Effects of beta-adrenergic receptor agonist and low environmental temperature on the immune system of growing lambs

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Z. Li ◽  
R. J. Christopherson ◽  
C. J. Field
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Beta Agonist ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Cell Ratio ◽  
Cd8 Cell ◽  
Cell Mitogen ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor Agonist

Sixteen lambs were studied to examine the effects of cold environment and a beta-agonist on their immune status. The beta-agonist, L-646, 969, was fed for 4 wk at 0.28 or 0 mg kg−0.75 BW to animals housed in a warm (20 °C) or a moderately cold (0 °C) environment. The cold environment suppressed PWM-stimulated proliferation at week 3 (P < 0.03) and week 4 (P < 0.01). The percentage of CD4 cells and CD4:CD8 cell ratio were decreased at week 1 (P < 0.02; P < 0.05) and week 3 (P < 0.001; P < 0.003), and the percentage of CD2 cells (P < 0.05) was decreased at week 2 at the low-temperature. The beta-agonist did not influence leukocyte profile and lymphocyte functions. The results suggest that a cold environment may influence immune function by suppressing lymphocytes expressing CD2, CD4 and CD4:CD8 cell ratio, and changing lymphocyte proliferative response to a T cell mitogen. Further investigation is required to identify the effects of prolonged and intense cold exposure on the immune system with a large number of animals and the implications of current observations for the health of animals in a cold environment. Key words: Immunity, cold environment, beta-agonist, lambs

Evaluation of Immunoglobulins, CD4/CD8 T Lymphocyte Ratio and Interleukin-6 in COVID-19 Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Marwan Mahmood SALEH ◽  
Abduladheem Turki JALIL ◽  
Rafid A. ABDULKAREEM ◽  
Ahmed AbdulJabbar SULEIMAN
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Cell Ratio ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cd8 Cell ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Cd Markers

Introduction: The outbreak of novel coronavirus COVID-19 infections that started in China late 2019 has spread rapidly and cases have been recorded worldwide. So, in this study, we sought clarification of the clinical characteristics and importance of changing the lymphocyte group, antibodies, CD markers, and interleukin-6 in the serum of COVID-19 patients, which may help to clarify the pathogen and develop new biomarkers. Material and Methods: Venous blood samples had been accumulated from patients before taking any medications. Sera had been separated and saved at (-20°C) until analysis. Serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) were determined in plasma samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and Serum IL-6 was assessed. Results: Median IgM (p=0.001), IgG (p<0.0001), and IgA (p<0.001), were decreased in patients comparing with control the control group. There is a significant decrease in CD3+ and CD4+ cells compared to healthy individuals in patients infected with COVID-19 (p<0.0001). CD19+ cell count decreased in COVID-19 patients compared to that of the control group (p<0.0001). After calculating CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio decreased in COVID-19 patients (p<0.0001). However, CD56+ cells were found to be increased (p<0.0001). Conclusions: IgM, IgG, IgA levels and CD19+, CD4+ cells, CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio were found to be decreased whereas CD8+, CD3+, CD4+ cells were detected to be increased in COVID-19 patients compared to those of healthy controls. Keywords: IL-6, COVID-19, IgG, IgA, IgM, CD markers

Increased Numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in Lesional Skin of Cats with Allergic Dermatitis

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Roosje ◽  
P. J. S. van Kooten ◽  
T. Thepen ◽  
I. C. Bihari ◽  
V. P. M. G. Rutten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Cell Ratio ◽  
Lesional Skin ◽  
Allergic Dermatitis ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Cd8 Cell

The aim of this study was to characterize T cells in the skin of cats with an allergic dermatitis histologically compatible with atopic dermatitis, since T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis in humans. We observed a significantly greater number of T cells in lesional skin of domestic short-haired cats with allergic dermatitis ( n = 10; median age 5.8 years) than in the skin of healthy control animals ( n = 10; median age 5.0 years). In the skin of the healthy control animals, one or two CD4+ cells and no CD8+ cells were found. A predominant increase of CD4+ T cells and a CD4+/CD8+ ratio (mean ± SD: 3.9 ± 2.0) was found in the lesional skin of 10 cats with allergic dermatitis. The CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio in the skin of healthy control animals could not be determined because of the absence of CD8+ cells. The CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio in the peripheral blood of 10 cats with allergic dermatitis (mean ± SD: 1.9 ± 0.4) did not differ significantly from that in 10 healthy control animals (2.2 ± 0.4). The CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio and predominance of CD4+ T cells in the lesional skin of cats with allergic dermatitis is comparable to that found in atopic dermatitis in humans. In addition, the observed increase of CD4+ T cells in the nonlesional skin of cats with allergic dermatitis compared to the skin of healthy cats is similar to what is seen in humans. Cytokines produced by T cells and antigen-specific T cells are important mediators in the inflammatory cascade resulting in atopic dermatitis in humans. This study is a first step to investigate their role in feline allergic dermatitis.

Physiological Responses to Daily Use of Beta-Three Adrenergic Receptor Agonist, Mirabegron

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1146-P
Author(s):  
ALANA O'MARA ◽  
AARON CYPESS ◽  
CHERYL CERO ◽  
JAMES W. JOHNSON ◽  
JOYCE D. LINDERMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor Agonist

scholarly journals Effects of age on immune function in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bochen Song ◽  
Dazhi Tang ◽  
Shaojia Yan ◽  
Hao Fan ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Cell Ratio ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Ifn Γ

Abstract Background There are many diseases in poultry, many of which are caused by poor immune function. It is not clear how cytokines and various immune cell functions change with age in modern broilers. The purpose of this study was to explore the patterns of development of the immunity of the broiler chickens in cage. Results The results showed that there were 3 development patterns of immunity in the broiler chickens. The first pattern was Down-Up. Cytokines and some immune indicators first decreased and then increased, and the lowest levels of immunity basically occurred from d 6 to 13. The second pattern was Up-Down, and from d 30 to 34, the highest levels of non-specific cellular immunity components, such as the peripheral blood mononuclear macrophage ratio, specific cellular immunity components, such as the peripheral blood helper T (Th) cell ratio and T cell and B cell proliferation activity, and mucosal immunity components, such as the ileal CD4, TGF-β1 and IgA mRNA levels, were observed. The third pattern was Up-Up, and the levels of the non-specific cellular immunity components, such as the serum nitric oxide (NO), C3 and C4 levels, the specific cellular immunity components, such as the spleen index, peripheral blood IL-2, IFN-γ/IL-4, cytotoxic T (Tc) cell ratio, and splenic NF-κB mRNA levels, the humoral immunity components, such as the serum IgG level, the mucosal immunity components, such as the ileal MHC-II, CD3d, TCRβ subunit, TCRζ subunit, IFN-γ, pIgR mRNA and ileal mucosa sIgA levels, were continuing to increase from d 1 to 34. Conclusions It could be concluded that the immune system and its function have not developed well in the broiler chickens d 6 to 13 and that the immune system does not mature until d 30 to 34 in the broiler chickens in cages. It is necessary to enhance the immune function of the broiler chickens through nutritional measures from d 1 to 30.

Lack of the CD8+ cell anti-HIV factor in CD8+ cell granules

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl E. Mackewicz ◽  
Baikun Wang ◽  
Sunil Metkar ◽  
Matthew Richey ◽  
Christopher J. Froelich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Antiviral Protein ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Cd8 Cell ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Primary Granule

Abstract In HIV infection, CD8+ cells show cytotoxic and noncytotoxic anti-HIV activity. The latter function is mediated, at least in part, by a secreted antiviral protein, the CD8+ cell antiviral factor (CAF). Because antiviral effector molecules, such as perforin and granzymes, reside in the exocytic granules of CD8+ T cells, we examined the possibility that granules contain CAF-like activity. CD8+ cells from HIV-infected individuals showing strong CAF-mediated antiviral activity were induced to release their granule constituents into culture media. Within 1 hour of stimulation, high levels of granzyme B (a primary granule constituent) were found in the culture fluids of previously activated CD8+ cells. The same culture fluids contained no or very low amounts of CAF activity, as measured with HIV-infected CD4+ cells. Maximal levels of CAF activity were not observed until 5 or 7 days after stimulation, consistent with typical CAF production kinetics. In addition, extracts of granules purified from antiviral CD8+ cells did not show any CAF activity, whereas the cytoplasmic fraction of these cells showed substantial levels of antiviral activity. These findings suggest that CAF does not reside at appreciable levels in the exocytic granules of antiviral CD8+ T cells. (Blood. 2003;102: 180-183)

scholarly journals Long-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist in pediatric asthma

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigemi Yoshihara ◽  
Yumi Yamada ◽  
Toshio Abe ◽  
Osamu Arisaka
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Pediatric Asthma ◽  
Β2 Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor Agonist
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