In situ rumen degradation characteristics of sixty cultivars of barley grain

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Khorasani ◽  
J. Helm ◽  
J. J. Kennelly
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Ruminal Digestion

Our objectives were to determine the extent of genetic variability in the rate and extent of ruminal digestion among 60 cultivars of barley, and to evaluate the correlations between ruminal digestion characteristics and chemical composition and test weight of barley cultivars. Barley samples were ground through a 2-mm screen, and bags containing 1 g of ground grains were incubated in the rumen of three late-lactation Holstein cows with rumen cannulae for 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 h. The rate and extent of ruminal digestion were estimated. The insoluble DM fraction ranged from 33.4 to 56.4%, the degradable DM fraction ranged from 34.1 to 60.2%, and the rate of degradation of DM ranged from 0.200 h−1 to 0.624 h−1. Hulled barley cultivars had lower (P < 0.05) soluble and degradable fractions than hulless cultivars. The soluble fraction was positively correlated to starch content of barley cultivars (P = 0.01) and the degradable fraction was correlated to the test weight and CP content (P < 0.01). The observed variability in the ruminal digestion characteristics of barley cultivars indicates that genetic selection holds promise as a means of enhancing the nutritional quality of barley for ruminants. We also observed that 70% of the variation in digestibility could be explained by measures of bulk density, starch content, and kernel weight. Key words: Barley cultivars, in situ degradability

In situ degradabilities of barley grain cultivars

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Lehman ◽  
E. K. Okine ◽  
G. W. Mathison ◽  
J. Helm
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Key Words Barley

Differences in in situ dry matter degradabilities occurred at all incubation times when 22 cultivars of barley gram grown at three locations were examined. Rapidly and slowly degradable fractions ranged from 25 to 40% and from 49 to 65%, respectively. Rates of degradation ranged from 23 to 35% h−1 (P = 0.03). Key words: Barley, cultivars, in situ, degradability, location

Genetic variation and adaptation of 76 Canadian barley cultivars

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kong ◽  
T. M. Choo ◽  
P. Narasimhalu ◽  
P. Jui ◽  
T. Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Yield Test

A study was initiated in 1990 to determine the genetic variation and adaptation of all registered Canadian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars. Seventy-six cultivars were tested at four locations across Canada (Charlottetown, Ottawa, Brandon, and Bentley) in 1991 and 1992. These cultivars were grouped into 10 classes and classes were compared in five categories: eastern vs. western, doubled-haploid (DH) vs. conventional, feed vs. malting, two-row vs. six-row, and hulless vs. covered. These 76 cultivars showed remarkable variation in yield, test weight, kernel weight, plant height, and maturity and responded differently to the environments. Among them, Albany and Chapais had the highest yield and they also yielded well in both Eastern and Western Canada. Thus, some barley cultivars were widely adapted across the whole country. Two-row cultivars had higher test weight and higher kernel weight than six-row and appeared to be more stable in yield over the environments. Eastern two-row cultivars were superior in yield, test weight, and kernel weight than western two-row. Eastern two-row, in general, performed well across Canada. Several western six-row cultivars performed well in both Western and Eastern Canada. Therefore, greater exchanges of breeding materials between the two regions are recommended in order to fully exploit the genetic potentials of new cultivars. DH cultivars yielded as well as conventional cultivars and responded similarly to the environments. This substantiates that complete homozygosity and homogeneity have very little effect on the performance of DH cultivars. Among the western two-row, feed cultivars yielded either higher than or the same as malting cultivars in the eight environments. Hulless cultivars had lower yield, higher test weight and lower kernel weight than covered cultivars. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare, cultivar, yield, adaptation

Chemical characteristics and in situ ruminal parameters of barley for cattle: Comparison of the malting cultivar AC Metcalfe and five feed cultivars

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenton J Hart ◽  
Brian G Rossnagel ◽  
Peiqiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pass Through

The objective of this study was to compare the most widely grown barley cultivar in Canada, AC Metcalfe, a malting type barley, with five feed cultivars. Barley cultivars were grown at one location during 3 consecutive years and barley samples were milled to pass through a 1-mm screen and analysed to determine nutritive value. Additional samples were passed through a roller mill with a gap set at 1.12 mm and incubated ruminally for 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h in 3 dry Holstein cows fitted with rumen cannulae. The rate and extent of rumen digestion were estimated. AC Metcalfe had a higher (P < 0.001) concentration of NDF, and lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of non structural carbohydrates, starch, ADF, total digestible nutrients, and fermentable cell wall carbohydrates compared with the mean of the feed cultivars. The malting cultivar had a higher (P < 0.001) soluble DM fraction, lower (P < 0.05) CP and starch degradation rates, and a lower (P < 0.001) ruminally degradable starch concentration compared with the mean of the five feed cultivars. The results demonstrate that there are only small differences in terms of chemical composition and in situ degradation kinetics between the malting cultivar AC Metcalfe and the five feed cultivars of barley reported here. Key words: Barley, energy, protein, ruminants

scholarly journals In situ rumen degradation of kernels from short-season corn silage hybrids as affected by processing1,2

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan L Miorin ◽  
Lucia Holtshausen ◽  
Vern Baron ◽  
Karen A Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Short Season

Abstract The objective of this in situ study was to evaluate the rumen degradability of kernels from short-season corn hybrids grown for silage in Western Canada (Lacombe, AB) and determine whether decreasing kernel particle size would enhance ruminal degradability in a similar manner for all hybrids. The study was a completely randomized design with 3 beef cows (replicates) and a 6 (hybrid) × 3 (particle size) factorial arrangement of treatments. Kernels were processed to generate three different particle sizes: large (2.3 mm), medium (1.4 mm), and small (0.7 mm). Processed samples were incubated in the rumen for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h using the in situ method and degradation kinetics of DM and starch were determined. Effective rumen degradability (ED) was estimated using a passage rate of 0.04 (ED4), 0.06 (ED6), and 0.08/h (ED8). Hybrids exhibited a range in whole plant DM content (23.7 to 25.0%), starch content (15.9 to 28.1% DM), kernel hardness (21.9 to 34.4 s/20 g) and density (3.57 to 4.18 g/mL), and prolamin content (8.24 to 11.34 g/100 g starch). Differences in digestion kinetics among hybrids were generally more pronounced for starch than DM. The hybrids differed in starch degradability (P &lt; 0.05), with earlier maturing hybrids having lower A fraction, lower kd, and lower ED, with hybrid effects on ED being accentuated with faster passage rate. Kernel DM content (r = −0.85, −0.87), hardness (r = −0.89, −0.86), and density (r = −0.84, −0.85) were negatively correlated with ED4 and ED8 of starch, respectively, due mainly to decreased kd of fraction B. Reducing the particle size of kernels increased ED of starch due to increased A fraction and kd of the B fraction. A tendency (P = 0.09) for hybrid × processing effects for ED6 and ED8 indicated that processing had greater effects on increasing ED of starch for earlier maturing hybrids. We conclude that short-season hybrids that mature early may have lower ED of DM and starch and would benefit from prolonged ensilage time. Kernel processing during silage making is recommended for short-season corn hybrids as a means of enhancing rumen availability of starch.

Effect of starch content and processing method on in situ ruminal and in vitro intestinal digestion of barley grain in beef heifers

2016 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Zhao ◽  
Sumei Yan ◽  
Zhixiong He ◽  
Uchenna Y. Anele ◽  
Mary L. Swift ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Intestinal Digestion

scholarly journals Characterisation of Hulled Oat Grain Physical and Biochemical Parameters Significant for Dietary Products/ Plçkðòaino Auzu Graudu Raksturojums Pçc Diçtisku Produktu Raþoðanai Nozîmîgâm Fizikâlâm Un Íîmiskâm Pazîmçm

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
Māra Bleidere ◽  
Regīna Timbare ◽  
Natalija Bobere ◽  
Madara Paklone ◽  
Ida Jākobsone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Cereal Breeding ◽  
Physical Traits ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract The objectives of the study were to investigate the variability of oat (Avena sativa L.) grain physical traits and chemical composition and to determine relationships between traits. Field experiments including five hulled oat genotypes were carried out at the State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute for two seasons during 2010-2011. Variation of traits was mainly determined by genotype (ω2 = 53 - 88%), with the min/max values for 1000 kernel weight 32.4/36.5 g, test weight 470.0/507.9 g·L-1, hull content 215.4/265.6 g·kg-1, crude protein 110.0/124.9 g·kg-1, starch 456.9/483.0 g·kg-1, β-glucans 28.1/36.6 g·kg-1 and crude fat 46.2/60.0 g·kg-1. Oat variety ‘Arta’ had the highest test weight (507 g·L-1) and contents of crude protein (124.9 g·kg-1), β-glucans (36.5 g·kg-1), α-tocopherol (7.8 mg·kg-1), average crude fat (55.5 g·kg-1) and total phenolics (113.9 mg gallic acid equivalents/GAE 100 g-1 DM) in the grain. Expression of traits significantly depended on meteorological conditions in the specific year. In both years of investigation there were significant (p < 0.05) positive correlations between contents of β-glucans and crude fat, and negative correlation of β-glucans with starch content, total phenolics and antiradical scavenging activity.

Ruminal digestion kinetics of temper-rolled hulless barley

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Z. Yang ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
L. M. Rode
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Temper Rolling ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Digestion Kinetics ◽  
Ruminal Digestion ◽  
Kinetics Of

In situ ruminal digestion kinetics of temper-rolled hulless barley were affected by the moisture content of grain prior to processing. A moisture content of 21% resulted in optimum ruminal digestion of temper-rolled hulless barley. Key words: Hulless barley, grain processing, temper-rolling, in situ digestion, ruminal degradability

The effect of zinc fertilisation and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on grain quality and yield of contrasting barley cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Al Mutairi ◽  
Timothy R. Cavagnaro ◽  
Shi Fang Khor ◽  
Kylie Neumann ◽  
Rachel A. Burton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Zn Nutrition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonisation ◽  
Mir Spectra

Zinc is essential for the functioning of many enzymes and plant processes and the malting process. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve zinc (Zn) uptake in the important cereal crop barley (Hordeum vulgare) on Zn-deficient soils. Here we investigated the impacts of Zn fertilisation and AMF on the yield and grain quality of malting barley cultivars. Five barley genotypes were inoculated or not with the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis, and grown in pots either fertilised with Zn or not. Measurements of Zn nutrition and yield were made for all cultivars. Further analyses of grain biochemical composition, including starch, β-glucan and arabinoxylan contents, and analysis of ATR-MIR spectra were made in two contrasting cultivars. Mycorrhizal colonisation generally resulted in decreased biomass, but increased grain dimensions and mean grain weight. Barley grain yield and biochemical qualities were highly variable between cultivars, and the ATR-MIR spectra revealed grain compositional differences between cultivars and AMF treatments. Mycorrhizal fungi can affect barley grain Zn concentration and starch content, but grain biochemical traits including β-glucan and arabinoxylan contents were more conserved by the cultivar, and unaffected by AMF inoculation. The ATR-MIR spectra revealed that there are other grain characteristics affected by AMF that remain to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Effect of tannic acid on rumen degradation and intestinal digestion of treated soya bean meals in sheep

2000 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. HERVÁS ◽  
P. FRUTOS ◽  
E. SERRANO ◽  
A. R. MANTECÓN ◽  
F. J. GIRÁLDEZ
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Intestinal Digestion ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Ruminal Digestion ◽  
Different Doses

The current experiment was conducted to study the effect of different doses of tannic acid, a hydrolysable tannin, on ruminal degradation and post-ruminal digestion of treated soya bean meals (SBM) in sheep. Samples of SBM were prepared by spraying 100 g SBM with 100 ml distilled water containing 0, 1, 5, 10, 15 or 25 g of commercial tannic acid (S0, STA1, STA2, STA3, STA4 and STA5, respectively). Three ruminally cannulated ewes, that had never consumed tannic acid previously, were used to determine in situ degradability of tannic acid-treated SBM. Intestinal digestibility of protein remaining after 16 h rumen incubation was estimated in vitro. Extent of rumen degradation of SBMs was significantly (P < 0·05) affected by the tannic acid treatment. All doses of tannic acid used in this experiment, even the lowest one (STA1), significantly decreased the extent of N degradation but only doses higher than that used to treat STA3 reduced the extent of DM degradation. This reduction in the extent of DM and N degradation was mainly due to a marked decrease in the immediately degradable fraction (a), which was observed in all treated SBM, and to a lower rate of degradation (c), observed in meals STA3, STA4 and STA5. Intestinal digestion of the non-degraded protein was decreased (P < 0·05) by treatment with the two highest doses of tannic acid (those used to treat meals STA4 and STA5). It was therefore concluded that tannic acid can exert a negative effect both on rumen degradation and on intestinal digestion of SBM, this effect being clearly dependent on the dose used to treat the SBM.

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