Prediction of the performance of broiler chicks from apparent metabolizable energy and protein digestibility values obtained using a broiler chick bioassay

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Scott ◽  
F. G. Silversides ◽  
H. L. Classen ◽  
M. L. Swift ◽  
M. R. Bedford
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Broiler Chick ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Enzymes

Samples of wheat (54) and barley (87) were included in a series of broiler chick bioassays. For each cereal, fed at 80% of a basal diet with or without enzyme, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), retained nitrogen, digesta viscosity, excreta dry matter (DM), and broiler performance (feed intake, body weight [BW] gain, and feed conversion) were measured. Correlation coefficients were calculated between the predictor and the performance variables, separated according to whether or not the diets included feed enzymes. Some correlations between measures of AME and BW, feed efficiency, and to a lesser degree feed intake were significant, but none were high. The correlation coefficients were higher when feeds were not supplemented with an enzyme because enzyme supplementation reduced the variation in both AME and performance by reducing the antinutritive effects of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). Including a measure of voluntary intake in AME (AME level multiplied by feed intake) resulted in higher correlations with performance. Evaluation of the feeding value of wheat and barley by researchers or the feed industry will require the determination of available energy and the NSP contents. Key words: Metabolizable energy, performance, wheat, barley, feed enzymes

scholarly journals Phosphorus bioavailability, amino acid digestibility and metabolizable energy of broiler chick diets supplemented with low-oil distiller’s dried grains with solubles

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Cortes ◽  
José Arce-Menocal ◽  
Ernesto Ávila-González ◽  
Carlos López-Coello
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Broiler Chick ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
P Bioavailability

Phosphorus (P) bioavailability, crude protein (CP), amino acid (AA) digestibility, and apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) were determined in broiler chick diets, supplemented with one of two low-oil distiller´s dried grains with solubles (oil contents 6.54% and 5.35% for DDGS A and B, respectively). Diets were provided ad libitum in a mash form, from days 8 to 21 of age. In Experiment 1, one day old male broiler chicks (n=210) were assigned to one of 7 treatments, with 3 replicates of 10 birds each. Animals in treatment 1 (T1) were fed a basal diet formulated to be deficient in nonphytate P (0.14%). Birds in T2 and T3 received the basal diet supplemented with 0.05% or 0.10% of P from monodicalcium phosphate (MCP), respectively. Phosphorus from DDGS was added to diets in T4 (0.05% from DDGS A), T5 (0.1% from DDGS A), T6 (0.05% from DDGS B) and T7 (0.1% from DDGS B). Percent of inclusion of DDGS was dictated by total P content as determined by chemical analyses. Growth performance and P intake were assessed in all birds. Phosphorus bioavailability was determined using the slope ratio assay, with tibia ash as the response variable. For Experiment 2, one-day-old male broiler chicks (n=200), were assigned to 5 treatments with 4 replicates of 10 birds each. A sorghum-soya control diet was given to animals in T1. Treatments 2 and 3 included this same diet supplemented with either 5% or 10% of DDGS A. Birds in T4 and 5 received the control diet with either- 5% or 10% of DDGS B. Amino acid digestibility was measured from ileal contents in 7 euthanized birds from each group at day 21. Apparent metabolizable energy was determined in oven dried feces from all animals during the last 3 days of the experiment.  Weight gain and feed consumption increased (P <0.001) with larger inclusion of dietary P in birds from experiment 1. Relative P bioavailability for DDGS A and B was 72% and 86% respectively, from a P total content of 0.85% and 0.94%.,. Growth performance was similar for all treatment groups in experiment 2 (P >0.05). The average apparent ileal amino acid digestibility coefficient for DDGS A 76.5% and B was 76.4%. No differences were found for essential AA coefficients between the two DDGS (P >0.05). The AMEn values on a dry matter basis were 2828 and 2854 kcal/kg for DDGS A and B, respectively.

The effect of storage of cereal grain and enzyme supplementation on measurements of AME and broiler chick performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Scott ◽  
A. B. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Grain Storage ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Broiler Chick ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

There is a concern that feeding newly harvested cereal grain results in poor performance in poultry. A broiler chick apparent metabolizable energy (AME) bioassay was used to measure changes in feeding value of wheat (n = 14), hulless (n = 10) and hulled (n = 14) barley with or without a commercial enzyme appropriate for wheat- or barley-based diets. In the broiler chick bioassay, four pens of six male broiler chicks were fed ad lib, from 4 to 17 d, diets containing 80% of a test cereal grain and a high-protein basal mixture containing 1% “celite” as an acid-insoluble ash marker. Each of the cereal-grain-based diets, with or without enzyme, was tested within 3 mo of harvest and again 6 mo later. With cereal grain storage there were consistent (P < 0.05) increases in feed intake (FI) between 4 and 17 d and body weight (BW) at 17 d of age with wheat-based diets fed wit h (12.5 and 16.9%, respectively, for FI and BW) or without (16.1 and 22.7%) enzyme. In hulless barley diets without enzyme, there was a significant improvement in BW (7.5%) with storage, while storage had a significant effect on FI and BW (2.9 and 6.3%, respectively) when fed with enzyme. For all other barley diets there was a positive effect of storage on FI and BW, but it was not significant. Feed conversion ratios decreased marginally (P > 0.05) with storage of cereal grain. AME of diets was improved within each period by enzyme supplementation. However, there were measurable decreases (P < 0.05) in AME with storage of cereal grains for the three cereal grains with enzyme supplementation (ranging from –3.2 to –8.2%). The r2 of the above measurements for the different sources of cereal grain between storage periods ranged from 0.65 to 0.94, indicating that the relative ranking of the cereal grains, with respect to feeding value, remained similar during storage. Increases in FI with storage were not significantly related to the attempts of the broiler chicks, to maintain metabolizable energy (ME) intake. Therefore, this increases our concerns that “factors” in newly harvested cereal grains may exist and that they may limit voluntary feed intake and/or growth. Key words: Cereal grain storage, AME, broiler performance, wheat, barley

Effect of wheat type grinding, heat treatment and phytase supplementation on growth efficiency and nutrient utilization of wheat-based diets for broilers

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Afsharmanesh ◽  
T. A. Scott ◽  
F. G. Silversides
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion

This experiment studied the effect of phytase and processing (heat treatment, grind size) on performance and nutrient utilization of broilers fed diets from 1 to 21 d that included hardred spring (HRS) and durum wheat with three grind sizes (470, 560, 630 µm) with or without heat treatment (oven dry at 80°C for 15 h) before supplementation with phytase (Natuphos® 0 or 600 FTU kg-1). All 24 diets contained 0.5 g Avizyme 1302 kg-1 and were formulated (80% wheat, 20% basal diet) to supply nutrients necessary to meet the requirements of broiler chicks, except for a low level of nonphytate phosphorus (P, 2.7 g kg-1). The medium ground HRS-based diet produced significantly better feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body weights compared with the other two grind sizes. Heat treatment significantly improved feed conversion ratio and apparent metabolizable energy (AME), protein, and P digestibility of diets. It also significantly decreased feed intake, but produced no differences in 21 d body weight. Supplementation with phytase significantly improved AME, protein, and P digestibility of test diets. The AME of diets was influenced by wheat type, processing and grind size. Phytase increased N and P digestibility. Improvements in N and P digestibility by phytase and heat treatment were dependent on wheat type and grind size.The present results suggest an advantage of both phytase and xylanase in durum- and HRS-based diets. Heat processing destroyed endogenous phytase and xylanase in wheat-based diets, and increased the levels of soluble non-starch polysaccharides. Combined phytase, heat treatment, and grind size may synergistically improve N and P digestibility. Key words: Wheat source, grind size, heat treatment, phytase, digestibility, broiler

scholarly journals Purified glycerin in balanced diets for chicken broilers from 8 to 21 days old

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Calixto da Silva ◽  
Roberta Gomes Marçal Vieira Vaz ◽  
Kênia Ferreira Rodrigues ◽  
Luciano Fernanades Sousa ◽  
José Henrique Stringhini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This paper aimed to evaluate the metabolizability, performance and economic viability of purified glycerin inclusion in balanced diets fed to chicken broilers from 8 to 21 days old. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, 100 broilers (14 days old) were distributed in a completely randomized design into two treatments, with five replications of 10 broilers. Treatments consisted of a control diet and a test diet, in which purified glycerin replaced 10% of the control diet. In the second experiment, 200 broilers (8 days old) were distributed in a completely randomized design into four treatments (0, 2, 4 and 6% of purified glycerin inclusion), with five replications of 10 broilers. The weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, final weight, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), metabolizability coefficients of dry matter (DMMC), crude protein (CPMC) and gross energy (GEMC), and the cost of feed per kg of broiler produced were evaluated. The AME, AMEn, DMMC, CPMC and GEMC from the purified glycerin were 3790 and 3560 kcal/kg, and 83.72, 71.52 and 86.27%, respectively. The glycerin levels did not affect (p>0.05) any of the performance characteristics (weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and final weight). The lowest feeding cost and the highest gross margin were obtained for broilers fed with 6% purified glycerin. The inclusion of 6% purified glycerin in balanced diets for broilers from 8 to 21 days old was technically and economically feasible.

scholarly journals Digestibility and performance responses of broiler chickens fed a pea based diet with different levels of dietary microbial phytase

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Anne Johnson ◽  
Aman Deep ◽  
Hank Classen
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Four Levels

Although the benefits of phytase are well documented, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supplemented phytase on pea-based diets in poultry, as research is lacking on pea diets. A 21-day feeding trial using male broiler chicks on the day of hatch was conducted to assess the effects of adding four levels of dietary microbial phytase (0.0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.9 g/kg diet; with respective activity levels of 0, 500, 1500 and 4500 FTU or phytase units) to a pea-based diet on bird productivity and digestibility. The responses were evaluated in terms of broiler performance, nutrient digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy (AME). This research demonstrated that digestibility of ash and starch increased with phytase supplementation. Protein and fat digestibility remained relatively constant, but an increase in apparent metabolizable energy (AME) was seen. The performance of broilers also improved as increased weekly gains attributable to phytase were seen through improved feed conversion. The results of this research are indicative that phytase supplementation in poultry pea-based diets has a positive impact.

scholarly journals Nitrogen-Corrected Apparent Metabolizable Energy Value of Crude Glycerol for Laying Hens / Współczynnik Metaboliczności Energii Surowej Gliceryny Dla Kur Nieśnych

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaudia Németh ◽  
Eszter Zsédely ◽  
János Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract An experiment was conducted with 64 Tetra SL laying hens (placed into four groups) to determine the AMEn value of feed grade crude glycerol (DM 92%; glycerol 86.80%; methanol 0.04%; fat 0.49%; ash 4.67%; GE 15.59 MJ/kg). All groups were given a 100 g basal diet per day (AMEn value 11.46 MJ/kg; protein 16.97%; Ca 3.49%; P (non-phytate) 0.56%; lysine 0.82%; methionine 0.40%; cysteine 0.29%; threonine 0.60%; tryptophan 0.19%), which was supplemented with 5%, 7.5% and 10% glycerol for the three experimental groups. Hens were placed in metabolism cages (4 hens/treatment in four replicates). After a 10-day adaptation period, excreta was collected and weighed individually for 10 days. The AMEn value of crude glycerol (86%) was calculated as 15.30 MJ/kg for laying hens. During the experiment, egg production (90.0-90.8%), egg weight (56.8-58.0 g) and egg mass (51.2-52.7 g) were not affected by dietary treatments. Feed conversion was significantly reduced by a 10% glycerol supplementation. We concluded that crude glycerol’s energy is efficiently used by laying hens, and more efficiently than by broilers. The established 15.30 MJ/kg AMEn value of crude glycerol when fed in the daily ration to laying hens means that they utilized 97.6% of the glycerol’s GE content.

scholarly journals Buttiauxella phytase maintains growth performance in broilers fed diets with reduced nutrients under a commercial setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Y. Dersjant-Li ◽  
K. Van de Belt ◽  
C. Kwakernaak ◽  
L. Marchal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Digestible Amino Acids

The effect of down specifying nutrients in diets supplemented with Buttiauxella spp. phytase was studied in a commercial trial. Three treatments were tested with five replicate groups, each containing 700, one-day-old straight run Ross 308 broilers. Birds were fed pelleted diets from days 0-42 in four phases: starter (days 0-10); grower (days 11-21); finisher 1 (days 22-35) and finisher 2 (days 36-42). A nutritionally adequate, unsupplemented, positive control (PC) diet based on wheat, corn and soybean meal was compared against two down specified, negative control (NC) diets containing Buttiauxella phytase supplemented at 500 or 1000 FTU/kg. The reduction level was 0.134 and 0.159% unit for digestible phosphorus, 0.164 and 0.189% unit for calcium, 0.03 and 0.04% unit for sodium, 0.283 and 0.309 MJ/kg for nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable energy in all phases and variable digestible amino acids in different phases, respectively for the diets containing the phytase at 500 and 1000 FTU/kg. An unsupplemented NC diet was not included, as it would have caused welfare and health issues. Weight gain and mortality-corrected feed conversion ratio for birds receiving phytase at either inclusion levels were equivalent to the PC group. Feed intake was increased by 500 FTU/kg phytase (P<0.05) during 0-21 d vs PC. Including 1000 FTU/kg phytase reduced water intake vs PC at 0-42 d and water-to-feed intake ratios, after the starter phase (P<0.05). Carcass yield in birds supplemented with either phytase level was not different from PC. Tibia ash was unaffected by treatment. Estimated feed costs (inclusive of phytase) were lower in supplemented than un-supplemented (PC) diets, by 10.0 to 13.7 €/ton diet. The trial demonstrated that reducing nutrient specifications of diets supplemented with Buttiauxella phytase maintained growth performance, lowered feed costs, with production benefits maximised at inclusion levels of 1000 FTU/kg.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PROTEASE SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hasnain Riaz ◽  
Aamir Iqbal ◽  
Samiullah Khan ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Mian Nazir Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Prominent Response

Premise of the study was to validate the growth promoting eff ect of protease on the performance and to explore its digestion enhancer eff ect in broiler chicks. For this purpose 4 commercial diets were divided into two types (low and high density) and were enriched with protease using a completely randomized design with 4 replicates per diet having 10 chicks each having totaled 200 poultry broiler chickens (day-old). Until 14 days, no eff ects were observed on chicks however at day 14; little variations were observed on weight gain, feed intake and FCR (feed conversion ratio) among the enzyme enriched diets. At day 28, prominent response of protease supplementation in low protein was procured. The chicks gained 10.06 and 8.0 % more weight on CFP1 than CFG1 and CFG2, respectively. Similar response in FCR was observed and was found to be 0.20 and 0.15 points better on CFP1 than on CFG1 and CFG2, respectively. However, CFP2 failed to show protease effi cacy declining the weight gain by 23.01 % while the FCR by 0.49 points as compared with CFP1. This suggested that the nature of feed ingredients in the diets is important for obtaining maximum benefi t of protease supplementation. The overall performance indicated signifi cant response to enzyme supplemented diets. Among the low protein diets CP digestibility remained unchanged but they were diff erent in sparing AME (apparent metabolizable energy) for chicks. The CFP2 spared 98.21 kcal/Kg more AME than CFP1. However, this increased AME values did not help to boost the performance and was attributed to the widening ratio between CP and AME. These results demonstrated that the overall growth response of chicks was improved on low protein diet enriched with protease. It showed higher CP digestibility and AME values than good quality diets. However, the inconsistent results observed within the two types of diets revealed that the nature of diets might have infl uenced the effi cacy of protease. Key words: Broilers, digestibility, protease, FCR, Feed intake.

Use of okara (aqueous extract residue) in the diet of starter broilers

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Diaz-Vargas ◽  
A.E. Murakami ◽  
I.C. Ospina-Rojas ◽  
L.H. Zanetti ◽  
M.M. Puzotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Inclusion Level

Two experiments were carried out to determine the chemical composition of okara and to evaluate the performance and carcass yield of broilers fed diets containing increasing levels of okara. In experiment 1, a total of 72 21-d-old Cobb male broilers were distributed in an entirely randomized experimental design consisting of three treatments and four replicates of six birds each. The energy in okara was 2972 kcal of AME kg−1, with an apparent metabolizable energy (AME) coefficient of 60.72 (% dry matter). In experiment 2, a total of 840 male Cobb male chicks were distributed in an entirely randomized experimental design consisting of six treatments (0.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10% okara inclusion) and six replicates of 28 birds each. The inclusion of increasing levels of okara from 1 to 21 d of age linearly reduced (P < 0.05) weight gain and feed intake, without affecting (P > 0.05) feed conversion, carcass, breast, drumstick, and thigh yields at 42 d of age. Economic analysis indicated that a 10.0% inclusion level of okara in broiler diets during the starter phase produced the best economic results.

scholarly journals Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, Duodenal Histomorphology, and Cecal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Fed on Diets Supplemented with Cinnamon Bark Powder at Prestarter and Starter Phases

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Qaid ◽  
Saud I. Al-Mufarrej ◽  
Mahmoud M. Azzam ◽  
Maged A. Al-Garadi ◽  
Hani H. Albaadani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Maximum Improvement

Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 240) aged 1 day were assigned to five groups for eight replicates (six chicks for each) (3♂ and 3♀). Basal dietary groups were supplemented by 2000, 4000, and 6000 mg/kg cinnamon (CN) for 21 days. Basal diet alone was used as a negative control, and basal antibiotic diet (Colimox) was used as a positive control. At 10, 14, and 21 days of age, chicks that received 2000 mg CN and Colimox had a higher body weight, resulting in an increase in body weight gain. CN also resulted in the maximum improvement in the feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency over 1–21 days at the level of 2000 mg/kg. At days 10, the maximum relative breast weight was 2000 mg/kg of CN. Mean serum albumin concentrations, duodenal villus height, and goblet cell density increased (p < 0.05) by 2000 mg/kg of CN, and mean serum globulin and total protein concentrations and crypt depth increased (p < 0.05) by 6000 mg/kg of CN compared with control. Increased cecal Escherichia coli number was CN dose-dependent. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 2000 mg/kg CN can be applied as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for broiler starter diet.

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