Effect of pre-slaughter overnight feed withdrawal on pig carcass and muscle quality

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Murray ◽  
W. Robertson ◽  
F. Nattress ◽  
A. Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Feed Withdrawal ◽  
Body Component ◽  
Gut Fill ◽  
Carcass Contamination

The effects of three feed withdrawal treatments (unfasted, 15 h overnight fast at the abattoir, 15 h overnight fast at the piggery) and three additional abattoir lairage times (0–1, 2–3 or 4–5 h) on pig carcass and non-carcass body component yields and on muscle quality characteristics were evaluated. Liveweight yield was lower (P < 0.05) for pigs fasted in the abattoir (by 17 g kg–1) and the piggery (by 22 g kg–1) than for unfasted pigs given a 2–5 h abattoir lairage. Of this decrease, 40–50% was attributed to a lower carcass yield, while the remainder was attributed to a decrease in yield of non-carcass components, especially the gastrointestinal tract. Feed withdrawal decreased (P < 0.05) the amount of distension of the intestinal tract, and increased (P < 0.05) the amount of carcass skin damage due to fighting. It had no effect (P > 0.05) on carcass lean yield, amount of shrink during the chilling process, yield of wholesale cuts, yields of dissected lean, fat and bone in the wholesale cuts, or moisture, fat and protein levels in the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle. The overnight fast had little impact on LT muscle quality with the exception of slight darkening of the colour of muscles of pigs from which feed was withdrawn at the piggery. Feed withdrawal has the potential to reduce the problem of disposal of gut contents and the risk of carcass contamination as a result of nicking the gastrointestinal tract, and to slightly darken muscle tissue without affecting other meat quality traits. These benefits must be balanced against a decreased carcass yield and an increase in skin damage due to fighting. Key words: Feed restriction, fasting, gastrointestinal tract, gut fill, carcass yield, pork quality

scholarly journals MON-589 Studying Mechanisms of Satiety in the Human Ileum and Colon

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anya Ramgulam ◽  
Martina Tashkova ◽  
Maeve O’Driscoll ◽  
Georgia Franco Becker ◽  
Hannah Stephens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Clinical Research Facility ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract Background The gut-brain axis plays important roles in the regulation of appetite and glucose homeostasis. The presence of nutrients and their digestive products in specific regions of the gastrointestinal tract modulates neuronal and hormonal signalling, including the release of the appetite-suppressing gut hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY). While there has been significant research into the upper gut mechanisms behind satiation, i.e. the termination of meal, the role of the ileum and colon in satiety, i.e. the process which delays a subsequent meal, has been relatively little investigated, particularly in humans. Methods Ten healthy volunteers attended our Clinical Research Facility for two visits of four days each. At each visit they had either a nasoileal or a nasocolonic tube inserted under fluoroscopy. They were then provided a diet rich in protein and fibre to promote satiety. Gut contents and blood samples were taken before and during test meals at the start and end of the visit, and visual analogue scales were used to measure subjective feelings of appetite. Metabonomic analysis of gut fluid was carried out using a combination of in-house NMR and LC-MS-based methods. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to investigate effects on the colonic microbiome. Circulating levels of glucose, the gut hormones GLP-1 and PYY, and the pancreatic hormones insulin and glucagon were measured. Results and discussion The test meals resulted in sustained suppression of appetite and release of GLP-1 and PYY. Ileal and colonic microbial profiles were distinct from those identified in stool samples, and changed with adaptation to the high protein and fibre diet. Integrating hormonal, metabonomic and bacterial datasets from these human studies gives insight into how nutrient and metabolite sensing in the gastrointestinal tract regulates appetite and glucose homeostasis, and may suggest novel therapeutic targets for metabolic disease.

SOURCES OF SALMONELLAE CONTAMINATION OF MEAT FOLLOWING APPROVED LIVESTOCK SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURES. II

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 635-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Childers ◽  
E. E. Keahey ◽  
P. G. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Equipment Contamination ◽  
Beef Products ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Carcass Contamination

Samples were taken from 218 animals of 3 species slaughtered at 3 plants to determine the spread of bacterial contamination during slaughter. Salmonellae and Escherichia coli were cultured from swabs taken of the equipment during slaughter, from various carcass sites, and from fecal samples. The study indicated that some equipment contamination occurred during slaughter and that carcass washing did not remove contaminants but simply washed them lower on the carcass. Rumen/cecum samples were most effective for isolation of salmonellae from the gastrointestinal tract. The average level of salmonellae contamination of the carcass for all species was 10% and of the processed product, 2%. There were no salmonellae isolated from cattle carcasses. Isolation of the bung (rectum) with a plastic bag did not reduce contamination but sterilization of the bung dropper's knife between carcasses reduced the incidence by an average of greater than 50%. Salmonellae were isolated from boneless mutton but not from raw or cooked pork and beef products. Isolations from the hide were closely related with carcass contamination. Enrichment and non-enrichment media isolations of salmonellae were closely related.

The effects of fasting, electrolyte supplementation and electrical stimulation on carcass yield and meat quality in bulls

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
A. L. Schaefer ◽  
A. K. W. Tong
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Weight Losses

Eighty-nine yearling beef bulls were allocated to one of four lairage treatment groups of either 0, 12, 24 or 36 h. Except for the 0-h group, all animals were given a 4-h road transport followed by either 12, 24 or 36 h in lairage pre-slaughter without feed and water. An electrolyte solution was offered during lairage to groups of bulls within the fasting treatments. Following slaughter and dressing, alternate carcass sides were stimulated (470 V, 1.5 A, 60 Hz) for 60 s, and data on muscle quality were collected. Fasting resulted in a progressive reduction in warm and cold carcass weight (as a proportion of final live weight) and reduced liver, rumen and intestine proportions. Electrolyte supplementation was effective in reducing carcass weight losses and appeared to have its greatest effect on bulls kept in lairage for 36 h. Fasting and electrolyte supplementation had few effects on muscle quality. Electrical stimulation reduced muscle shear value, lowered final muscle pH, brightened muscle colour at 24 h post mortem but had no effect on marbling score. It was concluded that electrolyte supplementation increased carcass yield in fasted bulls but had little beneficial effect on meat quality. On the other hand, electrical stimulation improved several quality parameters, including muscle shear value. Key words: Bulls, cattle, fasting, lairage, electrical stimulation, meat quality

The administration of sugar solutions to pigs immediately prior to slaughter 2. Effect on carcass yield, liver weight and muscle quality in commercial pigs

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Fernandes ◽  
W. C. Smith ◽  
M. Ellis ◽  
J. B. K. Clark ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Sugar Feeding ◽  
Glucose Syrup

ABSTRACTThree field trials were undertaken to determine the influence of feeding sugar solutions to pigs immediately prior to slaughter on carcass yield, liver weight and muscle quality. In the first, which involved 168 pigs of 85 to 95 kg live weight, provision of a glucose syrup solution in lairage (4 h) followed by water (12 h), compared with water-only (16 h) increased carcass yield (3%) and liver weight (27%) and reduced muscle ultimate pH (0·1 to 0·4 unit). When water was not made available after consumption of the sugar there was no response in carcass yield. In the second trial conducted with 169 pigs of 110 to 125 kg live weight, and involving the same treatments as in Trial I, except that sugar was provided for a longer period (6 h), corresponding responses in carcass yield, liver weight and muscle ultimate pH were +2·7%, +24% and a decrease of 0·2 to 0·3 units. In both trials responses to sugar feeding were less when compared with pigs slaughtered shortly after arrival at the abattoir. In the final trial, which also involved heavy pigs (88), access to a glucose syrup solution (9 h), but not a sucrose one, followed by water (8 h), relative to water-only in lairage, improved carcass yield (1·1%). Liver weight was increased with glucose (34·2%) and markedly so with sucrose (49·7%) and both sugars reduced muscle ultimate pH (0·1 to 0·6 units).

Broiler Carcass Contamination with Campylobacter from Feces during Defeathering

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2063-2066 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. BERRANG ◽  
R. J. BUHR ◽  
J. A. CASON ◽  
J. A. DICKENS
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
The Third ◽  
Feed Withdrawal ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Commercial Processing ◽  
Broiler Breast ◽  
Carcass Contamination ◽  
Skin Samples

Three sets of experiments were conducted to explore the increase in recovery of Campylobacter from broiler carcasses after defeathering. In the first set of experiments, live broilers obtained from a commercial processor were transported to a pilot plant, and breast skin was sampled by a sponge wipe method before and after defeathering. One of 120 broiler breast skin samples was positive for Campylobacter before defeathering, and 95 of 120 were positive after defeathering. In the second set of experiments, Campylobacter-free flocks were identified, subjected to feed withdrawal, and transported to the pilot plant. Carcasses were intracloacally inoculated with Campylobacter (107 CFU) just prior to entering the scald tank. Breast skin sponge samples were negative for Campylobacter before carcasses entered the picker (0 of 120 samples). After defeathering, 69 of 120 samples were positive for Campylobacter, with an average of log10 2.7 CFU per sample (approximately 30 cm2). The third set of experiments was conducted using Campylobacter-positive broilers obtained at a commercial processing plant and transported live to the pilot plant. Just prior to scalding, the cloacae were plugged with tampons and sutured shut on half of the carcasses. Plugged carcasses were scalded, and breast skin samples taken before and after defeathering were compared with those collected from control broilers from the same flock. Prior to defeathering, 1 of 120 breast skin sponge samples were positive for the control carcasses, and 0 of 120 were positive for the plugged carcasses. After passing through the picker, 120 of 120 control carcasses had positive breast skin sponge samples, with an average of log10 4.2 CFU per sample (approximately 30 cm2). Only 13 of 120 plugged carcasses had detectable numbers of Campylobacter on the breast skin sponge, with an average of log10 2.5 CFU per sample. These data indicate that an increase in the recovery of Campylobacter after defeathering can be related to the escape of contaminated feces from the cloaca during defeathering.

scholarly journals Oenanthe Javanica Extract Protects Mouse Skin from UVB Radiation via Attenuating Collagen Disruption and Inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Her ◽  
Bich-Na Shin ◽  
Yun Lee ◽  
Joon Park ◽  
Dae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Type Iii Collagen ◽  
Type I ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Photodamaged Skin ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Oenanthe Javanica ◽  
Cox 2

In recent years, the use of botanical agents to prevent skin damage from solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has received considerable attention. Oenanthe javanica is known to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This study investigated photoprotective properties of an Oenanthe javanica extract (OJE) against UVB-induced skin damage in ICR mice. The extent of skin damage was evaluated in three groups: control mice with no UVB, UVB-exposed mice treated with vehicle (saline), and UVB-exposed mice treated with 1% extract. Photoprotective properties were assessed in the dorsal skin using hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson trichrome staining, immunohistochemical staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting to analyze the epidermal thickness, collagen expression, and mRNA and protein levels of type I collagen, type III collagen, and interstitial collagenases, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3. In addition, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein levels were also assessed. In the UVB-exposed mice treated with extract, UV-induced epidermal damage was significantly ameliorated. In this group, productions of collagen types I and III were increased, and expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-3 were decreased. In addition, TNF-α and COX-2 expressions were reduced. Based on these findings, we conclude that OJE displays photoprotective effects against UVB-induced collagen disruption and inflammation and suggest that Oenanthe javanica can be used as a natural product for the treatment of photodamaged skin.

scholarly journals Expression of extracellular glutathione peroxidase in human and mouse gastrointestinal tract

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (6) ◽  
pp. G1463-G1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris M. Tham ◽  
John C. Whitin ◽  
Kenneth K. Kim ◽  
Shirley X. Zhu ◽  
Harvey J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Extracellular Milieu ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Intestinal Protein ◽  
Human Large Intestine ◽  
Human And Mouse

Extracellular glutathione peroxidase (EGPx) is a glycosylated selenoprotein capable of reducing hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxides, free fatty acid hydroperoxides, and phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides. We found that human large intestinal explant cultures synthesize EGPx and cellular glutathione peroxidase (CGPx) and secrete EGPx. The level of EGPx mRNA expression relative to α-tubulin was similar throughout the mouse gastrointestinal tract. EGPx mRNA transcripts have been localized to mature absorptive epithelial cells in human and mouse large intestine. Western blot analysis of mouse intestinal protein has demonstrated the presence of EGPx protein in the small intestine, cecum, and large intestine, with the highest protein levels found in the cecum. Immunohistochemistry studies of human large intestine and mouse small and large intestine sections demonstrated the presence of EGPx protein within mature absorptive epithelial cells. In human large intestine and mouse small intestine, EGPx protein is also present in the extracellular milieu. These results suggest a role for EGPx in protection of the intestinal tract from peroxidative damage and/or in intercellular metabolism of peroxides.

Increasing feed withdrawal and lairage times prior to slaughter decreases the gastrointestinal tract weight but favours the growth of cecal Enterobacteriaceae in pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 119 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Martín-Peláez ◽  
S.M. Martín-Orúe ◽  
J.F. Pérez ◽  
E. Fàbrega ◽  
J. Tibau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Feed Withdrawal

scholarly journals The Gastrointestinal Tract of the White-Throated Woodrat (Neotoma albigula) Harbors Distinct Consortia of Oxalate-Degrading Bacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 1595-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron W. Miller ◽  
Kevin D. Kohl ◽  
M. Denise Dearing
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Plant Secondary Compound ◽  
And Function ◽  
Toxic Plant ◽  
Dietary Oxalate

ABSTRACTThe microbiota inhabiting the mammalian gut is a functional organ that provides a number of services for the host. One factor that may regulate the composition and function of gut microbial communities is dietary toxins. Oxalate is a toxic plant secondary compound (PSC) produced in all major taxa of vascular plants and is consumed by a variety of animals. The mammalian herbivoreNeotoma albigulais capable of consuming and degrading large quantities of dietary oxalate. We isolated and characterized oxalate-degrading bacteria from the gut contents of wild-caught animals and used high-throughput sequencing to determine the distribution of potential oxalate-degrading taxa along the gastrointestinal tract. Isolates spanned three genera:Lactobacillus,Clostridium, andEnterococcus. Over half of the isolates exhibited significant oxalate degradationin vitro, and allLactobacillusisolates contained theoxcgene, one of the genes responsible for oxalate degradation. Although diverse potential oxalate-degrading genera were distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, they were most concentrated in the foregut, where dietary oxalate first enters the gastrointestinal tract. We hypothesize that unique environmental conditions present in each gut region provide diverse niches that select for particular functional taxa and communities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document