Comparison of fatty acids in beef tissues from conventional, organic and natural feeding systems in western Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler D. Turner ◽  
Jessica Jensen ◽  
Jessica L. Pilfold ◽  
Dipesh Prema ◽  
Kingsley K. Donkor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Niche Market ◽  
Ratio Production ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Biohydrogenation Intermediates ◽  
Feeding Systems

Turner, T. D., Jensen, J., Pilfold, J. L., Prema, D., Donkor, K. K., Cinel, B., Thompson, D. J., Dugan, M. E. R. and Church, J. S. 2015. Comparison of fatty acids in beef tissues from conventional, organic and natural feeding systems in western Canada. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 49–58. The effect of production system on intramuscular and associated trim fatty acid (FA) profiles of retail ribeye steaks from conventional and niche market organic and natural (grain- or grass-fed) beef were compared. Meat from organic grain- and grass-fed systems was leaner, containing greater proportions of polyunsaturated FA, i.e., 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, 22:6n-3. Correspondingly, the n-6/n-3 ratios of organic grain- and grass-fed systems were 3:1, while conventional and natural grain systems had ratios of 8:1. High forage-to-grain ratio production systems increased proportions of desirable biohydrogenation intermediates (BI), including t11-18:1 and c9,t11-18:2, whereas conventional and natural grain systems elevated t10-18:1. Trim fat was similarly affected by production system, and was a relatively richer source of BI. Overall, proportions of desirable FAs, including n-3 and BI, were greater for organic grain- and grass-fed systems, emphasizing the importance of a high forage-to-grain ratio to enhance the healthfulness of beef, whereas conventional and natural grain-fed systems were largely equivalent.

scholarly journals Egg Production Systems, Open Space Allowance and Their Effects on Physical Parameters and Fatty Acid Profile in Commercial Eggs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Stefano Paolo Marelli ◽  
Manuela Madeddu ◽  
Maria Grazia Mangiagalli ◽  
Silvia Cerolini ◽  
Luisa Zaniboni
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Production System ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Outdoor Space

Food function is nowadays not merely limited to nourishment supplying; consumers’ interest is oriented to food healthiness and nutritional value, animal welfare, environmental impact of animal productions, and products’ traceability. The objective of the present work is to compare physical parameters and fatty acids profiles of market eggs produced from hens housed in four different systems. In addition, the effects of the presence of an outdoor space allowance (IND = no outdoor space allowance, OUT = outdoor space allowance) on the same parameters have been investigated. Sixty-nine market eggs from four different production systems labelled as Alternative (ALT), Enriched Cage (ECA), Litter Floor (LIF), and Organic (ORG) have been analysed. Physical parameters and fatty acid concentrations were measured. An ANOVA analysis was performed with production system and outdoor space allowance as sources of variation, two Principal Component Analyses (PCA) were carried out with physical parameters and fatty acid parameters as variables. The effects of the complex interactions occurring among production system, hen welfare, and eggs quality have been analysed in marketed eggs leading to the conclusion that eggs from different production systems available on the market are characterized by differences in fatty acid profile and physical parameters. In physical parameters the differences among systems were influenced by the whole egg weight, albumen weight and yolk weight. In fatty acids parameters the determining variables are the content in polyunsatured fatty acids (PUFA), linoleic acid concentration, and n6/n3 ratio.

scholarly journals Fatty acids in intramuscular fat of Ile de France lambs in two different production systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-403
Author(s):  
Milan Margetín ◽  
Marta Oravcová ◽  
Jana Margetínová ◽  
Róbert Kubinec
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract. The fatty acid (FA) composition in the intramuscular fat (IMF) of the musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) of Ile de France purebred lambs in two different production systems in Slovakia was evaluated using gas chromatography. In the first production system, lambs and ewes were assigned to pasture without access to concentrates (P). In the second system, lambs and ewes were confined indoors with hay/silage and access to concentrates (S). An analysis of variance with the following factors was employed: production system, sex, and production system–sex interactions. The proportions of arachidonic, eicosapentaeonic, docosapentaeonic, and docosahexaenoic FAs, i.e. long-chain polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), were significantly higher in P lambs (1.83, 0.82, 0.92, 0.29 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively) than in S lambs (0.45, 0.14, 0.30, 0.09 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively). The proportions of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), n-6 PUFA, n-3 PUFA, and essential FA (linoleic and α-linolenic) were also significantly higher in P lambs (2.10, 8.50, 4.55, and 8.80 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively) than in S lambs (0.65, 3.27, 1.50, and 3.64 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively). The proportions of palmitic acid and myristic acid as important individual saturated FAs (SFA) were significantly higher in S lambs (28.51 and 8.30 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively) than in P lambs (21.80 and 5.63 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively). The proportion of all SFAs was also significantly higher in S lambs (57.87 g 100 g−1 FAME) than in P lambs (48.70 g 100 g−1 FAME). From a nutrition and human health point of view (i.e. higher proportions of PUFA, CLA, and essential FAs and lower proportions of SFAs), meat from P lambs was found to be more favourable and would be more highly recommended for consumption.

Grass finishing and the residual effect of pasture prior to concentrate finishingon the shelf stability of late-maturing bull beef

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (14) ◽  
pp. 1745
Author(s):  
S. Siphambili ◽  
F. J. Monahan ◽  
E. G. O'Riordan ◽  
M. McGee ◽  
A. P. Moloney
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Lipid And Protein Oxidation ◽  
Ad Libitum

Context The finishing of late-maturing bulls on grass is economically more favourable than finishing on cereal concentrates but it may have a negative effect on oxidative stability. Aim To determine the effect of varying levels of pasture feeding during the finishing period on the oxidative stability of bull beef. Methods Groups of eight late-maturing breed sired bulls were assigned to one of the following production systems: (1) pasture only for 200 days (P), (2) pasture only for 100 days followed by pasture plus 50% of the dietary dry matter (DM) intake as concentrate for 100 days (P-C50), (3) pasture plus 50% of the DM intake as concentrate for 200 days (C50), (4) pasture only for 100 days followed by ad libitum concentrates for 100 days (P-C), (5) pasture plus 50% of the DM intake as concentrate for 100 days followed by ad libitum concentrates for 100 days (C50-C) and (6) ad libitum concentrates offered indoors for 200 days (C). The M. Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle was excised post-slaughter for proximate, fatty acid and α-tocopherol analysis and for measurement of lipid and protein oxidation and colour stability. Results The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration and proportion in muscle were higher (P < 0.001) in C50 bulls compared with P, P-C50 and P-C bulls. The concentration of highly peroxidisable PUFA was at least 1.3-fold higher (P < 0.001) in the muscle of C50 bulls than of C and P-C bulls whereas the proportion was at least 1.5-fold higher (P < 0.001) in muscle of P, P-C50 and C50 bulls compared with C and P-C bulls. There was a higher (P < 0.001) concentration of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids in muscle of bulls fed on concentrate in the last 100 days (P-C, C50-C and C) compared with those fed on grass (fully or partially) in the last 100 days (P, P-C50 and C50). α-Tocopherol concentration was at least 1.5-fold higher (P < 0.001) in muscle of P bulls compared with C, C50-C and P-C bulls. Redness, redness stability, lipid and protein oxidation did not differ between treatments (P > 0.05). Conclusions The increase in highly peroxidisable PUFA in beef, by increasing pasture in the finishing ration did not increase susceptibility to oxidation, most likely due to a concomitant increase in α-tocopherol. Implications Beef can be produced from late-maturing bulls grazing on pasture for 200 days without impacting negatively on oxidative stability.

scholarly journals Engineering Escherichia coli FAB system using synthetic plant genes for the production of long chain fatty acids

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Kassab ◽  
Monika Fuchs ◽  
Martina Haack ◽  
Norbert Mehlmer ◽  
Thomas B. Brueck
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Production System ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Background Sustainable production of microbial fatty acids derivatives has the potential to replace petroleum based equivalents in the chemical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. Most fatty acid sources for production oleochemicals are currently plant derived. However, utilization of these crops are associated with land use change and food competition. Microbial oils could be an alternative source of fatty acids, which circumvents the issue with agricultural competition. Results In this study, we generated a chimeric microbial production system that features aspects of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic fatty acid biosynthetic pathways targeted towards the generation of long chain fatty acids. We redirected the type-II fatty acid biosynthetic pathway of Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain by incorporating two homologues of the beta-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase I and II from the chloroplastic fatty acid biosynthetic pathway of Arabidopsis thaliana. The microbial clones harboring the heterologous pathway yielded 292 mg/g and 220 mg/g DCW for KAS I and KAS II harboring plasmids respectively. Surprisingly, beta-ketoacyl synthases KASI/II isolated from A. thaliana showed compatibility with the FAB pathway in E. coli. Conclusion The efficiency of the heterologous plant enzymes supersedes the overexpression of the native enzyme in the E. coli production system, which leads to cell death in fabF overexpression and fabB deletion mutants. The utilization of our plasmid based system would allow generation of plant like fatty acids in E. coli and their subsequent chemical or enzymatic conversion to high end oleochemical products.

Carcass and meat quality of organic lambs compared with lambs reared under traditional and intensive production systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omur Kocak ◽  
Bulent Ekiz ◽  
Hulya Yalcintan ◽  
Akin Yakan ◽  
Alper Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Overall Acceptability

The aim of the study was to compare the meat quality characteristics of male lambs reared under organic (n = 9), intensive (n = 10) and traditional (n = 10) production systems. The average daily gain of organic lambs (121.4 g) was lower than lambs of intensive (161 g) and traditional (157.8 g) systems. Production system had no significant effect on carcass weight and dressing percentage. Differences among production systems for meat pH, drip loss, cooking loss, shear force value and colour characteristics were not significant. Traditional lambs had a higher percentage of total polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acid : saturated fatty acid ratio, whereas organic lambs had the highest percentage of total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the lowest n-6 : n-3 ratio. In accordance with the meat fatty acid composition, meat from the organic and traditional systems used here was healthier than meat from intensive system. But the results of sensory assessment indicate that meat from traditional system was found more acceptable by panellists in terms of flavour intensity, flavour acceptability and overall acceptability when compared with that of organic meat.

VARIETAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON RAPESEED: II. FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF THE OIL

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Craig ◽  
L. R. Wetter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Major Variation ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

The content of C16, C18, C20, C22 fatty acids were measured by gas liquid phase chromatography and linoleic and linolenic acids by spectral analyses on the oil from seven varieties of rapeseed grown at seven stations in Western Canada. Significant differences were found between varieties for all oil properties except the content of C16 acids. The major variation occurred in C18, C22 and linoleic acids with lesser amounts in the C20 and linolenic acids. The varieties Golden, Argentine, Regina II and Swedish are classed as high, Gute and Arlo as intermediate, and Polish as low erucic acid oils.

Enhancing pork flavor and fat quality with swine raised in sylvan systems: Potential niche-market application for the Ossabaw hog

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Talbott ◽  
M. Todd See ◽  
Peter Kaminsky ◽  
Don Bixby ◽  
Michael Sturek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Niche Markets ◽  
Niche Market ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
Trained Panel ◽  
Distant Relative

Our global food supply becomes more vulnerable as we continue to lose diverse genetic resources. The Ossabaw hog is a feral breed that is unique to North America, a distant relative to the renowned Iberian hog and is considered an endangered swine breed. The objective of our farmer participatory project was to examine the meat and fat characteristics of Ossabaw hogs raised in alternative management systems for niche-market application. At one farm, eight Ossabaw pigs were randomly assigned to a grass pasture and fed a free choice corn–soy (CS) ration or placed in a mixed hardwood forest plot and provided free choice peanuts in the shells (P), alfalfa pellets (A) and mast from the mixed hardwoods (diet collectively referred to as PAM). The two diets had no effect on Ossabaw production data or pork quality characteristics; however, fat profiles were altered. Ossabaws weighed approximately 70 kg when harvested at 400 days and produced chops with small loin eyes (21–23 cm2) and minimal evidence of intramuscular fat deposits (1%). The unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) to saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio improved from 1.6 to 2.6 (P<0.01) as a result of feeding the PAM diet. Forest-finished Ossabaw pork was considered more flavorful by food critics and renowned chefs than that of conventionally fed animals. Mast from hardwoods offers the possibility of enhancing pork flavor for niche markets and using a renewable forest resource as a food source. For farm two, eight Ossabaw gilts and eight crossbred progeny (from European breeds) were randomly assigned to one of the two dirt-lots and fed free choice a CS ration or PA diet (same ration as mentioned above with no mast). Ossabaw hogs grew nearly one-third as fast as the crosses and weighed approximately 80% of the crosses' harvest weight at twice their age. Loin eye areas of the crosses were nearly twice as large as the Ossabaws while the subcutaneous back fat deposition was nearly half. Compared to the CS diet, the PA ration decreased SFA by 23% while polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increased by 60%. The USFA to SFA ratios improved from 1.5 to 2.2 (P<0.01) when PA diets were fed. Differences (P<0.05) in USFA profiles were observed for breed effects; Ossabaws had 8% higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and 18% lower PUFA levels than the crosses. When adjusted for breed effects, no differences in sensory characteristics for the CS versus PA diets were detected by a trained panel. Ossabaws were more flavorful than the crosses (2.3 versus 1.6); (P<0.05).

Impact of calving seasons and feeding systems in western Canada. II. Meat composition and organoleptic quality of steaks

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obioha N. Durunna ◽  
Hushton C. Block ◽  
Alan D. Iwaasa ◽  
Shannon L. Scott ◽  
Clayton Robins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Organoleptic Quality ◽  
Meat Composition ◽  
Feeding Systems

Durunna, O. N., Block, H. C., Iwaasa, A. D., Scott, S. L., Robins, C., Khakbazan, M., Dugan, M. E. R., Aalhus, J. L., Aliani, M. and Lardner, H. A. 2014. Impact of calving seasons and feeding systems in western Canada. II. Meat composition and organoleptic quality of steaks. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 583–593. Fatty acid profiling, meat and organoleptic quality assessments were conducted on 160 carcasses of crossbred steers born into one of two calving systems and later assigned to one of two postweaning feeding systems. The steers were weaned from either an early calving or late calving system and later assigned to either a rapid-gain feeding (RF) or a slow-gain feeding (SF) system. The RF steers received a silage–hay diet during the backgrounding period prior to finishing, while the SF steers received a hay diet at backgrounding and then grazed alfalfa–meadow bromegrass pasture and annual cereal swaths prior to finishing. All treatment groups received a conventional diet during finishing until the steers attained a target backfat thickness or body weight. Fatty acid analyses were conducted on longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) and subcutaneous fat samples. Other analyses included LDM composition, tenderness and taste panel evaluations. Total saturated fatty acid was greater (P<0.02) in samples from RF steers, while total monounsaturated fatty acid was greater (P<0.01) in SF steers. The SF steers had greater (P<0.01) conjugated linoleic acid concentration. There was no main or interaction effect (P>0.05) on beef aroma, flavour and tenderness but the SF steaks had lower (P=0.02) cooking losses than RF steaks. The SF strategy has the potential to create a value chain that would lead to finished steers with higher backfat omega-3, conjugated linoleic acid and trans vaccenic acid and less cooking moisture losses.

scholarly journals The choice of animal feeding system influences fatty acid intakes of the average French diet

OCL ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. D205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Schmitt ◽  
Constance Ferry ◽  
Guillaume Mairesse ◽  
Nathalie Kerhoas ◽  
Guillaume Chesneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Production System ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
French Population ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
The Impact

Fatty acids intake of French adult population does not comply with the French Population Reference Intakes (PRI). The aim the study is to quantify the impact of a modification of animal feeding system on the fatty acids intake of French population. A 15-day diet representative of average consumption for the French adult male population was developed with animal products derived either from conventional production system (STD) either from a specific production system (Bleu-Blanc-Cœur®[BBC]) that acts on the fatty acids profile of animal products. The impact of a such change in feeding system on fatty acids content has been quantified. BBC diet contributes to reducing the gap between the fatty acid content of a STD diet and the PRI with highest impact on C12:0–14:0–16:0 fatty acids (−4.6 g/d,i.e.63.3%), C18:3n-3 (+0.8 g/d,i.e.48.2%), C20:5n-3 (+35 mg/d,i.e.42.7%), C22:6n-3 (+49 mg/d,i.e.35%) and the C18:2n-6/C18:3n-3 ratio (−4.9 points,i.e.43.5%). The research also shows that animal products complement one another. Consuming a variety of animal source foods derived from a specific feeding practices could help reduce the gap between actual consumption and recommended dietary intake of fatty acids.

Implications of genotype X nutrition interactions for efficiency of milk production systems

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Mayne ◽  
F. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Feeding Systems

AbstractMajor increases in the rate of genetic improvement in the dairy herd have been obtained in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland since the mid 1980s. The implications of increases in genetic merit and the possible consequences of genotype X nutrition interactions on the efficiency of milk production systems are reviewed. The majority of previous studies with dairy cattle of moderate genetic merit suggest little evidence of genotype X nutrition interactions across a range of nutritional and management regimes, with higher milk production of high merit cows largely accounted for by effects on nutrient partitioning. However, more recent results suggest a significant re-ranking of sires when evaluated under either intensive feeding systems or in systems with a high reliance on grazed pasture.Under intensive feeding systems higher animal performance has been obtained with high merit cows across a range of concentrate inputs and feeding systems. However, recent results from the Langhill studies provide the first tentative evidence of a genotype X nutrition interaction, with significantly different regression coefficients between genetic merit (as assessed by pedigree index) and milk production, under either low or high forage diets. The implications of these results are that high merit cows may be unable to express their full genetic potential for milk production when offered a high forage (or low energy density) diet. Consequently, the influence of other factors which have a major effect on voluntary food intake, and hence nutrient intake, e.g. forage dry matter content and forage digestibility, may be relatively more important with high genetic merit dairy cows.It is concluded that higher milk production in high merit cows is largely attributable to variation in partitioning of nutrients, rather than to changes in food intake or digestive efficiency. Consequently, it is important fully to assess the animal performance and welfare implications of maintaining high genetic merit dairy cows under systems which may limit nutrient intake, e.g. under high forage regimes involving a high reliance on grazed or conserved forage. The major challenge for research and dairy herd management is to increase food intake with grass- and/or grass silage-based diets, thereby reducing the need for high levels of concentrates input to prevent excessive body condition loss with high genetic merit dairy cows in early lactation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document