Chemical composition and ruminal degradability of grain pearl millet grown in southwestern Quebec

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif F Mustafa ◽  
Philippe Seguin ◽  
Guy Bélair ◽  
Anand Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Abundant Fatty Acid ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

The objectives of this study were to determine the chemical composition and ruminal nutrient degradabilities of grain of five hybrids of pearl millet grown in southwestern Quebec. Hybrids were selected because they were poor hosts of the widely prevalent root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans). Neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin were similar for all hybrids. However, acid detergent fiber (ADF) was higher for CGPMH-1 than CGPMH-7 and CGPMH-38 and was higher for CGPMH-11 and CGPMH-20 than CGPMH-7. Starch content was higher for CGPMH-7 (668 g kg-1 DM) than the other hybrids (average 635 g kg-1 DM). Crude protein (CP) was lower for CGPMH-7 (141 g kg-1 DM) than the other hybrids (average 181 g kg-1 DM). Fatty acid content was higher for CGPMH -11 and CGPMH-20 than CGPMH-38. Linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in all hybrids and was lower for CGPMH-38 than the other hybrids. Ruminal dry matter degradability was similar for all hybrids (average 69.5%). However, ruminal CP and starch degradabilities were higher for CGPMH-1 and CGPMH-20 than CGPMH-11 and CGPMH-38. It was concluded that grain concentrations of CP, ADF, and starch, and ruminal CP and starch degradabilities of pearl millet varied among hybrid. Key words: Chemical composition, Pearl millet, Ruminal degradability

Chemical composition and in situ ruminal nutrient degradability of normal and brown midrib forage pearl millet grown in southwestern Québec

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
F. Hassanat ◽  
P. Seguin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Brown Midrib ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Normal Genotype

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and in situ ruminal degradability of normal and brown midrib (bmr) forage pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] grown in southwestern Québec conditions. Forage was harvested twice during the season. Relative to normal genotype, bmr millet contained less (P < 0.05) neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent lignin and more (P < 0.05) crude protein (CP). Fiber fractions were similar for the two harvests. However, CP content was higher (P < 0.05) in the first than the second harvest. In situ ruminal degradabilities of DM, CP and NDF were all higher (P < 0.05) for bmr than normal forage millet and were not affected by harvest. Key words: Forage quality, pearl millet, ruminal degradability, protein fractions, brown midrib

scholarly journals Chemical composition, ensiling characteristics and ruminal degradability of forage soybean cultivars

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
J. C. F. García ◽  
P. Seguin ◽  
O. Marois-Mainguy
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

A study was conducted to determine the effects of forage soybean cultivar on chemical composition, ensiling characteristics, and ruminal degradability of silage. Two cultivars of forage soybean (Kodiak and Mammouth) were field-grown, harvested at the R6 stage, and ensiled in mini-silos (n = 3) for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 45 d. Two ruminally fistulated cows were used to determine in situ ruminal nutrient degradabilities of the 45-d silages. Both cultivars went through slow fermentation as indicated by a gradual decline in pH up to day 45 post-ensiling. Lactic acid concentration increased throughout ensiling and was higher for Mammouth than Kodiak except at day 45 post-ensiling. Analysis of the 45-d silages showed that Mammouth contained higher neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 490 vs. 444 g kg-1), acid detergent fiber (371 vs. 353 g kg-1) and acid detergent lignin (81 vs. 64 g kg-1) than Kodiak. However, crude protein (CP) concentration was higher for Kodiak than Mammouth. Mammouth silage had lower buffer soluble protein and higher neutral and acid detergent insoluble protein concentrations than Kodiak silage. Results of the in situ study indicated that Kodiak silage had greater ruminal dry matter (606 vs. 549 g kg-1), CP (828 vs. 752 g kg -1) and NDF (272 vs. 227 g kg-1) degradabilities than Mammouth. It was concluded that chemical composition and ruminal nutrient degradabilities of forage soybean silage were significantly influenced by cultivar. Key words: Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill.], silage, ensiling; forage quality, nutrient degradability

Genotypic differences in chemical composition and ruminal degradability of oat hulls

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Thompson ◽  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
J. J. McKinnon ◽  
D. Maenz ◽  
B. Rossnagel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

A study was conducted to determine differences in chemical composition and ruminal degradability of oat hulls derived from ten oat varieties. Hulls derived from AC Assiniboia had a lower (P < 0.05) acid detergent lignin (ADL) and a higher (P < 0.05) in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) relative to the other nine varieties. Effective ruminal degradability of neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fiber for AC Assiniboia hulls were higher (P < 0.05) than those of Calibre hulls and similar to those of Calibre straw. Key words: Oat hulls, chemical composition, ruminal degradability

scholarly journals Lamb Meat Quality and Carcass Evaluation of Five Autochthonous Sheep Breeds: Towards Biodiversity Protection

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3222
Author(s):  
Maria Giovanna Ciliberti ◽  
Antonella Santillo ◽  
Rosaria Marino ◽  
Elena Ciani ◽  
Mariangela Caroprese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Lamb Meat

In the present study, the evaluation of the carcasses and meat quality, in terms of chemical composition and fatty acid profile, of lambs from five autochthonous sheep breeds (Altamurana, Bagnolese, Gentile di Puglia, Laticauda, and Leccese) reared in continental Southern Italy, were studied. All the carcasses were evaluated according to the EU Mediterranean classification system for carcasses weighing less than 13 kg. Meat chemical composition and fatty acids profile were assessed on both loin and leg commercial cuts. Fatty acid composition of loin resulted in differences among breeds, displaying lower values of saturated fatty acid in Altamurana, Bagnolese, and Leccese breeds and the highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acid in the Altamurana breed. Principal component analysis grouped lamb according to fatty acid content and to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), omega n-3 and n-6 fatty acids; thus, Altamurana, Bagnolese, and Leccese breeds are characterized by the highest values of CLA content. Our data demonstrated that lamb meat from autochthonous breed has good carcass quality and the content of CLA, n-3, and n-6 was valuable for human consumption; therefore, the valorisation of local meat quality can help to avoid the extinction of the autochthonous breed offering to the market and consumer’s high nutritive products.

scholarly journals Effects of the Harvest Stage of Maize Hybrids on the Chemical Composition of Plant Fractions: An Analysis of the Different Types of Silage

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 786
Author(s):  
Egon Henrique Horst ◽  
Valter Harry Bumbieris Junior ◽  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Secundino López
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Grain Formation ◽  
Early Harvest

The chemical composition of plant components of three maize hybrids harvested at the beginning of six reproductive stages of maturity was compared. The hybrids evaluated included Maximus VIP3, Defender VIP and Feroz VIP, which were evaluated at each of following stages: R1 (grain formation), R2 (milky grain), R3 (pasty grain), R4 (floury grain), R5 (hard grain) and R6 (ripe grain). The advancement in maturation was linearly related to the crude protein (CP) content of the stem, whole plant, and leaves, and there was a difference among the hybrids. Between R4 and R5 stages, Maximus and Defender presented the highest CP contents for husk (6.58 and 5.42% for Maximus; 5.54 and 5.17% for Defender). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of the leaves showed a quadratic relationship with the advancement of maturation but did not differ among the hybrids. For all the hybrids, the NDF content in the husk and cobs increased linearly during the reproductive stages (>77 and 78%, respectively, for the three hybrids in R6). Defender had the lowest NDF content of the cob in R3. The acid detergent lignin contents did not differ among stages in the stems, and showed a linear decrease throughout the whole plant, though the contents did not differ among the hybrids. Due to the differences observed, recommendations for harvest based on the maturity stage for each hybrid should be taken into consideration. There seems to be no important distinction among hybrids for harvesting and use of straw. Despite the reduction in grain yield, an early harvest for earlage or snaplage can provide lower lignin content in husk and cob, as well as higher protein content in the husk, favoring the nutritional value of the vegetative fraction (husk and/or cob).

scholarly journals Chemical composition and rumen degradability of byproducts available in the Amazon region

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl3) ◽  
pp. 3605
Author(s):  
Ernestina dos Ribeiro Santos Neta ◽  
Luis Rennan Sampaio Oliveira ◽  
Rafael Mezzomo ◽  
Daiany Íris Gomes ◽  
Janaina Barros Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Babassu Cake

This study evaluated the chemical composition and ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap) and crude protein (CP) in byproducts of African oil palm (palm cake, kernel or fiber), macaúba (pulp cake and kernel cake), acai (acai fruit), babassu (kernel cake) and pineapple (peel, crown and bagasse silage). Nineteen rumen-fistulated sheep were kept in individual stalls, receiving a daily diet composed of elephant grass silage and corn and soybean concentrate. After preparation in nylon bags, the byproduct samples were incubated for 0, 3, 6, 12, 16, 18, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours, with three replicates of each ingredient per incubation time. The divergence between the protein nutritional value and energy nutritional value, based on discriminatory variables between groups, was estimated by cluster analysis. The effective degradability of DM, NDFap and CP for the different byproducts was, respectively, 35.9, 26.9 and 59.0% for palm cake; 48.3, 34.3 and 76.4% for palm kernel; 21.1, 6.6 and 50.3% for palm fiber; 34.3, 15.0 and 52.8% for macaúba pulp cake; 58.1; 63.0 and 51.6% for macaúba kernel cake; 49.7, 49.6 and 41.8% for babassu cake; 53.4, 40.5 and 79.8% for pineapple bagasse silage; and 21.3, 17.0 and 38.9% for acai fruit. Based on their NDFap and CP characteristics, the feeds were clustered in up to four different groups.

scholarly journals Deficit Irrigation as a Suitable Strategy to Enhance the Nutritional Composition of HydroSOS Almonds

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3336
Author(s):  
Saray Gutiérrez-Gordillo ◽  
Leontina Lipan ◽  
Víctor Hugo Durán Zuazo ◽  
Esther Sendra ◽  
Francisca Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture

The Mediterranean region is one of the most water-scarce areas worldwide and is considered a climate-change hotspot. To assure the viability and competitiveness of irrigated agriculture, it is vital to implement strategies that can maximize water saving without compromising yield. Deficit irrigation (DI) for cultivating drought-tolerant species such as almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) can help in achieving this goal, while at the same time improving fruit chemical composition. This work evaluated the effect of DI techniques and cultivars on the chemical composition of almonds (cvs. Marta, Guara, and Lauranne) in order to elucidate the most suitable irrigation dose under water-scarcity scenarios. Three irrigation regimes were imposed: a control treatment (FI), which was fully irrigated, receiving 100% of the irrigation requirement (IR), and two sustained-deficit irrigation (SDI) strategies that received 75% (SDI75) and 65% (SDI65) of IR. Significant differences among cultivars and irrigation treatments were observed for antioxidant activity and organic acid, sugar, and fatty acid content, which were increased by the SDI strategies. In addition, highly significant correlations were found between leaf-water potential and components such as fumaric acid, sugars, and fatty acids. In terms of the cultivars, cv. Marta showed the highest antioxidant activity, cv. Guara was the richest in organic acids, and cv. Lauranne had the highest fatty acid content. Consequently, SDI strategies improved almond quality parameters related to their nutritional and sensory composition, with significant water savings (reductions of 25–35%) and without important yield loss.

scholarly journals Silages of pearl millet submitted to nitrogen fertilization

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 918-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Martins Araujo Pinho ◽  
Edson Mauro Santos ◽  
Fleming Sena Campos ◽  
João Paulo de Farias Ramos ◽  
Carlos Henrique Oliveira Macedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lactic Acid Content ◽  
Split Plot

This study aimed to evaluate the fermentation characteristics, losses and the chemical composition of two pearl millet genotypes silages submitted to nitrogen fertilization. The experimental design was a completely randomized blocks in a split plot scheme 2x5 (two nitrogen genotypes doses x five doses of nitrogen), with four replicates. Nitrogen doses were 0, 20, 40, 60, 80kg ha-1 and the pearl millet genotypes were the variety ADR300 and the hybrid ADR7010. The hybrid ADR 7010 showed average lactic acid content higher than the variety ADR 300, at all doses of N, recording values ranging from 4.09 to 10.46dag kg-1. There was an interaction between nitrogren doses and genotypes for the neutral detergent fiber, which ranged from 51.81 to 63.63dag kg-1 of dry matter. Dry matter recovery decreased linearly with increasing nitrogen doses only for hybrid ADR7010, the same did not happen for the ADR300. The nitrogen fertilization does not favor the fermentation characteristics and increases DM losses of the hybrid ADR7010.

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