Genetic and phenotypic parameter estimates between production, feed intake, feed efficiency, body weight and linear type traits in first lactation Holsteins

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Kennedy ◽  
J. C. M. Dekkers ◽  
R. K. Moore ◽  
L. Jairath
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Type Traits

Production and feed intake data on 36 115 first lactation Holstein cows obtained from Quebec Dairy Herd Analysis Service were combined with conformation data from the Holstein Association of Canada to estimate genetic correlations among production, energy intake, and conformation traits. Traits considered were 305-d milk yield, 305-d grain energy and total energy intake, feed efficiency (fat corrected milk yield/total energy intake), body weight at calving, capacity, size, stature, rump width and final score. Genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated using Restricted Maximum Likelihood based on two-trait animal mixed model analyses. The model contained fixed effects of herd-year, season of calving, age of calving, sire group and a random animal genetic effect. Estimates of heritability were within the published range for all traits. Of the conformation traits examined, capacity, size and stature had the highest correlations with body weight, with phenotypic correlations between 0.36 and 0.43, and genetic correlations between 0.61 and 0.79. Feed efficiency was negatively correlated to all body size measures, both phenotypically (−0.01 to −0.29) and genetically (−0.31 to −0.53), but most significantly with body weight, capacity, size, and stature. Fat-corrected milk yield showed negligible phenotypic and low to moderately negative genetic (−0.07 to −0.29) correlations with body weight and related type traits. Total energy intake was positively related to all measures of body size, most notably body weight, while grain energy intake had moderately negative genetic correlations (−0.20 to −0.40) with the same body size traits. Because of their detrimental relationships with feed efficiency, negative selection emphasis should be placed on body weight and the related type traits capacity, size and stature. Capacity, size and stature are of moderate utility when selecting indirectly for body weight, total energy intake and feed efficiency. Key words: Dairy cattle, genetics, production, conformation, feed efficiency

26 Are Subjectively Scored Linear Type Traits Suitable Predictors of Genetic Merit for Feed Intake in Grazing Holstein-friesian Dairy Cows?

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Maeve Williams ◽  
Craig P Murphy ◽  
Roy D Sleator ◽  
Siobhan C Ring ◽  
Donagh P Berry
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Genetic Evaluations

Abstract Measuring dry matter intake (DMI) in grazing dairy cows using currently available techniques is invasive, time consuming, and expensive. An alternative to directly measuring DMI for use in genetic evaluations is to identify a set of readily available data sources that can be used in a multi-trait genetic evaluation with DMI. The objectives of the present study were to estimate the genetic correlations between readily available body-related linear type trait information and DMI in grazing, lactating Irish dairy cows and to estimate the partial genetic correlations between linear traits and DMI, after adjusting for differences in genetic merit for body weight. After edits, a total of 8,055 test-day records of DMI, body weight, and milk yield from 1,331 multiparous dairy cows were available, as were chest width, body depth, and stature scores for 47,141 first lactation dairy cows. In addition to considering the routinely recorded linear type traits individually, novel traits were defined as the product of two or three linear type traits as an approximation of rumen volume. The genetic variance of DMI, body weight, milk yield, and linear type traits were estimated using univariate animal linear mixed models. Sire linear mixed models were used to calculate genetic and phenotypic covariances. All linear type traits were moderately heritable (0.27 to 0.49) and genetically correlated (0.29 to 0.63) with DMI. The genetic correlations between the individual linear type traits and DMI, when the latter was adjusted for differences in the genetic merit for body weight, varied from 0.00 to 0.39. If the (partial) genetic correlations were validated with genetic evaluations, routinely available linear type trait records and live weight data could facilitate the selection of DMI in dairy cows, removing the need to capture large amounts of cost prohibitive feed intake phenotypes.

scholarly journals PSVIII-38 Late-Breaking Abstract: Estimating genetic parameters of feed efficiency traits in American mink

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 347-347
Author(s):  
Pourya Davoudi ◽  
Duy Ngoc Do ◽  
Guoyu Hu ◽  
Siavash Salek Ardestani ◽  
Younes Miar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
American Mink ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Selection For

Abstract Feed cost is the major input cost in the mink industry and thus improvement of feed efficiency through selection for high feed efficient mink is necessary for the mink farmers. The objective of this study was to estimate the heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations for different feed efficiency measures, including final body weight (FBW), daily feed intake (DFI), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI). For this purpose, 1,088 American mink from the Canadian Center for Fur Animal Research at Dalhousie Faculty of Agriculture were recorded for daily feed intake and body weight from August 1 to November 14 in 2018 and 2019. The univariate models were used to test the significance of sex, birth year and color as fixed effects, and dam as a random effect. Genetic parameters were estimated via bivariate models using ASReml-R version 4. Estimates of heritabilities (±SE) were 0.41±0.10, 0.37±0.11, 0.33±0.14, 0.24±0.09 and 0.22±0.09 for FBW, DFI, ADG, FCR and RFI, respectively. The genetic correlation (±SE) was moderate to high between FCR and RFI (0.68±0.15) and between FCR and ADG (-0.86±0.06). In addition, RFI had low non-significant (P > 0.05) genetic correlations with ADG (0.04 ± 0.26) and BW (0.16 ± 0.24) but significant (P < 0.05) high genetic correlation with DFI (0.74 ± 0.11) indicating that selection for lower RFI will reduce feed intake without adverse effects on the animal size and growth rate. The results suggested that RFI can be implemented in genetic/genomic selection programs to reduce feed intake in the mink production system.

Statistical Evaluation of Total Energy Intake Based on the Number of Food Portions and Body Weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rousset S ◽  
◽  
Médard S ◽  
Fleury G ◽  
Fardet A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
The Mean

The evaluation of food intake based on various assessment methods is critical and underreporting is frequent. The aim of the study was to develop an indirect statistical method of the total energy intake estimation based on gender, weight and the number of portions. Energy intake prediction was developed and evaluated for validity using energy expenditure measurements given by the WellBeNet app. A total of 190 volunteers with various BMIs were recruited and assigned either in the train or the test sample. The mean energy provided by a portion was evaluated by linear regression models from the train sample. The absolute values of the error between the energy intake estimation and the energy expenditure measurement were calculated for each volunteer, by subgroup and for the whole group. The performance of the models was determined using the validation dataset. As the number of portions is the only variable used in the model, the error was 30.7% and 26.5% in the train and test sample. After adding body weight in the model, the error in absolute value decreased to 8.8% and 10.8% for the normal-weight women and men, and 11.7% and 12.8% for the overweight female and male volunteers, respectively. The findings of this study indicate that a statistical approach and knowledge of the usual number of portions and body weight is effective and sufficient to obtain a precise evaluation of energy intake (about 10% of error) after a simple and brief enquiry.

scholarly journals Yield and nutrient content of milk in eight women breast-feeding twins and one woman breast-feeding triplets

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Saint ◽  
P. Maggiore ◽  
P. E. Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Total Energy Intake

1. The milk yield of eight mothers each breast-feeding twins was determined by test weighing the mothers. Milk yield was determined at 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post partum; however, only one mother was studied at all these times.2. At 6 months post partum the milk yield for individual breasts of three mothers fully breast-feeding and four mothers partially breast-feeding their infants ranged from 0.84 to 2.16 kg/24 h and 0.42 to 1.39 kg/24 h respectively. The average frequency of breast-feeding for the mothers studied at 6 months post partum was 15.4 feeds124 h.3. The milk yield of one mother fully breast-feeding 2.5-month-old triplets was 3.08 kg/24 h and the infants were fed twenty-seven times in 24 h.4. The concentration of lactose, protein and mixed fat in the milk from individual breasts of mothers fully breast-feeding their infants ranged from 65.6 to 82.2, 7.8 to 15.7 and 16.7 to 46.2 g/1 respectively. For the three mothers partially breast-feeding 12-month-old infants the values ranged from 54.8 to 71.8, 14.2 to 19.9 and 4.7 to 40.5 g/l respectively.5. At 6 and 12 months of age, the proportion of the total energy intake of the infants which was derived from breast milk ranged from 64 to 100% and 6 to 13% respectively.6. It is concluded that the maximum potential milk yield for women may be higher than the often quoted value of 70–800 m1/24 h.

Genetic parameters for feed intake and efficiency in lactating beef cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Q. Fan ◽  
J. W. Wilton ◽  
P. E. Colucci
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Total Data

Genetic parameters of feed intake and efficiency and production traits for lactating beef cows were estimated from data collected from 1980 to 1988 at the Elora Beef Research Centre, Guelph, Ontario. Estimates were obtained using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) with an individual animal model with year–season–treatment, sex of calf, parity, breeding system, covariate daily change of backfat depth and direct genetic and permanent environmental effects. The data included 1174 observations, 511 cows, 369 dam–maternal grand dam pairs and 245 sires of cows. Feed efficiency for milk was calculated as milk yield relative to energy consumed for milk and maintenance and residual feed consumption as estimated energy intake minus energy requirements as estimated by the National Research Council. Heritabilities for Herefords alone and total data, respectively, were estimated to be 0.02 and 0.11 for cow's daily ME intake (MEI), 0.26 and 0.26 for daily milk yield (DMY), 0.45 and 0.33 for milk fat percentage (MFP), 0.29 and 0.40 for metabolic body weight (MBW), 0.21 and 0.10 for calf weaning weight as a proportion of cow weight at weaning (PPW), 0.18 and 0.11 for feed efficiency for milk (FE), and 0.23 and 0.03 for residual feed consumption (RFC). Genetic correlations of output (DMY) and input (MEI) were 0.31 for Hereford and 0.75 for the total data. Genetic correlations of RFC with both output (DMY) and input (MEI) were low. Genetically, PPW was positively associated with FE and DMY and negatively associated with MBW. Key words: Genetic parameters, feed efficiency, lactation, beef cow

scholarly journals Association between Low Protein Intake and Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Yamaoka ◽  
Atsushi Araki ◽  
Yoshiaki Tamura ◽  
Shiro Tanaka ◽  
Kazuya Fujihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between protein intake and mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. We analyzed a pooled data of 2494 diabetic patients from two prospective longitudinal studies. Nutritional intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire at baseline. Protein intake per body weight (kg) per day was categorized into quartile groups. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using Cox regression analysis. During the six-year follow-up, there were 152 incidents of all-cause mortality. The HR for mortality in the lowest quartile of protein intake per body weight compared with the highest quartile was 2.26 (95% CI: 1.34–3.82, p = 0.002) after adjustment for covariates. Subgroup analyses revealed significant associations between low protein intake and mortality in patients aged over 75 years or under 65 years. After further adjustment of the total energy intake, a significant association between protein intake and mortality remained in patients aged ≥ 75 years, whereas the association was attenuated in those aged < 65 years. Our results suggest that adequate protein intake is necessary in older diabetic patients over 75 years, whereas with diabetes, whereas whole optimal total energy intake is required in younger patients with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Increased energy intake entirely accounts for increase in body weight in women but not in men in the UK between 1986 and 2000

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. 1399-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Scarborough ◽  
Melanie R. Burg ◽  
Charlie Foster ◽  
Boyd Swinburn ◽  
Gary Sacks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
The Uk

There is debate over the casual factors for the rise in body weight in the UK. The present study investigates whether increases between 1986 and 2000 for men and women were a result of increases in mean total energy intake, decreases in mean physical activity levels or both. Estimates of mean total energy intake in 1986 and 2000 were derived from food availability data adjusted for wastage. Estimates of mean body weight for adults aged 19–64 years were derived from nationally representative dietary surveys conducted in 1986–7 and 2000–1. Predicted body weight in 1986 and 2000 was calculated using an equation relating body weight to total energy intake and sex. Differences in predicted mean body weight and actual mean body weight between the two time points were compared. Monte Carlo simulation methods were used to assess the stability of the estimates. The predicted increase in mean body weight due to changes in total energy intake between 1986 and 2000 was 4·7 (95 % credible interval 4·2, 5·3) kg for men and 6·4 (95 % credible interval 5·9, 7·1) kg for women. Actual mean body weight increased by 7·7 kg for men and 5·4 kg for women between the two time points. We conclude that increases in mean total energy intake are sufficient to explain the increase in mean body weight for women between 1986 and 2000, but for men, the increase in mean body weight is likely to be due to a combination of increased total energy intake and reduced physical activity levels.

72 Relationships Among Lifetime Feed Efficiency Traits in Growing Heifers, Mature Cows and Their Progeny

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
Phillip A Lancaster ◽  
Mike Davis ◽  
Jack Rutledge ◽  
Larry Cundiff
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Test Body ◽  
Production Cycle

Abstract Uncertainty exists in relationships among feed efficiency traits in different production stages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships among feed efficiency traits measured in various stages of production. Data were collected from 1953 through 1980 from dams (n = 160), and their progeny (n = 406). Individual feed intake was measured from 240 d of age through weaning of 3rd calf for dams, and from weaning to slaughter for progeny. Body weight was measured at 28-d intervals until first parturition for heifers and slaughter for progeny, and cows were weighed at parturition and weaning each production cycle. Milk yield of dams was measured at 14-d intervals throughout lactation. Residual feed intake was computed as the residual from linear regression of daily DMI on metabolic mid-test body weight, average daily gain, and milk yield for dams only with year-diet-breed factor as a random effect using lmer function in R software. Pearson correlation coefficients were computed using corr.test function. Pearson correlations of RFI with DMI ranged from 0.58 to 0.74 and with feed:gain or feed:milk ranged from 0.24 to 0.67 within production stage. Heifer RFI was correlated with cow RFI during parity 1 (0.74), but not parity 2 (0.11) or 3 (-0.06). Heifer RFI was correlated with progeny 3 RFI (0.17), but not progeny 1 or 2 RFI. Cow RFI was weakly correlated among parities (0.25 to 0.36) whereas feed:milk was strongly correlated (0.56 to 0.70). Cow RFI was not correlated with progeny RFI of the same parity. In conclusion, RFI was poorly correlated across stage of production.

scholarly journals Summary of a systematic review on oral nutritional supplement use in the community

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Body Function ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Oral Nutritional Supplements

Despite a marked increase in the prescription of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) in the community (Department of Health, 1991–7), there is still uncertainty about the value of their use in patients with different diseases. To answer questions about the effects on ONS on body weight and structure, spontaneous food intake and body function, a critical systematic review was undertaken (Stratton & Elia, 1999a). Eighty-four trials were reviewed (forty-five randomized, thirty-nine non-randomized; 2570 patients; diagnoses including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Crohn’s disease, cystic fibrosis, human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome and cancer). Most studies (83 %) were conducted in patients living at home. The supplements were typically mixed macronutrients in liquid form, providing < 0.42–10.5 MJ/d for 1 week–2 years. The studies reviewed in patients with predominantly chronic conditions living in the community suggested that: (1) ONS produce demonstrable clinical (including functional) benefits, but the nature and extent of these benefits varies with the underlying chronic condition; (2) ONS increase total energy intake with > 50 % of the energy from ONS typically additional to that from habitual food intake; (3) improvements in body weight, total energy intake and body function following ONS appear to occur more frequently in individuals with a BMI < 20 kg/m2 than in those with a BMI > 20 kg/m2.

scholarly journals Consumption of dietary salt measured by urinary sodium excretion and its association with body weight status in healthy children and adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Libuda ◽  
Mathilde Kersting ◽  
Ute Alexy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Body Weight Status

AbstractObjectiveHighly processed foods such as convenience foods usually have a high salt content and therefore might indirectly act as adipogenic due to an increasing consumption of sugar-containing beverages (SCB). We examined the association between dietary salt and body weight status.DesignWe used data on urinary Na excretion as an indicator of dietary salt and BMI standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) and percentage body fat (%BF) of children and adolescents participating in the DONALD (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed) Study.SettingDortmund, Germany.SubjectsChildren and adolescents (n 364) who had at least two 24 h urine samples and two dietary records in the observational period between 2003 and 2009 were considered in our data analysis.ResultsRepeated-measures regression models revealed that urinary Na was positively associated with BMI-SDS (+0·202 SDS/g Na excretion at baseline; P < 0·001) and %BF (+1·303 %BF/g Na excretion at baseline; P < 0·01) at baseline in boys and girls. These associations remained significant after adjustment for SCB consumption and total energy intake. Furthermore, there was a positive trend between baseline Na excretion and the individual change in %BF in the study period (+0·364 increase in %BF/g Na excretion at baseline), which was confirmed after inclusion of SCB consumption or total energy intake. There was no significant association between the change in Na excretion and the concurrent change of either BMI-SDS or %BF in any model.ConclusionsOur results suggest that a high intake of processed salty foods could have a negative impact on body weight status in children and adolescents independently from their consumption of SCB.

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