR group compared to controls, only hypertension in the mothers proved significant risk factors for IUGR.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of Fetal Thymus Size in Intrauterine Growth Restriction

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mosaad Elshishiny ◽  
Mohamed Mohsen Elnamoury ◽  
Ayman Abd Elaziz Aldorf ◽  
Essmat Hamdy AboZeid
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fetal Thymus ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Doppler Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adverse Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Thymus Size

Background: Changes in thymus size and histopathology have been observed both in animal models of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the size of the fetal thymus by sonography in pregnancies with IUGR and to search for a possible relationship between a fetal thymus size and adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out on 100 participants who were divided into two groups. Group A: Study group which include 50 patients with IUGR. Group B: Control group which Include 50 normal patients with appropriate gestational age. All patients were subjected to: History taking: (Personal, Obstetric History, Maternal Medical History) and trans-abdominal ultrasound. Results: IUGR group show statistically significant decrease in the estimate of fetal weight (EFW) compared to the control group (P<0.05). Doppler study of umbilical artery shows significant increase of (pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and systolic/diastolic (S/D) in IUGR group when compared to control group. Doppler study of middle cerebral artery (MCA) shows significant increase in (RI, SD) in IUGR group when compared to control group while PI doesn’t show significant difference between two groups.  Thymus size decrease in IUGR group when compared to the control group. IUGR group had low survival and lower APGR Score when compared to the control group. Correlation between thymus size with the studied doppler parameters and pregnancy outcome in the current study. Umbilical Doppler RI, PI and SD showed statistically significance in this study (P<0.05) and this means that the blood flow in the umbilical arterial (UA) is important for the fetus. As regard the MCA RI and SD Doppler, they show statistically significance in this study (P<0.05) while the MCA PI Doppler did not show any statistically significance in this study (P>0.05). Conclusions: IUGR is associated with small thymus and small fetal thymus may be an early indicator of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by IUGR.

Pathological features of the sequence in pregnant women with delayed fetal growth

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
V.O. Golyanovskiy ◽  
◽  
Ye.O. Didyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Infection And Inflammation

Pregnant women with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have an increased risk of adverse perinatal and long-term complications compared with the birth of children with normal body weight. Thus, IUGR is one of the main challenges for the global health system, especially in poor and developing countries. Morpho-functional studies of the placentas help in determining the causes of IUGR, and therefore, timely prevent complications in pregnant women with IUGR. The objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate various morphometric and pathomorphological changes in the placenta, including inflammatory, in cases of IUGR, and to establish a correlation of these results with the etiology and complications for the fetus. Materials and methods. In the current study, 54 placentas of the fetuses with IUGR (the main group) were compared with 50 placentas of the fetuses with normal development (control group). The criteria for the inclusion of IUGR were gestational age more than 30 weeks and all fetuses with a weight less than 10th percentile for this period of pregnancy. The placenta material was studied pathomorphologically with laboratory screening for infection and inflammation. Similarly, the results were determined for placentas of the fetuses with normal development compared to placentas with IUGR. Results. The placenta study showed the presence of calcification in the case of IUGR, as well as in the case of prolonged pregnancy. However, calcification of the placenta in the case of IUGR was more progressive compared with placenta in the normal pregnancy. In addition, the presence of intrauterine infection and inflammation was observed, which could also lead to an adverse outcome for the further progression of pregnancy with IUGR. Conclusion. A comparative macro- and microscopic pathomorphological study of the placentas in the two groups has shown a significant increase in the pathological changes in all the anatomical structures of the fetuses with IUGR. Key words: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), fetal weight, pathomorphological changes of the placenta.

Is ProBNP a New Marker for Predicting Intrauterine Growth Restriction?

2021 ◽  
Vol 225 (02) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
Hasan Eroğlu ◽  
Nazan Vanlı Tonyalı ◽  
Gokcen Orgul ◽  
Derya Biriken ◽  
Aykan Yucel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aneuploidy Screening ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the usability of first-trimester maternal serum ProBNP levels in the prediction of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Methods In this prospective study, blood samples taken from 500 women who applied to our polyclinic for routine serum aneuploidy screening between the 11–14th gestational weeks were centrifuged. The obtained plasma samples were placed in Eppendorf tubes and stored at −80+°C. For the final analysis, first-trimester maternal serum ProBNP levels of 32 women diagnosed with postpartum IUGR and 32 healthy women randomly selected as the control group were compared. FGR was defined as estimated fetal weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age. Results The mean ProBNP levels were statistically and significantly higher in the women with intrauterine growth restriction (113.73±94.69 vs. 58.33±47.70 pg/mL, p<0.01). At a cut-off level of 50.93, ProBNP accurately predicted occurrence of IUGR (AUC+= 0.794 (95% confidence interval 0.679–0.910), p+= 0.001) with sensitivity and specificity rates of 78.1 and 69.0%, respectively. Conclusion First-trimester serum ProBNP level was significantly higher in women who developed IUGR compared to healthy controls. First-trimester ProBNP level can be used as a potential marker to predict the development of IUGR in pregnant women.

Antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin Antibodies in Antiphospholipid Syndrome with Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Preeclampsia

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1263-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Canti ◽  
Stefania Del Rosso ◽  
Marta Tonello ◽  
Roberta Lucianò ◽  
Ariela Hoxha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Fetal Death ◽  
Thrombotic Risk ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Objective.Antibodies that recognize the phosphatidylserine/prothrombin complex (antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies; aPS/PT) might reveal enhanced thrombotic risk in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Little is known about their association with pregnancy complications in the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).Methods.We enrolled 55 patients with APS who were seeking pregnancy in 2 Italian hospitals. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), including anticardiolipin antibodies, anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies, lupus-like anticoagulant, and aPS/PT antibodies were assessed, and the patients were prospectively followed for 24 months.Results.There were 65% (36/55) of the APS patients who had aPS/PT antibodies. Forty-seven pregnancies were followed, including 33 of aPS/PT+ patients. Forty-one of the 47 patients (87%) who initiated a pregnancy eventually gave birth to a child. The pregnancy duration and the mean newborn weight at delivery were significantly lower in aPS/PT+ than in aPS/PT− patients (33.1 ± 4.7 vs 36.2 ± 3.4 wks of gestation, respectively, and 2058 ± 964 g vs 2784 ± 746 g, respectively, p < 0.05). Late pregnancy complications, including intrauterine fetal death, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), were more frequent in aPS/PT+ patients, independent of the therapy. Titers of aPS/PT IgG were significantly inversely correlated with the neonatal weight at delivery. Vascular injury, as reflected by thrombosis, fibrinoid necrosis, ischemic and hemorrhagic areas, and presence of chorangiomas characterized the IUGR placentas in the presence of aPS/PT.Conclusion.The aPS/PT antibodies might represent markers of aPL-related pregnancy complications, IUGR/preeclampsia in particular, and could help identify beforehand patients who may require additional treatment.

Association of maternal and/or fetal factor V Leiden and G20210A prothrombin mutation with HELLP syndrome and intrauterine growth restriction

2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar SCHLEMBACH ◽  
Ernst BEINDER ◽  
Juergen ZINGSEM ◽  
Ute WUNSIEDLER ◽  
Matthias W. BECKMANN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Hellp Syndrome ◽  
Factor V Leiden ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Prothrombin Mutation ◽  
Thrombophilic Mutations

This study was conducted to investigate the association of maternal and/or fetal factor V Leiden (FVL) and G20210A prothrombin mutation with HELLP syndrome. FVL and G20210A prothrombin mutation were determined using PCR. Sixty-three pregnant women, 36 of them diagnosed with HELLP syndrome, were included in the study. Overall, 68 children were born as a result of these pregnancies and blood sampling was possible in 28 out of 39 children from HELLP patients and 25 out of 29 children from the control women. The prevalence of a maternal FVL was elevated 2-fold in HELLP patients compared with the control women [six out of 36 (16.7%) compared with two out of 27 (7.4%); P=0.282]. None of the HELLP patients and only one woman in the control group was found to be positive for the G20210A prothrombin mutation (P=0.251). The fetal carrier frequency was four out of 28 compared with three out of 25 for FVL (P=0.811), and two out of 28 compared with one out of 25 for G20210A prothrombin mutation (P=0.629). Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) was significantly higher in fetuses found to be positive for a thrombophilic mutation (P=0.022). IUGR occurred in seven out of ten fetuses with a thrombophilic mutation compared with 11 out of 43 in fetuses without a mutation. The prevalence of FVL, but not of the G20210A prothrombin mutation, seems to be elevated in women with HELLP syndrome. A fetal thrombophilic mutation does not contribute significantly to the clinical features of the HELLP syndrome. Our results demonstrate a fetal contribution to IUGR. Fetal thrombophilic mutations may lead to placental microthrombosis, which consecutively could lead to a disturbed fetoplacental blood flow and thus cause growth restriction.

Mean Platelet Volume is Affected in Term Fetuses with Intrauterine Growth Restriction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gul Nihal Buyuk ◽  
Z.Asli Oskovi-Kaplan ◽  
Aysegul Oksuzoglu ◽  
H.Levent Keskin
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives The aim of our study was to analyze the mean platelet volume levels as a potential marker of altered placentation in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) cases. Methods A total of 126 term singleton pregnant women with IUGR fetuses and 345 healthy pregnant controls were recruited and compared. Results The mean platelet volume was significantly higher in the IUGR group (10.8±0.9 fl) than the control group (9.9±1.1 fl) (p=0.03). The mean hemoglobin was lower in IUGR group (11.3 (8.3–14.5) g/dl) than the control group (11.9 (8.2–13.0) g/dl) (p=0.04). The optimal cut-off MPV for prediction of IUGR was ≥10.55 fl, with a sensitivity of 59% and a specificity of 75%. Conclusion Increased MPV levels in term pregnant women may be particularly helpful for discrimination and prediction of high-risk fetuses when IUGR is suspected.

scholarly journals Postnatal Growth after Intrauterine Growth Restriction Alters Central Leptin Signal and Energy Homeostasis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e30616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bérengère Coupé ◽  
Isabelle Grit ◽  
Philippe Hulin ◽  
Gwenaëlle Randuineau ◽  
Patricia Parnet
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

scholarly journals Prenatal intrauterine growth restriction and risk of retinopathy of prematurity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Chu ◽  
Yasmeen Dhindsa ◽  
Myung Shin Sim ◽  
Marie Altendahl ◽  
Irena Tsui
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
Postnatal Growth Failure

Abstract Low birthweight and decreased postnatal weight gain are known predictors of worse retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) but the role of prenatal growth patterns in ROP remains inconclusive. To distinguish small for gestational age (SGA) from intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) as independent predictors of ROP, we performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who received ROP screening examinations at a level IV neonatal intensive care unit over a 7-year period. Data on IUGR and SGA status, worst stage of and need for treatment for ROP, and postnatal growth was obtained. 343 infants were included for analysis (mean gestational age = 28.6 weeks and birth weight = 1138.2 g). IUGR infants were more likely to have a worse stage of ROP and treatment-requiring ROP (both p < 0.0001) compared to non-IUGR infants. IUGR infants were more likely to be older at worst stage of ROP (p < 0.0001) and to develop postnatal growth failure (p = 0.01) than non-IUGR infants. Independent of postnatal growth failure status, IUGR infants had a 4–5 × increased risk of needing ROP treatment (p < 0.001) compared to non-IUGR infants. SGA versus appropriate for gestational age infants did not demonstrate differences in retinopathy outcomes, age at worst ROP stage, or postnatal growth failure. These findings emphasize the importance of prenatal growth on ROP development.

Women with the Prothrombophilic HPA-1b Genotype of Platelet Integrin αIIbβ3 Are at Increased Risk of Intrauterine Growth Restriction.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1487-1487
Author(s):  
Andrea Gerhardt ◽  
Nadja Howe ◽  
Jan S. Kruessel ◽  
Hans G. Bender ◽  
Rudiger E. Scharf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Previous Pregnancy ◽  
Integrin Αiibβ3 ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risk Association

Abstract Background: Disturbances in the placental vascular development with endothelial inflammation and thrombotic occlusion of the placental vasculature are associated with fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IGR). As shown in previous studies, the HPA-1b allele of the b subunit of the essential platelet integrin αIIbβ3, also known as glycoprotein IIb–IIIa, can be associated with increased platelet thrombogenicity, leading to arterial vascular occlusion also triggered by inflammatory endothelial alterations. We performed a case-control study to assess HPA-1b as risk determinant for fetal IGR. Materials and Methods: Fifty two women with fetal IGR (defined by birth weight below the 5th- and 10th percentile for gestational age and sex) were evaluated. Women with other reasons of IGR (history of venous thrombosis, fetal loss, and preeclampsia) were excluded. The fetuses were born alive after the 24th week of gestation. As control subjects, 307 normal women with at least one previous pregnancy and no previous pregnancy complication were included. Results: There was a significant risk association of the HPA-1b/1b genotype (birth weight below 5% percentile: odds ratio (OR) 6.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–21); birth weight below 10% percentile: OR 4.6 (95% CI 1.4–15). OR for the HPA-1b/1b genotype (birth weight below 5% percentile) in subgroups with increased levels of fibrinogen (above median > 284mg/dl) were 17.7 (95% CI 2.9–106) and increased levels of FVIII:C (above median > 147%) were 22.1 (95% CI 3.8–127). No significant difference between the genotype distribution was found in patients with low levels of fibrinogen and/or FVIII:C. Similar results were found for women with IGR with a birth weight below the 10% percentile. There was no significant risk association for factor V Leiden G1691A, prothrombin G20210A mutation, and MTHFR 677TT. Conclusions: The platelet receptor genotype HPA-1b/1b is significantly associated with IGR. As possible pathological mechanism, an increased HPA-1b-associated thrombogenicity of platelets leading to IGR via interaction with an inflammatory vascular process and/or via increased levels of FVIII:C or plasma fibrinogen have to be considered. Pharmacological control of the observed platelet thrombogenicity in patients at risk may be of clinical relevance. In consequence, it will be of importance to examine whether this critical subgroup of patients can benefit from prevention with specific antiplatelet agents.

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