Effects of dietary energy and lysine intake during late gestation and lactation on blood metabolites, hormones, milk compositions and reproductive performance in primiparous sows

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Heo ◽  
Y. X. Yang ◽  
Z. Jin ◽  
M. S. Park ◽  
B. K. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The effects of energy and lysine intake during late gestation and lactation on the reproductive performance of primiparous sows were evaluated using 36 gilts. Sows were allocated to six dietary treatments according to a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement and each treatment had six replicates. Three energy levels [low (EL), medium (EM) and high (EH)] and two lysine levels [low (LL) and high (HL)] were used. Gilts with HL intake had more weight (P = 0.004) and backfat thickness (P = 0.047) gain during gestation. Similar changes in sow body conditions were observed during lactation. HL intake resulted in higher litter birth weight (P = 0.001), weaning weight (P < 0.001) and growth rate (P < 0.001) and shortened wean-to-estrus interval (P= 0.001). Energy intake influenced the fat and lactose content while lysine intake influenced the total solids and protein content in milk and colostrum. Gilts with HL had higher insulin and lower creatinine levels during post farrowing and weaning, while triglyceride concentration at weaning increased with increasing of energy intake. The basal and pulses of LH were also influenced by lysine intake. In conclusion, higher lysine intake than those recommended by National Research Council (1998) could improve performance during late gestation and lactation in primiparous sows. Key words: Energy, lysine, gestation, lactation, sows

scholarly journals Effects of increased energy and amino acid intake in late gestation on reproductive performance, milk composition, metabolic, and redox status of sows1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 2914-2926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianqiang Che ◽  
Liang Hu ◽  
Ceng Wu ◽  
Qin Xu ◽  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of increased AA and energy intake during late gestation on reproductive performance, milk composition, and metabolic and redox status of sows. A total of 118 Yorkshire sows (third through sixth parity) were randomly assigned to dietary treatments from day 90 of gestation until farrowing. Dietary treatments consisted of combinations of 2 standardized ileal digestible (SID) AA levels [14.7 or 20.6 g/d SID Lys, SID Lys and other AA met or exceeded the NRC (2012) recommendations] and 2 energy levels (28.24 or 33.78 MJ/d intake of NE) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. After parturition, all sows were fed a standard lactation diet. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for parameters on metabolism, redox status, and amino acid profile. The data were analyzed using the generalized linear mixed models to reveal the impact of dietary levels of energy, AA, and their interaction. Sows with increased intake of AA had greater BW gain (P < 0.01) during late gestation. Furthermore, the BW loss during lactation was increased in sows with increasing intake of energy (P < 0.05) or AA (P < 0.05). Sows fed high energy had higher total litter birth weights (20.2 kg vs. 18.4 kg, P < 0.05) and shorter duration of farrowing (261 min vs. 215 min, P < 0.05), compared with those fed low energy, which likely was due to higher (P < 0.05) plasma glucose and lower (P < 0.05) plasma lactate prior to parturition. High AA intake in late gestation increased the ADG of piglets during the following lactation (P < 0.05), and increased the concentrations of plasma urea, and the following AA: Lys, Met, Thr, Val, Ile, Leu, Phe, Asp, Ser, and Arg at farrowing (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the increased intake of energy increased total litter weight of newborns and shortened the farrowing duration, which likely was due to improved energy status at farrowing. Furthermore, sows with increased intake of AA led to higher growth rate of piglets during the following lactation, accompanying with the increasing levels of plasma urea and amino acids. Therefore, the higher energy intake in late gestation appeared to improve litter weight and farrowing duration, while higher AA intake may have positive effect on piglets performance in lactation.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Energy Levels on the Physiological Parameters and Reproductive Performance of Gestating Gilts

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1004-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Jin ◽  
S. W. Jung ◽  
J. C. Jang ◽  
W. L. Chung ◽  
J. H. Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Dietary Energy

Effect of postweaning implantation of zeranol and dietary energy level on growth and reproductive performance of replacement beef heifers

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Makarechian ◽  
P. F. Arthur ◽  
M. A. Price
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Maintenance Energy Requirement ◽  
And Control ◽  
Calving Difficulty ◽  
Effect On Growth

Eighty-one heifer calves weaned at an average age of 6 mo were used to study the effect of postweaning zeranol implantation, on the growth and reproductive performance of heifers fed to grow slowly on three dietary energy levels. Forty heifers were implanted with 36 mg of zeranol at 30 d and again at 120 d postweaning. The remaining heifers were used as ummplanted controls. Within the implanted and control groups, heifers were subdivided into three groups and fed either a low, medium or high energy diet, which provided approximately 105, 130 and 160%, respectively, of NRC maintenance energy requirement, until 1 yr of age. The heifers were then turned out to pasture with hay supplementation. Heifers were exposed to bulls for 35 d at approximately 14 mo of age. Zeranol had no significant effect on growth. The effect of zeranol on the reproductive traits studied was not significant, although the trend was that the zeranol implanted heifers had lower calf crop born (52.3 vs. 63.6%) and lower incidence of calving difficulty (18.5 vs. 32.1%) than control heifers. The level of energy in the diet had a significant (P < 0.01) effect on growth of the heifers, with those on the high energy diet having the highest mean growth rate, but no significant effect on reproductive performance. Key words: Zeranol, dietary energy, growth, reproduction, heifers

scholarly journals Carcass characteristics of immunocastrated steers finished on diets with different energy patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. De Moura ◽  
D.C.A. Filho ◽  
I.L. Brondani ◽  
L.B. Pereira ◽  
G. Joner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various dietary energy levels on the carcass and meat characteristics of feedlot-finished steers. A total of 27 purebred and crossbred Charolais and Nellore steers were used, with a mean initial age of 22 months and weight of 253 kg. The animals were allotted to a completely randomized design with three treatments and nine replicates each. Dietary treatments were arranged so that the average forage to concentrate ratio (FCR) was equivalent to that of a constant FCR treatment. The treatments consisted of CT (constant FCR at 60 to 40), CT5 (starting with 70: 30 FCR and finishing with 50: 50 FCR, that is, a mean overall FCR of 60: 40), and CT10 (starting with 80: 20 FCR and finishing with 40: 60, that is, a mean overall FCR of 60: 40). The dietary treatments did not affect slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass conformation, physiological maturity, subcutaneous fat thickness, ribeye area, marbling score, and carcass measurements or the yield of commercial cuts. Chilling loss was higher in CT10 steers (2.41%) than in CT (2.26%) and CT5 (2.15%).

scholarly journals 038 Effect of dietary energy intake on nutrient utilization, performance, and maintenance requirements in late gestation cows and their calves

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 19-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Early ◽  
J. E. Sawyer ◽  
L. A. Trubenbach ◽  
C. J. Boardman ◽  
J. R. Baber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Dietary Energy Intake ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

The response of lactating sows and their litters to different dietary energy allowances. 1. Milk yield and composition, reproductive performance of sows and growth rate of litters

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. O'Grady ◽  
F. W. H. Elsley ◽  
R. M. MacPherson ◽  
I. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dietary Energy Intake ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

SUMMARYTwenty-four gilts were used at each of two centres in an experiment designed to examine the effects of dietary energy intake during lactation on yield and composition of sows' milk and the growth of their litters. Gestation feed intake was standardized at 2 kg per day supplying 6·28 Meal digestible energy (DE) and 280 g crude protein. The energy levels fed during lactation ranged from 12·2 to 18·25 Meal DE per day for gilts, 12·9 to 19·6 Meal DE per day for second parity and from 13·2 to 20·25 Meal DE per day for third parity sows. Daily crude protein intake and amino acid balance ofthe protein were kept constant.In the first lactation milk yield and composition and growth of litters were not influenced by dietary energy intake. In the second lactation milk yield was depressed by lower energy intakes and this was reflected in litter weights at 21 though not at 42 days. In the third lactation lower energy intakes seriously depressed milk yield and daily output of milk nutrients. On the lowest level of energy, milk yield was 32% lower at day 24 and 20% lower at day 41 of lactation than on the highest energy level. The corresponding depressions in litter weights were 17·2 and 13·5% at 21 and 42 days respectively.

Performance and carcass characteristics of intact and castrated male Black goat kids fed diets of various energy levels

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Abdullah ◽  
F. T. Awawdeh ◽  
H. S. Musallam ◽  
H. H. Titi ◽  
B. S. Obeidat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Black Goat

Thirty Black goat male kids were used in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement to evaluate the effects of three dietary energy levels (EL) and early castration (TRT) on growth performance, body and carcass characteristics. Upon weaning at 90 days of age, kids were randomly divided into three equal groups (n = 10: five intact and five castrated) and assigned to one of the three dietary treatments containing 15% CP and different energy levels: low (LEL; 10.44 MJ ME/kg DM), medium (MEL; 11.60 MJ ME/kg DM) and high energy (HEL; 12.90 MJ ME/kg DM). Kids were individually fed on an ad libitum basis and were slaughtered at the end of the fattening period. Results showed no differences between castrated and intact kids in feed and nutrient intake. The level of dietary energy affected dry matter intake (P < 0.05), metabolisable energy intake (P < 0.01), crude protein intake (P < 0.05), neutral detergent fibre (P < 0.001) and acid detergent fibre intakes (P < 0.001). Dry matter intake was 280, 305 and 264 g/kg W0.75.day for kids receiving LEL, MEL and HEL diets, respectively. Metabolisable energy intake was the highest for kids receiving the MEL diet (0.90 Mcal/kg W0.75.day) compared with LEL (0.73 Mcal/ kg W0.75.day) and HEL (0.88 Mcal/kg W0.75.day) diets. Final liveweight and average daily gain (ADG) were greater (P < 0.01) in MEL diets. Kids fed MEL gained 133 g/day, while ADG values were 92 and 100 g/day for kids fed LEL and HEL diets, respectively. Total muscle percentage was greater (P < 0.05) for kids fed MEL diets (55.9%) compared with LEL (53.8%) and HEL (51.1%) diets. Castrated kids had lower (P < 0.01) carcass muscle percentage, but higher carcass (P < 0.01) and subcutaneous (P < 0.001) fat percentages than intact kids. It can be concluded that the best growth performance was observed in kids receiving the MEL with no differences between castrated and intact kids. Castration influenced accretion of fat in castrated kids.

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