Effects of feed-borne Fusarium mycotoxins on performance, plasma chemistry and hepatic fractional protein synthesis rates of turkeys

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Chowdhuryand ◽  
T. K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Plasma Chemistry ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Finisher Diets

In the first experiment, 225 day-old male turkey poults (5 pens/diet and 15 birds/pen) were fed corn, wheat and soybean meal based starter, grower, developer and finisher diets formulated with uncontaminated grains or contaminated grains or contaminated grains + 0.2% glucomannan polymer (GMP). In the second experiment, the same starter diet was also fed over a 4-wk period to 48 male turkey poults (2 pens/diet and 8 poults/pen) to determine hepatic fractional protein synthesis rates (FSR). Consumption of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins significantly decreased body weight gain throughout the experiment compared with controls. Supplementation of diets containing contaminated grains with GMP prevented the reduction in body weight gain in the starter, developer and finisher periods. Efficiency of feed utilization decreased in grower and developer periods when birds were fed contaminated diets. Plasma total protein, albumin, globulin and uric acid concentrations were decreased after 4 wk of feeding compared with controls (P < 0.05). It was concluded that performance and plasma chemistry of turkeys were sensitive to the feeding of a diet containing a combination of mycotoxins arising from naturally contaminated grains and the feeding of GMP can prevent some of these adverse effects. Key words: Fusarium mycotoxins, turkey performance, hepatic FSR

Whole canola/pea and whole canola/canola meal blends in diets for broiler chickens 2. Determination of optimal inclusion levels

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. O. Fasina ◽  
G. L. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Finisher Diets

Whole canola/pea (WCP, 1:1 wt/wt) or whole canola/canola meal (WCC, 3:1 wt/wt) were heat-processed using a commercial pellet mill prior to incorporation in broiler starter (0–20 d) and finisher diets (20–40 d). The pelleted blends readily disintegrated in the preparation of the mash diets. Body weight gain of broilers (0–40 d) fed WCP (0, 10, 20, or 30%) or WCC (0, 5, 10, or 15%) declined linearly with level of dietary inclusion (P < 0.01). Feed intake declined curvilinearly (P < 0.01) with both blends, with lower intake most apparent at the higher inclusion levels. Feed/gain increased for broilers fed WCP or WCC (P < 0.01). Overall broiler mortality declined incrementally with inclusion of WCP (P < 0.07) or WCC (P < 0.03) in the diet. Although there was no distinct limitation on the dietary inclusion levels of either blend, the low feed intake with broilers fed 15% WCC indicated that its level should not exceed 10% of the diet. Key words: Canola seed, canola meal, peas, broiler chickens

Cyclopiazonic acid augments the hepatic and renal oxidative stress in broiler chicks

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 910-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Malekinejad ◽  
P. Akbari ◽  
M. Allymehr ◽  
R. Hobbenaghi ◽  
A. Rezaie
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Cyclopiazonic Acid ◽  
Cell Swelling ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to serious tissue injuries. The effect of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) on oxidative stress markers in the liver and kidneys of broiler chicks was studied. Ten-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned into the control and test groups, which received normal saline and 10, 25, and 50 μg/kg CPA, respectively, for 28 days. Body weight gain, serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured after 2 and 4 weeks exposure. Moreover, the total thiol molecules (TTM) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the liver and kidneys were assessed. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in body weight gain between the control and test groups. Whereas, the hepatic weight increased significantly (p < 0.05) in animals that received 25 and 50 μg/kg CPA. Both ALP and GGT level in serum were elevated in comparison to the control group. CPA also resulted in uric acid, creatinine, and BUN enhancement in broilers. The MDA content of the liver and kidneys showed remarkable increase. By contrast, the TTM levels in the liver and kidneys were significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated. Histopathological findings confirmed the biochemical changes in either organ characterized by inflammatory cells infiltration along with severe congestion and cell swelling, suggesting an inflammatory response. These data suggest that exposure to CPA resulted in hepatic and renal disorders, which were reflected as biochemical markers alteration and pathological injuries in either organ. The biochemical alteration and pathological abnormalities may be attributed to CPA-induced oxidative stress.

scholarly journals OBSERVATIONS ON THE COMPARATIVE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF NIGHT FED AND NIGHT FASTED BROILER FINISHERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
E. A. O. Laseinde ◽  
F. A. Igbasan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Night Feeding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Better Than

Four-week old broiler finishers were raised in 8 deep litter pens under two treatments, night feeding and night fasting. The birds were fed ad libitum during the day and equally exposed to all necessary management practices. The trial was conducted to observe the comparative body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (F.1) and feed utilization (F.U) between the birds under the two treatments, as well as the body weight shrinkage arising from the night fasting by the night fasted birds. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in BWG between birds in the two treatments except at week 5. An equivalent of 62% of the day time BWG was lost to fasting by the night fasted birds. The loss was, however, adequately compensated during the day time feeding. Body weight shrinkage due to the night fast increased with age and was most pronounced between 9 -10 weeks of age. No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in F.1. between the night fed and night fasted birds. For the former, F.I. was higher during the day from ages 5 to 8 weeks and higher during the night at ages 9 and 10 weeks. night fasted birds utilised feed averagely better than the night fed ones. Results from this study show that there is no significant advantage in feeding broiler finishers at night.

scholarly journals Effects of nanoencapsulated aloe vera, dill and nettle root extract as feed antibiotic substitutes in broiler chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Meimandipour ◽  
Ali Nouri Emamzadeh ◽  
Ali Soleimani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Antibiotic Group ◽  
Finisher Diets

Abstract. Aloe vera, nettle and dill are herbs that have been used in the poultry diet as feed additives to utilise their benefits in improving performance, immune response and health of broiler chickens. However, reactive and volatile properties of bioactive compounds in herbal extracts cause limitations on direct usage of them in the diet. The use of chitosan (CS) nanoparticles for the entrapment of active components has gained interest in the last few years due to its mucous adhesiveness, non-toxicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. This study was an effort to evaluate effects of nanoencapsulated extracts of aloe vera, dill and nettle root used in diet on performance, carcass traits and serum immunoglobulin (IgM and IgY) concentrations in broiler chickens. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by using ionotropic gelation principle. After nanogel preparation of herbal extracts, a total of 240 Ross (308) broiler chicks were divided into eight treatments, with three replicates of 10 birds. The eight dietary treatments consisted of control (no additives), antibiotic (bacitracin 500 g t−1), non-encapsulated and nanoencapsulated extracts of aloe vera, dill and nettle root. In each experimental period, non-encapsulated (free extracts) and nanoencapsulated extracts of aloe vera, dill and nettle roots were added in amounts of 0.02, 0.025 and 0.05 % to starter, grower and finisher diets, respectively. Birds in different treatments received the same diets during the experimental periods. Results revealed that increasing both non-encapsulated and nanoencapsulated herbal extracts to 0.05 % in finisher diets improved body weight gain in the time period of 28–42 days and consequently the whole time from 1 to 42 days. However, in these periods, birds fed a diet containing nanoencapsulated dill extract had a significantly (P  <  0.05) higher body weight gain compared with the antibiotic group, while non-encapsulated dill extract treatment was intermediate. The addition of nanoencapsulated nettle extract in diet significantly (P  <  0.05) improved feed conversion efficiency in the 28–42-day period compared with the antibiotic group. In comparison with the antibiotic group, nanoencapsulation of dill extract could profoundly improve growth performance and can therefore be used as a substitute for antibiotics in the diet of broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Supplementation of Corn-Soybean Based Broiler’s Diets with Different Levels of Acid Protease

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Yadav ◽  
RA Sah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Acid Protease ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein ◽  
Finisher Diets

A study was conducted at the Animal Science Farm, Tuntungin, Putho of the Institute of Animal Science, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines, during 2001-2002 to find out the supplementation effects of corn-soybean based broiler’s diet with acid protease on its performance. The parameters studied were: growth, feed consumption, nutrient digestibility and economic analysis. Three hundred day-old, male broiler chicks were group brooded and fed with commercial pre-starter diets for seven days. Thereafter the chicks were randomly distributed to 30 cages with 10 chicks each. Five treatments randomly assigned to the 30 cages using a Completely Randomized Design. The treatments were: basal diet, diet with reduced crude protein, diet with reduced crude protein + 0.05 % protease, diet with reduced crude protein + 0.075 % protease, and diet with reduced crude protein + 0.1 % protease. The body weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, and carcass quality were recorded. The results showed that one per cent reduction in CP of the diet significantly decreased the crude protein digestibility of broiler starter and finisher diets. Although the protease supplementation of reduced CP diet consistently and significantly improved the digestibility of CP in broiler starter and finisher diets. Dietary protease inclusion at 0.075 percent significantly improved mean body weight gain in broiler at 28 days of age. Average cumulative feed consumption was significantly lower at 0.05 percent protease supplementation in broiler finisher diet. The highest income was derived from broilers fed diet supplemented with 0.075 percent protease. Further research should be carried out to confirm the results. Key words: Broiler, corn-based, and acid protease J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26:65-70 (2005)

scholarly journals Effects of omitting vitamin- mineral premixes from finisher diets on performance, carcass parameters and blood characteristics of broilers fed maize- or wheat- based diets

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
M Abed ◽  
W Razuki ◽  
N Al-Naif
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Finisher Diets

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of cereal sources (maize or wheat) and omitting premix from finisher diets (from 29 to 42 days of age) on broiler performance, carcass measurements, and blood biochemical properties. Before starting an experiment, chicks were fed on two dietaries (240 chicks/maize-soybean meal and 240 chicks/wheat-soybean meal diets) from one-day old to 28 d of age. Four hundred and eighty day-old Ross-308 male broiler chicks were used in a 14-day trial (from 3/11/2016 to 16/11/2016). The experiment consisted of 4 treatments as follows: Treatment 1, no withdrawn of premix from maize-soybean meal diets, treatment 2, withdrawal premix from maize-soybean meal diets, treatment 3, no withdrawn of premix from wheat-soybean meal based diets and treatment 4, withdrawal premix from wheat-soybean meal diets. Each dietary treatment consisted of 8 replicates (15 birds/ pen). Body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratios, carcass parameters, blood biochemical properties were not affected by the withdrawal of vitamin and trace mineral premixes from maize-based diets, but the reduction in body weight gain, relative weight of heart, bursa of Fabricius and abdominal fat was noticed in birds fed wheat-based diets deficient in vitamins-minerals premixes. Blood biochemical properties were not affected by cereal type and vitamins-minerals premix withdrawal.

scholarly journals Lowering Effect of Selenium and Yogurt on Nuts Contaminated With Aflatoxins Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Amnah M. A. Alsuhaibani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Feed Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Elevated Creatinine

Nuts which contaminated with aflatoxins are potent to hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic agents. Herein, we were assessed the ability of selenium and yogurt to ameliorate aflatoxin-contaminated nut-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. Relative to the control group, the aflatoxin-contaminated nut-fed rats has been reduced body weight gain and feed efficiency ratio (FER), whereas those rats given selenium or yogurt, or both, and consumed 3% aflatoxin-contaminated nuts showed no significant decrease in body weight gain or decrease in FER. Food intake did not vary significantly between the groups. After 60 days, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities were increased in the serum of rats fed aflatoxin-contaminated nuts, suggesting hepatic damage. The 3% aflatoxin-contaminated nut-fed group has been reduced total protein and serum, liver glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase(GPX and SOD) enzymes but elevated creatinine, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as liver MDA, compared to the control group. Moreover, we were found that feeding of the rats by selenium, yogurt or both could be normalize of liver and antioxidant enzyme levels (GPX, SOD, and MDA), as well as total protein, albumin, globulin, and uric acid contents. Based on our findings, we were proposed that selenium and yogurt could reduce the side effects of hepatotoxicity in experimental rats that have consumed aflatoxin-contaminated nuts.

PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN RAMI (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) DAN PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH DAUN RAMI UNTUK PENGGEMUKKAN DOMBA WONOSOBO

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Muryanto Muryanto ◽  
Pita Sudrajad ◽  
Amrih Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
Boehmeria Nivea ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
The Given

The aim of the study was to determine the development of ramie plants (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) and the effect of using ramie leaves on feed on the body weight gain of Wonosobo Sheep (Dombos). Research on the development of ramie plants using survey methods in the area of ramie plant development in Wonosobo Regency. While the research on the use of ramie leaves for fattening was carried out in Butuh Village, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency in 2018. 21 male Dombos were divided into 3 feed treatments with forage proportions of 70%, 50% and 30 ramie leaves respectively. %. The results showed that currently ramie plants were being developed in Wonosobo Regency by CV. Ramindo Berkah Persada Sejahtera in Gandok Village, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java. Until now the area of the crop has reached 13 ha. Of this area will produce ramie leaves 195,000 kg / year. If one sheep needs 4 kg of ramie / tail / day leaves, then the potential capacity of sheep is 135 heads / year, if the given one is 50% then the Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Volume 16 202 Nomor 2 – Desember 2018potential capacity is 270 heads / year and if it is reduced again to 25% of ramie leaves then the potential capacity 440 heads / year. The use of ramie leaves as a feed for Wonosobo Sheep fattening can be given as much as 30% in fresh form.

Eisenia bicyclis Inhibits Body Weight Gain and Fat Accumulation Induced by High-Fat Diets in Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Hee Choi ◽  
Ji-Yun Ahn ◽  
Sun-A Kim ◽  
Tae-Wan Kim ◽  
Tae-Youl Ha
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Eisenia Bicyclis ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets
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