Digestibility by mink and storage stability of feedstuffs made from raw ground, acid-treated or fermented dogfish (Squalus acanthias)

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. White ◽  
D. M. Anderson ◽  
K. I. Rouvinen
Keyword(s):  
Storage Stability ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Standard Type ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Factorial Design Experiment ◽  
By Products

Dogfish was evaluated in a 3 × 4 factorial design experiment conducted to determine digestibility coefficients (DC) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), gross energy (GE) and amino acids (AA) in raw ground dogfish (RGD), acid (ASD) and fermented (FSD) dogfish silages for mink. The ASD was prepared with the addition of 2.5% (wt:wt) formic acid (conc. 85%) and 200 mg kg−1 antioxidant (ethoxyquin) to the raw ground fish. The FSD was produced with the addition of the commercial biopreservative Marisil®, (Finn Sugar) (1%) and extruded wheat (15%) to the raw ground fish. In the digestibility trial, consisting of three, 11-d periods, each having a 6-d adjustment followed by a 5-d collection, 12 mature standard type mink were confined to metabolism cages. Using the total collection (TC) method, where graded levels (0, 15, 30 and 45%) of the test feedstuff were substituted into a basal diet, an extrapolation using regression analysis was done to estimate digestibility of each test feedstuff. The AD of DM, CP, CF and GE was RGD: 81.8, 92.2, 96.2 and 89.6%; ASD: 87.1, 92.6, 100.0 and 93.2%; FSD: 86.0, 93.3, 98.1 and 90.4%, respectively. The AD of AAs was generally highest in the fermented dogfish feedstuff. A quality evaluation of the silages was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications (two replications for AAs), to determine storage stability of the silages, on 10 different sampling days (days 1, 3, 6, 9, 15, 30, 90, 180, 270 and 360), (three sampling days for AAs) post-manufacture. The ASD was stable up to 180 d, after this storage time it underwent increases in pH and total volatile nitrogen (TVN) and decreases in N and AA content. The preservation of dogfish with a fermentation method (FSD) was judged to be unsuccessful with this feedstuff having a high initial pH (6.4) and large increases in TVN content early in storage. It was concluded that feedstuffs made from dogfish would provide a source of highly digestible nutrients for mink; however, more research is required before a fermented dogfish feedstuff can be incorporated into practical mink diets. Key words: Apparent digestibility, dogfish, fish by-products, mink, silage, silage quality

Apparent digestibility coefficients of raw ground, acid and fermented silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis) feedstuffs for mink and an evaluation of the storage stability of the silages

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. White ◽  
D. M. Anderson ◽  
K. I. Rouvinen
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Standard Type ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Silver Hake ◽  
Merluccius Bilinearis

A 3 × 4 factorial design experiment was conducted to determine digestibility coefficients (DC) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), gross energy (GE) and amino acids (AA) in raw ground silver hake (RGSH), acid (ASHS) and fermented (FSHS) silver hake silages for mink. The ASHS was prepared with the addition of 2.5% (wt:wt) formic acid (85% concentration) and 200 ppm antioxidant (ethoxyquin) to the raw ground fish. The FSHS was produced with the addition of 1% Marisil® (Finn Sugar), 15% extruded wheat and 1% (wt:wt) formic acid (conc. 85%) to the raw ground fish. Twelve mature standard type male mink were confined to metabolism cages during the digestibility trial, which consisted of three experimental periods comprised of a 6-d adjustment period, followed by a 5-d collection period. Based on the total collection (TC) method and with graded levels (0, 15, 30 and 45%) of the test feedstuffs in the experimental diets, nutrient digestibilities in the pure feedstuffs were determined using a mathematical regression technique. The apparent digestibility (AD) of DM, CP, CF and GE were RGSH: 88.4, 93.6, 99.2 and 94.7%; ASHS: 90.6, 85.8, 96.1 and 87.2% and FSHS: 77.7, 84.5, 99.2 and 86.1%, respectively. The AD of all the AAs, except proline, in the RGSH was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that in the ASHS and FSHS. A quality evaluation of the silages was conducted in a completely randomized design with two replications to determine storage stability of the silages, on 10 different sampling days, (3 sampling days for AAs), over the storage period. Quality of the silages was stable up to 90 days for the ASHS and 180 days FSHS based on increases in pH and total volatile nitrogen (TVN) content and decreases in N and AA content. The silver hake feedstuffs would provide a good source of highly digestible nutrients for mink and should be considered as opportunity feeds for these animals. Key words: Apparent digestibility, fish by-products, mink, silage, silage quality, silver hake

scholarly journals Evaluation of Diets with Inclusion of Hydrothermal, Phytase, and Organic Acid Pretreated Canola Meal on Nutrient Digestibility in Swine

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Enkhjargal Darambazar ◽  
Daalkhaijav Damiran ◽  
Denise Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Phytate Content

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of hydrothermal, phytase, and organic acid pretreated canola meal (CM) on nutrient digestibility in swine. A basal diet barley, wheat, and CM based, was formulated. Four diets containing 30% hydrothermal pretreated CM with 50% moisture and 40&deg;C, phytase (1000 FTU/kg activity), and either citric acid (CA), malic acid (MA), or lactic acid (LA), and a control containing pretreated CM without phytase or organic acid were fed to 12 ileal-cannulated finisher pigs (initial average BW 105.3 &plusmn; 2.7 kg) in a completely randomized design over two periods of 9 days per period. Nutrient composition and phytate content of the diets, ileal digesta, and feces were analyzed and apparent ileal and total tract digestibilities were determined. The inclusion of hydrothermal, phytase, and CA or MA pretreated CM in the diet decreased phytate P (by up to 38.6%) (p &lt; 0.05), consequently increasing available P (by up to 55.6%). Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) was improved for P by 19.9 ‒ 35.1% units and apparent total tract digestibility of DM by 10.3 ‒ 14.8% units, of protein by 6.6 ‒ 12.1% units, and of gross energy by 12 ‒ 17% units across the treatments (p &lt; 0.05), while AID of CP for MA treatment was up by 4.7% units (p &lt; 0.05) relative to the control, indicating improved diet utilization, thus reduced excretion to the environment.

Changes in Productive Performance, Blood Metabolites and Hematological Parameters of Growing Lambs Supplemented with Two Sources of Choline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Martínez-García ◽  
J.C. Garcia-Lopez ◽  
P.A. Hernández-García ◽  
G.D. Mendoza-Martínez ◽  
A. Vázquez-Valladolid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dark Color ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Daily Gain

Background: Choline is a nutrient with numerous metabolic functions, but its requirements for ruminants are unknown. The supplementation with bypass choline could enhance productivity. Methods: Twenty-four male lambs (Rambouillet 23.5 kg±3.17 kg initial BW) were fed a basal diet with treatments which consisted of a control and oral doses of ruminally-protected choline (4 g/d RPC) and plant-based choline (4 g/d Biocholine) in a completely randomized design with initial weight as a covariate. The experiment was conducted for 42 days during which live weight, dry matter intake, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites and basic hemograms were measured. Result: The daily gain in lambs was similar between treatments. Intake was higher in lambs given Biocholine (1.32 kg/d). The L* (represents the light to dark color) value and mineral content in the meat were improved with both sources of choline. Blood triglycerides increased by RPC compared with the other treatments and cholesterol was reduced by Biocholine. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity decreased by effect of choline. Hematological parameters were affected by choline supplementation regardless of the source; erythrocyte, monocytes and lymphocytes count decreased with both sources of choline in growing lambs.

scholarly journals Calla lily inflorescences postharvest: pulsing with different sucrose concentrations and storage conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elka Fabiana Aparecida Almeida ◽  
Patrícia Duarte de Oliveira Paiva ◽  
Luiz Carlos de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Franklin Cordeiro Silva ◽  
Juliana Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Prior Treatment ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Calla Lily ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Cold Chamber ◽  
And Storage

Calla lily is an appreciated specie used for flower arrangements. In spite of its commercial importance, there is little information on calla lily postharvest conservation. Thus, this study aimed to determine the best sucrose concentration for pulsing and cold storage conditions to extend calla lily postharvest durability. Flower stalks were submitted to a pulsing pre-treatment using 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16% sucrose in the solution, for one hour, plus a treatment with direct storage in cold chamber (4ºC), without a prior-treatment. Dry storage or storage in solution with the commercial product Flower® was also tested. A completely randomized design was used with four replicates and three inflorescences per plot. Spathe length and width were daily measured from which the opening and wilting processes were analyzed. It was observed that pulsing with sucrose was efficient in extending calla lily inflorescences opening process and durability. Dry storage for short periods (less than six days) can also be used, but a prior-treatment with 12% sucrose pulsing for one hour or with a water supply for the same period was required. For storage in solution, a pulsing with 5% or 7.5% sucrose was recommended.

scholarly journals Effects of 1-MCP on External Postharvest Qualities and Shelf Life of ‘Maha Chanok’ Mango Fruit

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
B. Chutichudet ◽  
Prasit Chutichudet ◽  
Usana Trainoak
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fruit Decay ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Storage

<p>‘Maha Chanok’<strong> </strong>mango is an economic fruit crop widely cultivated commercially throughout Thailand. By nature, mango fruit has a rather limited storage life after harvest. 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) has been accepted as a commercial substance to improve several fruit qualities. The objective of this research was to study the effects of 1-MCP on the external postharvest qualities and storage life on the ‘Maha Chanok’ mango fruit. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design with three replicates, ten fruits per replicate. Mango fruit was fumigated with 1-MCP at three concentrations (1000, 1250, or 1500 nl l<sup>-1</sup>) and three fumigation periods (12, 18, or 24 h), compared with the control fruit. After treating, all treatments were stored under ambient temperature (27 °C, 80%R.H.). The following determinations were made every two days for assessment of fruit weight loss, firmness, chlorophyll content, decay incidence, and storage life. The results showed that fruit treated with 1500 nl l<sup>-1</sup><strong> </strong>1-MCP for 24 h had the maximal fruit firmness. For chlorophyll content, the results showed that fruit-treated with 1500 nl l<sup>-1</sup><strong> </strong>1-MCP for 12 h could effectively retain the highest chlorophyll contents. Furthermore, both the lowest fruit decay and the longest storage life of 12 days were achieved from the fruit treated with 1000 nl l<sup>-1</sup><strong> </strong>1-MCP for 12 h.</p>

scholarly journals Digestibility and bioavailability of phosphorus from spray-dried yeasts in the diet of starting pigs (15-30 kg)

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-321
Author(s):  
Lina Maria Peñuela Sierra ◽  
Ivan Moreira ◽  
Antonio Claudio Furlan ◽  
Paulo Levi de Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
Ângela Rocio Poveda Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Spray Dried

Two experiments were carried out to determine the bioavailability of phosphorus in two spray-dried yeasts - sugarcane yeast (SCY), and sugarcane yeast + brewer's yeast (SCBY) - in starting pigs, by comparing different methods (Apparent Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus - ADCP; True Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus - TDCP; slope ratio; and standard curve). In experiment I, a digestibility assay were carried out using 30 cross breed pig with initial weigh of 22.69 ± 4.24kg, allotted in a completely randomized design. The mean ADCP and TDCP values were 62.68 and 64.15% for SCY and 77.01 and 79.33% for SCBY. ADCP and TDCP for SCBY were higher (P<0.05) than the values for SCY. In Experiment II, a growth test was conducted, 56 crossbred piglets, were utilized, with initial live weight of 15.11 ± 3.43kg, allotted in a completely randomized design, with seven treatments, four replications, and two pigs per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet without supplementation with P and the same diet including supplementation with two levels of P (0.053% and 0.105%) from dicalcium phosphate, SCY and SCBY. The relative bioavailability mean value of 57.23% for SCY and 91.96% for SCBY, corresponding to 0.30% and 0.40% of available phosphorus, respectively.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN PROTEASE DALAM PAKAN YANG MENGGUNAKAN LIMBAH PERTANIAN-PETERNAKAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PERTUMBUHAN AYAM BROILER

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apriliana Devi Anggraini ◽  
Ferry Poernama ◽  
Chusnul Hanim ◽  
Nanung Danar Dono
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
By Products ◽  
Meat Bone Meal

This study was aimed to determine the effects of protease supplementation in diets with agricultural-livestock by products on the growth performance in broiler chickens. The commercial protease used in current study was produced by Bacillus licheniformis which based on keratinase. The treatment diets were a control basal diet without agricultural-livestock by-products and protease supplementation (P1); P1 + 0.05% protease; basal diet with meat bone meal (MBM) and distiller’s dried grain with soluble (DDGS) suppementation (P3); P3 + 0.05% protease (P4); basal diet with hydrolized chicken feather meal (HCFM) and DDGS supplementation (P5); P5 + 0.05% protease. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using Complete Randomized Design, and analyzed subsequently by Orthogonal Contrats Test. Results showed that protease supplementation in the diets containing agricultural-livestock by-products did not affect growth performance of broiler chickens in starter phase and overall age phase. However, in diets containing MBM, protease supplementation reduced the nett gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in finisher phase (P<0.05). In diets containing HCFM, protease supplementation increased nett gain and FCR (P<0.05), compared to those of containing MBM. It could be concluded that qualified HCFM, MBM, and DDGS can be used as alternatives for protein-energy source feed stuffs in starter phase, as they did not reduce growth performance of broiler chickens. Protease used in this study might be more effective in diets containing HCFM than those of containing MBM and DDGS.Keywords: Agricultural-livestock by-products, Broilers chickens, Growth performance, Protease.

scholarly journals Pengujian Umur Simpan Kopi Arabika Bubuk Pada Jenis Kemasan dan Suhu Simpan Yang Berbeda

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Elsera Br Tarigan ◽  
Edi Wardiana ◽  
Handi Supriadi
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Life Test ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Storage

<p><em>Coffee is a beverage that is widely consumed around the world. Proper packaging and storage temperature may extend shelf life of ground coffee. The study aimed to analyze the shelf life of ground Arabica coffee stored in different packaging types and temperature, conducted at smallholder coffee plantations in Garut Regency and the Integrated Laboratory of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, Sukabumi, from June to August 2018. A completely randomized design in factorial was used with 3 factors and 2 replications. The first factor was the packaging type  which consisted of 3 types: thick alumunium  foil 65</em><em>m</em><em> (AF65), thick alumunium  foil 130</em><em>m</em><em> (AF130), and thick lamination 114</em><em>m</em><em> (L144). The second factor was the storage temperature which consisted of 3 levels: 25 <sup>o</sup>C, 35 <sup>o</sup>C, and 45 <sup>o</sup>C, while the third factor was the storage period which consisted of 5 levels: coffee unstored, and coffee stored for 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks. The variables observed were the water and fat content, and the analysis of shelf life was carried out using the ASLT (Accelerated Shelf Life Test) method. The results showed that during storage, the water content increased, whereas the fat content decreased. Fat content is a critical variable in determining the shelf life of coffee. The coffee in AF130 packaging has longer shelf life than in AF65 and L144. To extend the shelf life of coffee packaged in AF130 and L144 is best kept at 45<sup> o</sup>C whereas coffee in AF65 packaging  is ideally at 25<sup> o</sup>C.</em></p>

scholarly journals Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Aktifitas Antioksidan Daging Itik yang Dilapisi Ekstrak Propolis Selama Penyimpanan Suhu Ruang

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
A. Apriantini ◽  
S. Adinata ◽  
Y. C. Endrawati
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Edible Coating ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
And Storage

Duck meat is a perishable food that has a short shelf-life. Therefore, packaging is needed to be used tomaintain duck meat quality during storage, one of the ways to extend shelf-life of duck meat is usingpropolis extract as edible coating which is contained antioxidant substances which can be used to extendduring storage. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of propolis extract as an edible coatingmaterial on duck meat to maintain the quality and extend shelf-life of duck meat at room temperature.The research was used a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial 4x3 with 3 replications,consisting of 4 propolis concentrations (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%) and 3 storage times (0 hours, 6 hoursand 24 hours). Duck meats coated with propolis extracts had a significant effect on the water content andantioxidant activity of duck meat (P < 0.05). The storage time had a significant effect on the pH valueand the cooking loss of duck meat (P <0.05). The addition of propolis extract and storage time had asignificant effect on the pH value, cooking loss and antioxidant activity of duck meat (P <0.05).

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF CORONA INCANDESCENT PLASMA RADIATION AND STORAGE TEMPERATURE ON THE VIABILITY OF GARLIC SEEDS (ALLIUM SATIVUM L. LUMBU KUNING VARIETY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Febiasasti Trias Nugraheni ◽  
Erma Prihastanti ◽  
Endah Dwi Hastuti
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Plasma Radiation ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Storage

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an agricultural commodity which is widely consumed by the community. The obstacle experienced in cultivation is that a relatively long dormancy period of about 6-7 months. The dormancy of garlic seeds occurs because the embryo has not yet been fully formed, and the growth hormone and inhibitory hormone are not balanced. The methods used to break dormancy and accelerate germination are by using corona incandescent plasma radiation and storage temperature. The research utilized factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of six treatments with five replications. The first factor was the corona incandescent plasma radiation carried out on the garlic seeds ‘Lumbu Kuning’ variety with time duration of 0, 15, and 30 minutes. The second factor was storage temperature comprising of room temperature and cold temperature of 7oC stored for 30 days. Viability parameters observed are germination percentage dan the length of sprouts. The data were analyzed by using ANOVA followed by the DMRT test at the 95% confidence level. The results showed that corona incandescent plasma radiation influenced the germination percentage using plasma radiation for 15- 30 minutes.

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