Nutritional value of wheat for growing pigs: chemical composition and digestible energy content

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Zijlstra ◽  
C. F. M. De Lange ◽  
J. F. Patience
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Key Words Wheat ◽  
Chemical Evaluation ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

Nutritional value of cereal grains varies greatly, and is currently estimated foremost by measuring density, whereas prediction based on chemical composition might be more useful. Thus, 16 samples of wheat were evaluated for density, chemical composition, and digestibility in growing pigs. The chemical evaluation included analyses for crude protein (CP), amino acids, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), starch, and monomer sugars in non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). Digestible energy (DE) content was determined with growing pigs (barrows; 40.8 kg ± 5.3). Density ranged from 57.8 to 77.6 kg hL−1, CP concentration ranged from 13.0 to 18.1%, NDF concentration ranged from 12.9 to 25.0%, NSP concentration ranged from 10.5 to 16.6%, xylose concentration ranged from 4.3 to 6.5%, and DE contentranged from 3701 to 4050 kcal kg−1 Results of chemical analyses were expressed on a dry matter basis. Of the characteristics, xylose had the highest correlation with DE (r = −0.78; P < 0.001), and thus was the best single indicator for DE content (R2 = 0.61; P < 0.001), followed by total NSP (R2 = 0.54), and CP (R2 = 0.49). Density did not predict DE content as well (R2 = 0.43). Using two chemical characteristics, CP and NDF together resulted in the best prediction of DE content (R2 = 0.75; P < 0.001). The results indicate that prediction of nutritional value is more accurate based on chemical characteristics than based on density. Key words: Wheat, digestible energy, growing pig, non-starch polysaccharide

PSIV-B-25 Digestible energy and metabolizable energy of high-fiber ingredients in growing pig diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 394-395
Author(s):  
Jongkeon Kim ◽  
Yun Yeong Jo ◽  
Beob Gyun G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Gluten Feed

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) concentrations in high-fiber ingredients fed to growing pigs. Twelve barrows with an initial body weight of 57.5 kg (SD = 5.7) were individually housed in metabolism crates. A replicated 6 × 3 incomplete Latin square design with 12 animals, 6 experimental diets and 3 periods was employed. A basal diet was composed of 75.0% corn and 22.7% soybean meal (SBM) as the sole energy sources. Four experimental diets were prepared by replacing 40% of corn and SBM with soybean hulls (SH), corn gluten feed (CGF), wheat bran (WB), or rice bran (RB). An additional diet was prepared by replacing 10% of corn and SBM with cashew nut hulls (CNH). Each period consisted of a 4-d adaptation period and a 4-d collection period, and the marker-to-marker procedure was used for total collection of feces and urine. The DE and ME values in RB (3,969 and 3,936 kcal/kg DM) were greater (P &lt; 0.05) than those in CGF (2,654 and 2,520 kcal/kg DM) and SH (2,492 and 2,541 kcal/kg DM) and the energy values in WB (3,162 and 3,118 kcal/kg DM) were not different from those in RB, CGF, or SH. The DE and ME values in CNH (350 and 572 kcal/kg DM) were less (P &lt; 0.05) than those in all other test ingredients. In conclusion, energy concentrations in RB were greatest among the high-fiber test ingredients, whereas CNH had the lowest values.

scholarly journals Predicting corn digestible and metabolizable energy content from its chemical composition in growing pigs

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanfeng Li ◽  
Jianjun Zang ◽  
Dewen Liu ◽  
Xiangshu Piao ◽  
Changhua Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy

Forages in diets for growing pigs 2. Nutrient apparent digestibilities and partition of nutrient digestion in barley-based diets including red-clover and perennial ryegrass meal

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Andersson ◽  
J. E. Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

AbstractGrowing pigs fitted with simple t-shaped cannulas posterior to the ileal-caecal valve were used in a change-over design experiment (5 × 5) to determine the Heal and total tract apparent digestibility and hindgut disappearance of dietary components and energy in a barley-based diet with increasing inclusion of either red-clover or perennial ryegrass meal (proportionately 0·10 and 0·20). The total tract and Heal apparent digestibilities of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), nitrogen-free extractives (NFE) and energy were significantly reduced with increasing inclusion of red-clover and perennial ryegrass meal in the diet (P < 0·05). For all fibrous components (total fibre (TF), neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), acid-detergent fibre (ADF) and crude fibre (CF)), the ileal apparent digestibility was unaffected by level offibre inclusion in the diet. Also the total tract apparent digestibility of TF, NDF and CF were unaffected by red-clover meal inclusion, while in contrast the total tract apparent digestibility of TF, NDF and CF were significantly reduced with perennial ryegrass meal inclusion (P < 0·05). The hindgut disappearance of crude fat, NDF, ADF and CF was not affected by forage meal inclusion, whereas the hindgut disappearance of OM, NFE, TF and energy were significantly lower in the perennial ryegrass meal diets than in both the control diet and the red-clover meal diets (P < 0·05).The total tract apparent digestibility of OM was higher for the control diet compared with the red-clover and perennial ryegrass meal diets. There was also a significantly higher apparent digestibility of OM in the total tract for red-clover meal compared with perennial ryegrass meal (P < 0·05). The Heal apparent digestibility of energy in a barley-based diet with forage meal inclusion decreased proportionately by about 0·014, 0·023 and 0·030 units per unit increase ofTF, NDF and CF in dry matter, respectively. Correspondingly, for the total tract energy apparent digestibility, there was a decrease proportionately by about 0·010, 0·016 and 0·022 units per unit increase of TF, NDF and CF in dry matter, respectively. Digestible energy content was significantly reduced, as measured at the ileum or over the total tract, with increasing inclusion offorage meal (P < 0·05).

Digestible energy contents and apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities in regular or partial mechanically dehulled canola meal samples fed to growing pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. M. de Lange ◽  
V. M. Gabert ◽  
D. Gillis ◽  
J. F. Patience
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Key Words Amino Acid ◽  
Negative Relationships

A study was carried out to determine the influence of partial mechanical tail-end dehulling on apparent ileal amino acid (AA) digestibilities and digestible energy content in canola meal (CM) samples for growing pigs. Twenty Landrace × Yorkshire barrows, with an initial body weight of 35 kg, were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum. Digestibilities were determined in 12 experimental diets with observations from five pigs per diet. Five batches of regular CM were obtained from five different crushing plants in Western Canada. A fraction of these batches was partially dehulled. The regular and partially dehulled CM samples were included at 20% in a barley-based diet. One pooled high-fiber CM sample and a straight barley diet were evaluated as well. Partial dehulling increased (P < 0.05) the digestible energy (DE) content from 12.2 to 13.3 MJ kg DM−1, respectively, and the level of crude protein (CP) from 40.6 to 43.8% in regular and partially dehulled CM samples, respectively. The digestibility of threonine was increased (P < 0.05) by partial dehulling, from 72.1 to 75.5%; the digestibilities of CP, lysine, methionine and cysteine were not affected (P > 0.05). Only the digestibilities of methionine and threonine were lower (P < 0.05) in the high-fiber CM sample than in the regular and partially dehulled samples. Digestible energy content, which ranged from 10.8 to 14.2 MJ kg DM−1, differed (P < 0.05) between crushing plants for both regular and partially dehulled CM samples. The digestibility of lysine did not differ (P > 0.05) between processing plants for the regular CM samples. The digestibility of lysine did not differ (P > 0.05) between processing plants for the regular CM samples. In contrast, there were differences (P < 0.05) in lysine digestibility, ranging from 74.8 to 83.8%, and methionine, ranging from 80.4 to 86.9%, between crushing plants for partially dehulled samples. There were low negative relationships between apparent ileal AA digestibilities and NDF, ADF and CF levels (r < 0.39) and between DE content and NDF, ADF and CF levels (r < 0.36) in the CM samples. In conclusion, the reduction in fiber content by mechanical tail-end dehulling increased the supply of DE and the level of CP, but did not influence apparent ileal CP or AA digestibilities, except for threonine which was slightly increased. Key words: Amino acid, canola meal, dehulling, ileal digestibility, pig

Effect of variety and maturity stage on chemical composition, carbohydrate and protein subfractions, in vitro rumen degradability and energy values of timothy and alfalfa

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Yu ◽  
D. A. Christensen ◽  
J. J. McKinnon ◽  
J. D. Markert
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Insoluble Protein ◽  
Timothy 2 ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of forage variety and stage of maturity on chemical composition, protein and carbohydrate subfractions, in vitro rumen degradability and energy content under the climatic conditions of western Canada. Two varieties of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cvs. Pioneer and Beaver) and timothy (Phleum pratense L. cvs. Climax and Joliette), grown at three locations in Saskatchewan (Canada), were cut at three stages [1 = 1 wk before commercial cut (early bud for alfalfa; joint for timothy); 2 = at commercial cut (late bud for alfalfa; pre-bloom head for timothy); and 3 = one week after commercial cut (early bloom for alfalfa; full head for timothy)]. The results showed that: (1) the varieties had minimal effects on nutritional value; however, (2) stage of cutting had a large impact on chemical composition, protein and carbohydrate fractions, in vitro rumen degradability and energy value. As plant maturity advanced from stage 1 to 3, the following changes were noticed: (a) CP was decreased [alfalfa: 20.2 to 17.6; timothy: 11.1 to 7.9% dry matter (DM)]; fibre was affected very little in alfalfa but increased in timothy [acid detergent fibre (ADF): 38.0 to 40.7; neutral detergent fibre (NDF): 68.7 to 72.8% DM]; lignin and neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDIP) were not affected in either forage; acid detergent insoluble protein (ADIP) was increased in alfalfa (3.5 to 17.1% CP), but no effect was seen in timothy; (b) the rapidly degradable protein fraction (PA) was reduced in alfalfa (51.2 to 34.8% CP) but increased in timothy (9.2 to 27.5% CP); the rapidly degradable fraction (PB1) increased in alfalfa (0.0 to 25.2% CP), but decreased in timothy (31.6 to 16.7%); the intermediate degradable fraction (PB2) decreased in both forages (alfalfa: 14.1 to 5.2; timothy: 37.8 to 29.4% CP); the slowly degradable fraction (PB3) declined in alfalfa (33.1 to 17.7% CP), but was not affected in timothy (averaging 21.3% CP); the unavailable fraction (PC) associated with the cell wall increased in alfalfa (3.5 to 17.1% CP), but did not change in timothy (averaging 5.2% CP); (c) in vitro rumen degradabilities of DM (IVDMD) and NDF (IVNDFD) increased at stage 2 and then declined at stage 3. The highest IVDMD and IVNDFD after a 48-h incubation were at cutting stage 2 (50.5 and 37.3%; 42.8 and 37.3% for alfalfa and timothy, respectively); (d) the energy content behaved in a quadratic fashion; it increased initially and then decreased with the highest energy contents at stage 2 for both forages (TDN1x, DE1x, DEp, MEp, NELp: 63.8% DM, 2.92, 2.68, 2.26, 1.40 Mcal kg-1 DM for alfalfa; 45.3% DM, 2.03, 1.86, 1.43, 0.82 Mcal kg-1 DM for timothy, respectively). In general, the best cutting was found at stage 2, which was late-bud for alfalfa varieties and pre-bloom head for timothy. Key words: Alfalfa, timothy, variety, maturity, nutritive value

Digestible energy content of cereals and wheat by-products for growing pigs

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S Batterham ◽  
C. E. Lewis ◽  
R. F. Lowe ◽  
C. J. McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
By Products ◽  
Proximate Analyses

ABSTRACT1. The digestible energy content of eight samples of barley, sorghum, wheat, weather-damaged wheat and wheat by-products produced from different regions of eastern Australia was determined using growing pigs. The relationships between physical and chemical composition and digestible energy content of the meals were studied.2. The mean and range in digestible energy (MJ/kg, air-dry basis) were, respectively: barleys 12·7 (12·4 to 13·0), sorghums 14·4 (14·1 to 14·9), wheats 14·4 (14·0 to 15·0), weather-damaged wheats 14·1 (12·9 to 14·9) and wheat by-products 12·4 (10·9 to 14·1).3. All possible regressions of digestible energy content against density, gross energy and proximate analyses of the meals were screened to select useful relationships. These screens indicated that, with the exception of wheat by-products, the majority of variation in digestible energy was due to gross energy and fibre. For wheat by-products, a combination of density and fibre accounted for most of the variation.4. Prediction equations had the most application to weather-damaged wheats, wheat by-products and a combination of all samples.5. There was no indication that neutral-detegent fibre was superior to crude fibre as a predictor of digestible energy in cereals for pigs.

scholarly journals Kandungan Energi Bruto, Energi Tercerna dan Energi Metabolis Pakan Cair Fermentasi Berbahan Biji Asam Utuh pada Babi Grower

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Redempta Wea ◽  
Bernadete Barek Koten ◽  
Christian Abimayu Morelaka
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Liquid Feed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Gross Energy

Tamarind seeds have a high energy content but have limited use for pigs because the seed coat is tough and contains anti-nutrient tannins. Therefore, liquid feed fermentation technology is carried out. The aim of this research was to assess the gross energy, digestible energy, and metabolic energy content of liquid feed fermentation (Lff) with different fermentation times in growing pigs. The research materials were whole tamarind seeds, bran, corn, meat and bone meal, and soybean meal. The study used a completely randomized design and consisted of 5 treatments and 5 replications. Treatment = Lf0: Lff time 0 days; Lf1: Lff for 7 days, Lf2: Lff for 14 days, Lf3: Lff for 21days, Lf4: Lff for 28 days fermentation. The research variables were the energy content of the ration and the prediction of digestible energy and metabolic energy value. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan's advanced test. The results showed that the Lff with different fermentation time had a significant effect (P <0,05) on gross energy, digestible energy, and metabolic energy value. The best value of energy is Lff for 21 days. It was concluded that the time for fermentation of liquid feed made from tamarind seeds which can produce good energy content, digestibility, and metabolic energy is 21 days.

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