A study on the variation of feed efficiency in station tested beef bulls

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Liu ◽  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
D. R. C. Bailey ◽  
J. A. Basarab ◽  
R. A. Kemp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Beef Bulls

The records of 282 young beef bulls from eight breeds tested from November 1981 to April 1987 at the Ellerslie Bull Test Station, Alberta, Canada, were used to study the variation in feed efficiency among young performance-tested bulls. Considerable variation existed among the animals in both residual metabolizable energy consumption and residual dry matter consumption. The heritability estimates for residual metabolizable energy consumption and residual dry matter consumption were 0.33 and 0.29, respectively. In addition, residual metabolizable energy consumption and residual dry matter consumption were moderately correlated (r = 0.43) with conventional feed-to-gain ratio, indicating that conventional feed-to-gain ratio only accounted for 18% of the variation in residual metabolizable energy consumption or residual dry matter consumption. It was, therefore, worthwhile to use residual metabolizable energy consumption or residual dry matter consumption as separate measures of feed efficiency. For rapid improvement in feed efficiency in beef cattle, selection pressure should be applied to both growth traits and residual energy consumption or residual dry matter consumption. Multi-trait optimum restricted selection indices and similar selection procedures may serve as useful means in balanced selection programs to improve the productivity of beef cattle. Key words: Feed efficiency, residual ME consumption, beef bulls

Evaluation of the National Research Council (NRC) nutrient requirements for beef cattle: Predicting feedlot performance

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-792
Author(s):  
E. K. Okine ◽  
D. H. McCartney ◽  
J. B. Basarab
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Feeder Cattle

The accuracy of predicted CowBytes® versus actual dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) of 407 Hereford × Angus and Charolais × Maine Anjou (445.6 ± 36 kg) feeder cattle using digestable enery acid detergent fiber (DE) estimated from the (ADF) content [Laboratory analysis method (LAB)] and from values determined in vivo (INVIVO method) was examined. The diet consisted of a 73.3% concentrate diet, 22.0% barley silage, 1.6% molasses, and 3.1% feedlot supplement fed ad libitum (as-fed basis). The calculated DE values of the feed were used to predict the metabolizable energy (ME), net energy of maintenance (NEm), and net energy of gain (NEg) of the diet. These energy values were then used in CowBytes® to predict dry matter intake (DMI), ADG, and days on feed (DOF) necessary to meet targeted quality grade of AA and weights of 522 and 568 kg for the heifers and steers, respectively. There was no effect of gender and prediction method interaction (P > 0.10) on any of the variables measured. There were no (P > 0.05) differences in predicted DMI by either the INVIVO or LAB method but both methods underestimated DMI actually consumed by the cattle by 6.8 and 4.9% (P = 0.007), respectively. Indeed, regression values from these predictive methods and actual DMI were (P < 0.05) different from the one-to-one relationship expected by definition. In spite of the higher actual DMI, the actual ADG of the cattle was 14 and 11% (P = 0.0004) lower than was predicted by either the INVIVO or LAB methods. A possible reason for the lower ADG could be an overestimation of DE of the diet. Thus, if available, users of CowBytes® should use actual DMI from their experience in ration formulation. In addition, the effects of environmental temperature on digestibility of diets should be taken into consideration when using the DE of the diet as determined from in vivo digestibility trials or calculated from chemical analyses in determining the DMI of feedlot cattle. Key words: Beef cattle, performance, CowBytes®, National Research Council

scholarly journals QTLs associated with dry matter intake, metabolic mid-test weight, growth and feed efficiency have little overlap across 4 beef cattle studies

BMC Genomics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Saatchi ◽  
Jonathan E Beever ◽  
Jared E Decker ◽  
Dan B Faulkner ◽  
Harvey C Freetly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Weight Growth

scholarly journals Inclusion of shrimp waste meal in diet of free-range chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.O. Brito ◽  
C.M. Silva ◽  
G.R. Lelis ◽  
A. Corassa ◽  
J.M.D.S. Velarde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Shrimp Waste ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Inclusion Level

Shrimp waste meal (SWM) is a by-product from the processing of shrimp for human consumption. The value of SMW in feeding poultry is not well documented. The objective of this study was to determine the energy value and optimal inclusion level of SWM in the diet of growing chickens. A total of 180 one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to five treatments with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg of SWM included in their diet. There were six replicates of six birds for each treatment. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected by the level of SWM that was fed. Retained dry matter varied from 72.39% in the diet that did not contain SWM to 66.97% in the diet with 200 g/kg of SWM. Nitrogen retention (NR) ranged from 54.70% to 70.10%; N ingested was between 18.71% and 24.03%. Energy intake ranged from 73.57% to 69.33% for the control and the diet with 200 g/kg of SWM, respectively. NR improved with increasing SWM inclusion levels. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and corrected apparent energy metabolizable (AMEn) ranged from 2928 to 2527 kcal/kg and 2774 to 2329 kcal/kg, respectively, relative to the control and 200 g/kg SWM diets. The energy consumption, in kcal/kg, of SWM consumed was AME = 2332-6.971 x SWM and AMEn = 2113-8.128 x SWM. High levels of SWM reduce the dry matter metabolization coefficient and metabolizable energy values in broilers during the growing phase, so it is recommended that up to 100 g/kg should be included, which would provide an AMEn of 1300.2 kcal/kg for free-range chickens in dry matter.

Use of prolonged-release bovine somatotropin for milk production in British Friesian dairy cows. 1. Effect on intake, milk production and feed efficiency in two consecutive lactations of treatment

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Phipps ◽  
R. F. Weller ◽  
N. Craven ◽  
C. J. Peel
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Period ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Bovine Somatotropin ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prolonged Release

SUMMARYIn two consecutive lactations in 1985/86 and 1986/87, 60 cows were injected with 500 mg of Sometribove, methionyl bovine somatotropin (BST), or a placebo at day 60±3 post partum; injections were repeated fortnightly for the remainder of each lactation. All cows received the same complete diet (metabolizable energy (ME) 11·5 MJ/kg dry matter; crude protein 169 g/kg dry matter) ad libitum for the first 20 weeks of lactation, after which, energy concentration of the diet was reduced as yield declined.The administration of BST significantly increased milk yield by 4·3 (P < 0·001) and 3·1 kg/day (P < 0·05) in the first and second lactations, respectively. The mean dry matter (DM) intake of 16·3 kg/day in lactation 1 for the treated group was significantly (P < 0·01) higher than the 14·7 kg/day recorded for the control group. The response in intake was not significant until 6 weeks after treatment started. However, in the pretreatment period of the subseque1t lactation, the DM intake of the cows in the treated group was already significantly (P < 0·01) higher (+ 1·2 kg/day) than that of the control group. Although the DM intake in the treatment period of lactation 2 was also higher for the treated group, the difference from the control group was not significant.With the exception of a significant (P < 0·01) increase in milk protein (control 35·3 g/kg v. treated 36·3 g/kg) in lactation 1, overall milk composition was unaffected by BST treatment. The administration of BST increased apparent feed efficiency (kg 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM)/kg DM intake) by 6 and 10% and gross feed efficiency (kg FCM/MJ ME) by 8 and 6% in lactations 1 and 2, respectively.Animals treated with BST had significantly (P < 0·05) lower scores for body condition during the treatment period in lactation 1. This was, however, recouped during the dry period so that both groups had similar body conditions before the start of the next treatment period.BST administered every 14 days in a prolonged-release formulation increased the yields of milk and milk constituents and apparent and gross feed efficiency during two consecutive lactations of treatment.

The relationship between feed efficiency traits and fertility in young beef bulls

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Awda ◽  
S. P. Miller ◽  
Y. R. Montanholi ◽  
G. Vander Voort ◽  
T. Caldwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Multiple Trait ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Beef Bulls ◽  
The Relationship

Awda, B. J., Miller, S. P., Montanholi, Y. R., Vander Voort, G., Caldwell, T., Buhr, M. M. and Swanson, K. C. 2013. The relationship between feed efficiency traits and fertility in young beef bulls. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 185–192. Great efforts have been taken in recent years for improving feed efficiency in beef cattle. Despite there being several studies on biological factors associated with this trait, little is known about the potential relationships between fertility and feed efficiency in beef cattle. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between feed efficiency traits and bull fertility traits [sperm motility, viability and scrotal circumference (SC)]. From a total of 328 crossbred beef bulls that were subjected to a performance test (112 d in each of 6 yr), SC was measured and semen collected from 110 bulls using the electroejaculation method (average age±SE=417±2.5 d). Sperm were extended, cooled, and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Two residual feed intake (RFI) measures were considered with different prediction models for dry matter intake (DMI), RFIKoch included size and growth rate and RFIbkft included the additional adjustment for backfat thickness (BKFT). Sperm viability, motility and progressive motility of the 10 bulls with the greatest RFIKoch (Hi-RFIKoch) were greater than those of the 10 bulls with the lowest RFIKoch (Lo-RFIKoch; P<0.05, 0.01, and 0.05, respectively). Sperm motility (P<0.01), progressive motility and SC (P<0.05) of the 10 bulls with the greatest RFIbkft (Hi-RFIbkft) were greater than those of the 10 bulls with the lowest RFIbkft (Lo-RFIbkft). In summary, these data indicate that young beef bulls with greater feed efficiency have decreased sperm motility, sperm viability and SC, which is an undesirable effect of selection for improved feed efficiency that needs to be addressed through multiple trait selection.

scholarly journals Genome-wide association study for feed efficiency and growth traits in U.S. beef cattle

BMC Genomics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Seabury ◽  
David L. Oldeschulte ◽  
Mahdi Saatchi ◽  
Jonathan E. Beever ◽  
Jared E. Decker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide

scholarly journals Predicting Metabolizable Energy from Digestible Energy for Growing and Finishing Beef Cattle and Relationships to Prediction of Methane

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
K E Hales ◽  
C A Coppin ◽  
Z K Smith ◽  
Z S McDaniel ◽  
L O Tedeschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
A Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

Abstract Reliable predictions of metabolizable energy (ME) from digestible energy (DE) are necessary to prescribe nutrient requirements of beef cattle accurately. A previously developed database that included 87 treatment means from 23 respiration calorimetry studies has been updated to evaluate the efficiency of converting DE to ME by adding 47 treatment means from 11 additional studies. Diets were fed to growing-finishing cattle under individual feeding conditions. A citation-adjusted linear regression equation was developed where dietary ME concentration (Mcal/kg of dry matter [DM]) was the dependent variable and dietary DE concentration (Mcal/kg) was the independent variable: ME = 1.0001 × DE – 0.3926; r 2 = 0.99, root mean square prediction error [RMSPE] = 0.04, P &lt; 0.01 for the intercept and slope). The slope did not differ from unity (95% CI = 0.936 to 1.065); therefore, the intercept (95% CI = -0.567 to -0.218) defines the value of ME predicted from DE. For practical use, we recommend ME = DE – 0.39. Based on the relationship between DE and ME, we calculated the citation-adjusted loss of methane, which yielded a value of 0.2433 Mcal/kg of DMI (SE = 0.0134). This value was also adjusted for the effects of dry matter intake (DMI) above maintenance, yielding a citation-adjusted relationship: CH4, Mcal/kg = 0.3344 – 0.05639 × multiple of maintenance; r 2 = 0.536, RMSPE = 0.0245, P &lt; 0.01 for the intercept and slope). Both the 0.2433 value and the result of the intake-adjusted equation can be multiplied by DMI to yield an estimate of methane production. These two approaches were evaluated using a second, independent database comprising 129 data points from 29 published studies. Four equations in the literature that used DMI or intake energy to predict methane production also were evaluated with the second database. The mean bias was substantially greater for the two new equations, but slope bias was substantially less than noted for the other DMI-based equations. Our results suggest that ME for growing and finishing cattle can be predicted from DE across a wide range of diets, cattle types, and intake levels by simply subtracting a constant from DE. Mean bias associated with our two new methane emission equations suggests that further research is needed to determine whether coefficients to predict methane from DMI could be developed for specific diet types, levels of DMI relative to body weight, or other variables that affect the emission of methane.

scholarly journals Growth traits and performance of caged Fulani ecotype chickens fed commercial diets meant for broiler and pullet chicks

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
F. E. Sola-Ojo ◽  
K. I. Ayorinde ◽  
A. A. Toye ◽  
S. A. O. Bolu ◽  
I. I. Adedibu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Average Body

Two Hundred and six day old Fulani Ecotype chicks (FEC)were used to investigate the effect of feeding two types of diet (Chick starter diet and Broiler starter diet formulated to meet standard nutritional requirement of pullets and broiler chicks) on growth traits and performance from O to 8 weeks. The broiler starter diet contained 23% Crude Protein (CP) and 3000Kcal/kg Metabolizable Energy (ME), and the Chick starter diet contained 21% CP and 2800Kcal/Kg ME. The growth traits measured were body weight (BW), body length (BL), body girth (BG), wing length (WL), thigh length (TL), drumstick length (DL), keel length (KL), and shank length (SL), while chicks performance were estimated from feed intake. feed efficiency, growth rate and weight gain. Average body weight of chicks fed broiler starter diet were significantly (P<0.05) higher from week 1 to 8. Chicks fed broiler starter diet exhibited numerically higher BL, BG, WL, TL, DL and KL than those fed chick starter diet at all ages and differences were significant (P<0.05) at some ages. Chicks fed broiler starter diet significantly (P<0.05) consumed more feed at week 1 and 2, and they gained more weight than those fed chick starter diet from 0 to 4 weeks (120.51 vs. 97.89g), and 5-8 weeks (255.11 vs. 239.13g). Feed efficiency in chicks fed broiler starter diet was relatively higher by 13.21% than observed in those fed chick starter diet from day old to 4 weeks and this translated to faster growth rate during the period in the former group (34.30% Vs.32.67%). This Study shows that the broiler starter diet produced superior growth traits and better feed efficiency in Fulani Ecotype chicks.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and dry matter digestion of some native and cultivated grasses in Mexico

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 150-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Ramírez ◽  
H. González-Rodríguez ◽  
R. Morales-Rodríguez ◽  
A. Cerrillo-Soto ◽  
A. Juárez-Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Panicum Hallii

The objective of the study was to quantify differences in nutritive value, over four seasons, of native grasses such as <i>Bouteloua curtipendula, Bouteloua trifida, Brachiaria fasciculata, Chloris ciliata, Digitaria insularis, Leptochloa filiformis, Panicum hallii, Panicum obtusum, Paspalum unispicatum, Setaria grisebachii, Setaria macrostachya, Tridens eragrostoides, Tridens muticu</i>s and naturalized <i>chrus ciliaris</i> and <i>Rhynchelytrum repens</i> that are used as forages for grazing beef cattle. <i>Cenchrus ciliaris</i> was included as a reference grass of good nutritional quality. Plants were collected in autumn 2001 and in winter, spring and summer 2002. The nutritive value was assessed in terms of nutrient content, effective rumen degradable dry matter (EDDM), metabolizable energy (ME) and metabolizable protein (MP). Most grasses had crude protein (CP) content comparable to the reference <i>C. ciliaris</i> grass (grand mean = 120 g/kg) and some of them had a higher content (140 g/kg). Cell wall (NDF) and lignin contents were lower in <i>C. ciliaris</i> (650 g/kg, 30, respectively) than in the other grasses (mean = 700 g/kg, 60, respectively). All grasses had less EDDM (mean = 420 g/kg) than <i>C. ciliaris</i> (470 g/kg). All grasses had the ME content (mean = 5.6 MJ/kg DM) that was lower for maintenance requirements of growing beef cattle. Conversely, mean MP values (67 g/kg DM) were sufficient. Lower content of P (annual mean = 120 g/kg DM), Na (0.3) and Cu (40 mg/kg DM) was detected in all grasses to meet the requirements of growing cattle. All grasses, in all seasons, had sufficient CP and MP content to meet the maintenance requirements of growing beef cattle. Higher levels of EDDM occurred in summer and autumn. Because of their good nutritional quality, grasses such as <i>B. fasciculata, C. ciliata, P. hallii, P. obtusum, S. grisebachii, S. macrostachy</i> and <i>T. eragrostoides</i> can be considered as good forages for ruminants.

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