The effects of methionine supplementation upon milk composition and production of forage-fed dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pacheco-Rios ◽  
W. C. McNabb ◽  
J. P. Hill ◽  
T. N. Barry ◽  
D. D. S. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
And Control

Two experiments (mid- and late lactation) were conducted to test whether methionine (Met) limited milk production in Friesian cows fed sole diets of fresh perennial ryegrass–white clover pasture. In mid-lactation (exp. 1), 26 cows were assigned to one of three treatments: ruminally protected oral DL-Met (15 g d−1), continuous intrajugular infusion of L-Met (15 g d–1) and control. Twelve animals from exp. 1 were used during late lactation (exp. 2) and distributed in two experimental groups: ruminally protected oral DL-Met (15 g d−1) and control. Dry matter, metabolizable energy, crude protein and Met intakes, milk yield and composition and blood Met, cysteine and urea were measured. Oral and intravenous Met supplementation increased blood Met concentration by 50–90% compared with controls. Met supplementation did not alter the concentration of milk fat, protein or lactose in either experiment. Met supplementation had no significant effects on yields of fat, lactose, casein, whey proteins or non-protein nitrogen during mid-lactation. In late lactation, Met supplementation did not affect milk protein composition or yield of milk components, with exception of a decrease (P < 0.05) in the yield of β -casein. Intravenous Met supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the efficiency of conversion of pasture N to milk protein in mid-lactation. Key words: Dairy cows, methionine, ruminally protected methionine, milk protein, casein, fresh pasture diets

scholarly journals The trend of cowmilk yield, its compostion and the body condition during the lactation

2009 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Edit Mikó Józsefné Jónás ◽  
Imre Mucsi ◽  
István Komlósi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Body Condition Scores

The authors examined the data of 2767 trial milkings andthe months Body Condition Scores of 479 Holstein dairy cows. The condition loss was significant between the 30-60th days. The improvement of BCS begins only after the 120th day. The change in the milk protein and milk fat content were close after the condition changing. In each period of the lactation the closeness of the relationship among the condition, the milk quantity and the milk composition were different. In the aspect of the milk quantity the most significant difference was between the 2.5 and 4 BCS cows (6.68 kg) in the last period of the lactation.

Influence of supplementary fish oil and rumen-protected methionine on milk yield and composition in dairy cows

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
YVES CHILLIARD ◽  
MICHEL DOREAU
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Methionine Supplementation

The effects of a daily supplement of 300 ml fish oil and 20 g rumen-protected methionine, alone or in combination, were investigated in mid-lactation cows receiving a maize silage-based diet ad lib. Fish oil significantly decreased feed intake, increased milk yield, decreased protein and casein concentrations, and especially fat concentration (by 13·1 g/kg) and output. Fat concentration decreased more in primiparous than in multiparous cows. Methionine supplementation increased protein and casein concentrations and outputs. No significant interaction between oil and methionine supplementation was found on milk composition. Treatments did not modify live weight or body condition changes, or lactose and non-casein nitrogenous compounds in milk. Oil plus methionine supplementation made it possible to decrease milk fat content without changing protein content.

scholarly journals Production response in dairy cows milked two or three times a day: A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Isidro Sanchez-Duarte ◽  
Alvaro Garcia ◽  
Karla Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
David G. Reta-Sánchez ◽  
Homero Salinas-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milking Frequency ◽  
Production Response

The objective was to evaluate the effects of two (2×) vs three (3×) times per day milking on milk production and milk composition in dairy cows. Fourteen scientific papers, containing production data from 16 trials, where dairy cows were milked 2× or 3×, were analysed using meta-analysis with fixed and random-effects with the R statistical program. The degree of heterogeneity and publication bias were measured with the I2 statistic and Begg’s test, respectively. In addition, the meta-regression analysis explored other sources of heterogeneity for the response. The estimated effect size of 2× and 3× milkings was calculated for dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, and milk composition. Dry matter intake, milk production, and milk fat and protein yields showed substantial heterogeneity (I2>50%). Whereas milk fat-percentage had moderate heterogeneity (I2<50%), and milk protein had no (I2=0%)heterogeneity. The year of publication, trial duration, and cattle breed did not influence production response parameters to milking frequency. We found no evidence of publication bias for the parameters evaluated (Begg’s test; P>.05). Cows milked 2× produced less milk (2.23 kg/d), less milk fat (0.06kg/d), and less milk protein (0.05 kg/d). In contrast, the fat percentage was lower (0.07 units) in 3×, compared with 2× milking frequency. There was no effect of milking frequency on DMI and milk protein percentage. In conclusion, milk production and milk fat and protein yields improves as milking frequency increase from 2× to 3× daily, without affecting DMI. The implementation of 3× milking frequency must consider dairy cow management, labor, and milking parlour infrastructure, particular to each dairy farm.

The effects of protein and energy content of compound supplements offered at low levels to October-calving dairy cows given grass silage ad libitum

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. D. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractNinety-six October calving, multiparous Friesian dairy cows were given from week 2 of lactation perennial ryegrass silage ad libitum, supplemented with one of four compound foods, offered at a flat rate of 3 kg/day. The compound foods differed in crude protein (CP) concentration (210 (LP) and 350 (HP) g/kg dry matter (DM)), achieved by including fish meal at 50 and 250 kg/t respectively; and in metabolizable energy (ME) concentration (12·8 (LE) and 14·0 (HE) M/kg DM), achieved by adding protected fat (approx. 100 kg/t). There were no significant interactions between supplement type in terms of animal performance. Over an average feeding period of 152 days, milk yields were significantly increased by 0·49 kg/day per 100 g supplementary CP (P < 0·01) and 0·50 kg/day per MJ of supplementary ME (P < 0·05).Increasing the level of supplementary CP had no effect on milk composition but significantly increased yield of milk protein (67 g/day). An increase in supplementary ME significantly reduced protein concentration in the milk (1·1 gjkg) but had no effect on protein yield. Yield of milk fat was significantly increased (76 g/day). The additional energy also significantly improved cow fertility in terms of a reduced interval from calving to both first service and conception.

Selection for milk fat and milk protein composition

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bovenhuis ◽  
M. H. P. W. Visker ◽  
A. Lundén
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Composition

The suitability of milk for specific dairy products might be improved by changing milk fat or milk protein composition. In the RobustMilk project, we showed that milk fat composition is determined by genetic factors. In addition, recent studies indicate that milk protein composition is strongly affected by genetic factors. This suggests that there are opportunities to change milk composition by means of selective breeding. Traditional selection is based on large-scale phenotyping and not all analytical methods are suited for this purpose. The RobustMilk project team has shown that several fatty acids can be predicted on the basis of IR spectra. Accuracy of predicting individual milk proteins based on IR spectra is low. In addition to phenotypic records, selection might be based on genotypic information. DGAT1 and SCD1 genotypes are strongly associated with fat composition. β-Lactoglobulin, β-casein and κ-casein protein variants are strongly associated with protein composition. We conclude that tools are now available for changing detailed milk fat or milk protein composition by means of selective breeding.

scholarly journals Feed sorting and intake affected by the physical form and composition of the total mixed ration in dairy cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 736-745
Author(s):  
Félix Hilario Diaz González ◽  
Diego Martínez Del Olmo ◽  
Rodrigo Muiño ◽  
José Luis Benedito ◽  
Joaquín Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Physical Form

AbstractThis study observes the effects of manipulating the diet in its physical form and in cereal composition of the concentrate on sorting behaviour, feed intake, composition of milk, and degree of discomfort in dairy cows. In a commercial dairy farm with 360 mid-lactation Holstein cows (averaged 105 days), three treatments of feeding handling were applied sequentially during 120 days, each separated by periods of 30 days of resting: (1) Time of chopping of the total mixed ration (TMR): 15min (N= 180) and 23min (N= 180), (2) Physical form of the concentrate: meal (N= 180) and pellet (N= 180), and (3) Cereal composition in the concentrate: mix of corn, barley and wheat in traditional proportions (3.6:1:1) (N= 120), barley only (N= 120) and corn only (N= 120). Animals feeding TMR chopped for 23min selected less and consumed more ration, and had more milk protein and less discomfort than cows feeding TMR chopped for 15min. The physical form of the concentrate, meal or pellet, did not affect feed sorting, but the meal form resulted in greater feed intake and milk fat percentage. The type of cereal in the concentrate did not affect feed sorting but affected feed intake, milk yield and milk composition. In conclusion, it is recommended using TMR chopped during 23min instead of 15min and using the traditional mix of cereals in the concentrate (corn, barn and wheat) instead of using only one cereal.

Injectable α-tocopherol for control of oxidized flavour in milk from dairy cows

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Charmley ◽  
J. W. G. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Control Milk ◽  
And Control

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of intramuscular injections of d-α-tocopherol for control of spontaneous oxidized flavour (SOF) in milk. In exp. 1, 12 mid-lactation dairy cows were either not injected or given an intramuscular injection of 1500 or 3000 IU α-tocopherol on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 29-d experiment. Peak blood plasma and milk α-tocopherol levels were observed 1 and 3 d, respectively, after injection. In plasma there was a quadratic response (P = 0.02) in maximum α-tocopherol concentration to the level of α-tocopherol injected, but in milk the response was linear (P < 0.01). Milk fat concentration increased as level of α-tocopherol injected was increased (P < 0.01). Approximately 5% of the injected dose was excreted in milk over the 7 d following injection. In exp. 2, four commercial farms with a SOF problem in milk were used to test the efficacy of injectable α-tocopherol for control of SOF. Prior to the trial, cows with milk susceptible to oxidation were younger (P = 0.04), were at an earlier stage of lactation (P = 0.03) and tended to give more milk (P = 0.08). All cows were given an oral supplmement of 3000 IU dl-α-tocopheryl acetate per day and half were injected with 3000 IU α-tocopherol. Injection reduced the intensity of oxidized flavour (week 1, P < 0.01; week 2, P = 0.09) and elevated the levels of α-tocopherol in milk for up to 2 wk after injection (P < 0.01). α-Tocopherol injected intramuscularly can increase α-tocopherol levels in milk within 3 d and control milk oxidation. Subsequent oral supplementation can prolong these benefits. Key words: Oxidized milk, tocopherol, flavour, dairy cow

Replacing wheat with canola meal and maize grain in the diet of lactating dairy cows: Feed intake, milk production and cow condition responses

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruairi P McDonnell ◽  
Martin vH Staines
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
The Difference

This research paper describes the effect of partially replacing wheat with maize grain and canola meal on milk production and body condition changes in early lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows consuming a grass silage-based diet over an 83-d period. Two groups of 39 cows were stratified for age, parity, historical milk yield and days in milk (DIM), and offered one of two treatment diets. The first treatment (CON) reflected a typical diet used by Western Australian dairy producers in summer and comprised (kg DM/cow per d); 8 kg of annual ryegrass silage, 6 kg of crushed wheat (provided once daily in a mixed ration), 3·6 kg of crushed lupins (provided in the milking parlour in two daily portions) and ad libitum lucerne haylage. The second treatment diet (COMP) was identical except the 6 kg of crushed wheat was replaced by 6 kg of a more complex concentrate mix (27% crushed wheat, 34% maize grain and 37% canola meal). Lucerne haylage was provided independently in the paddock to all cows, and no pasture was available throughout the experiment. The COMP group had a greater mean overall daily intake (22·5vs20·4 kg DM/cow) and a higher energy corrected milk (ECM) yield (29·2vs27·1 kg/cow;P= 0·047) than the CON cows. The difference in overall intake was caused by a higher daily intake of lucerne haylage in COMP cows (4·5vs2·3 kg DM/cow). The CON group had a higher concentration of milk fat (42·1vs39·3 g/kg;P= 0·029) than COMP cows. Milk protein yield was greater in COMP cows (P< 0·021); however, milk fat yield was unaffected by treatment. It is concluded that partially replacing wheat with canola meal and maize grain in a grass silage-based diet increases voluntary DMI of conserved forage and consequently yields of ECM and milk protein.

The Effect of Concentrate Type and Supplementary Lactic Acid or Soya-Oil on Milk Production in Dairy Cows Offered Restricted or Extensively Fermented Grass Silages

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
J G Doherty ◽  
C S Mayne
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids

Several studies have shown increased silage dry-matter intake (SDMI) and improved milk fat concentrations in dairy cows offered restricted fermented grass silages compared to more extensively fermented silages. A recent study suggested that differences in silage intakeper serather than an alteration in rumen fermentation may be responsible for the changes in milk composition observed in the previous studies (Doherty and Mayne, 1993). The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of changes in concentrate composition on milk production parameters in dairy cows offered grass silages of contrasting fermentation type.Two direct cut grass silages were prepared using either an inoculant, containing a single strain ofLactobacillus plantarum, (Ecosyl, 3 1/t fresh weight, Zeneca Products Ltd) or a mixture of aliphatic carboxylic acids (Maxgrass, 6 1/t fresh weight, BP Chemicals Ltd). Two concentrates (high starch or high fibre) were formulated containing either: barley, 300; wheat, 355; and soyabean-meal, 270 g/kg (high starch) or unmolassed sugar-beet pulp, 555; citrus pulp, 100; and soyabean-meal, 270 g/kg (high fibre).

The effects on milk yield and composition of incorporating lactose into the diet of dairy cows given protected fat

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Garnsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fat Supplementation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Group A

AbstractTwenty-eight Holstein/Friesian dairy cows were divided into four groups of seven. From weeks 4 to 15 of lactation they were given a basal diet consisting of 8 kg hay, 2 kg sugar-beet feed and 2 kg grass nuts, together with a concentrate allowance of 8 kg/day. Concentrates for group A were based on cereals and soya (control). Concentrate B contained 60 g protected fat supplement per kg; concentrate C contained 100 g lactose per kg; concentrate D contained 60 g fat supplement and 100 g lactose per kg. Milk yields were 24·6, 27·7, 25·6 and 26·5 kg/day and milk protein concentrations were 32·3, 30·7, 32·7 and 31·9 g/kg for groups A, B, C and D respectively. The effect of fat supplementation on milk yield and protein concentration was significant (P < 0·05) but the effect of lactose was not significant. Milk fat concentration was not significantly affected by treatment. It is concluded that lactose can partially alleviate the depression in milk protein concentration often observed when cows are given protected fat.

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