The effect of a flooding dose of phenylalanine on indicators of metabolic status in pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Nyachoti ◽  
C. F. M. de Lange ◽  
B. W. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolic Effect ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Key Words Amino Acid ◽  
Time Periods

The metabolic effect of infusing growing pigs with a large dose of phenylalanine was investigated. Packed cell volume and plasma glucose levels were not affected (P > 0.05), while plasma insulin concentration was increased at some time periods compared to a saline control (P < 0.05). For amino acids, only phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations were increased (P < 0.05) by phenylalanine infusion. A flooding dose of phenylalanine may not significantly alter the metabolic status of the pig and could therefore be used in measuring protein synthesis in pigs. Key words: Amino acid, flooding dose, glucose, insulin, phenylalanine, pig

Thermogenic, hormonal, and metabolic effects of a TPN mixture. Influence of glucose and amino acids

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (6) ◽  
pp. E845-E851 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Carlson ◽  
P. Gray ◽  
J. Arnold ◽  
R. A. Little ◽  
M. H. Irving
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Amino Acid Component ◽  
Intravenous Nutrition

The thermogenic, hormonal, and metabolic effects of intravenous nutrition were examined by administering a complete total parenteral nutrition (TPN) mixture to 11 subjects, and the relative contributions of the glucose and amino acid components of the mixture were evaluated by administering these nutrients separately (n = 7 and n = 6, respectively). The complete TPN mixture caused a 22.9% rise in resting energy expenditure (REE), which significantly exceeded that associated with glucose (10.4% P < 0.02). The rise in REE produced by the amino acids (11.5%) did not differ significantly from that associated with administration of the TPN or glucose. The rise in REE associated with the TPN was almost exactly equal to the sum of the rises associated with the separate components of the mixture (22.9% and 22.0%, respectively), indicating that glucose and amino acids contributed equally to the thermogenic effect of the TPN mixture. In contrast, although the amino acid component of the TPN mixture was associated with small but significant reductions in plasma free fatty acid and glycerol concentration and with small increases in plasma insulin concentration, the effects of the complete TPN mixture were significantly greater and attributable to the glucose component.

scholarly journals The Impact of Re-Mating Interval and Genotype on Physiological Response of Rabbits after First Kindling

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Shereen S. Ghoneim ◽  
Sawsan A. Nasr ◽  
I. El-Wardany ◽  
A. Farid ◽  
A. H. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Mating Interval ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
The Impact

This is an experiment aimed to study the effect of re-mating interval on rabbit does after first kindling on hormonal (insulin, leptin, and T3) and metabolites (triglycerides, urea, and glucose) levels. DNA damage in ovary cells of rabbit does during the 2nd parity was also studied. Two varieties were used: APRI (synthetic line) and Baladi Black (BB, Egyptian breed). A total number of 120 mature rabbit does (60 does for each breed) were 6 months of age and were used at the beginning of the breeding season. Does of each breed were divided into three equal groups according to reproductive rhythm. The 1st group was postpartum (PP). The 2nd group was 11 days after parturition (P11). The 3rd group was post-weaning (PW). There were significant (P&ge;0.05) differences in plasma leptin concentration during 1st parity. The highest value of plasma leptin concentration was recorded by the PW group at mating. Also, there were significant differences in plasma insulin and T3 hormones concentrations of doe rabbits. The highest value of plasma insulin concentration was recorded by the PW group at mating in 1st parity and the highest value of plasma T3 hormone concentration was recorded for the PS group at mating. While there were insignificant differences during 2nd parity in T3 hormone concentration in rabbits, the differences of plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations of doe rabbits during 1st parity and 2nd parity were significant. However, the highest significant value of plasma glucose concentration was recorded by the PW group at mating. On the other hand, there were insignificant differences in plasma urea concentration of doe rabbits during 1st parity and 2nd parity. Finally, no significant effects were observed on comet length, head diameter, tail length, or DNA % tail.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic similarity between SAR341402 insulin aspart and Japan-approved NovoRapid in healthy Japanese subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanari Shiramoto ◽  
Tatsuya Yoshihara ◽  
Wolfgang Schmider ◽  
Hiroki Takagi ◽  
Irene Nowotny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Aspart ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Primary Endpoints ◽  
Quantifiable Concentration

AbstractThis study compared the pharmacokinetic and glucodynamic profiles of biosimilar SAR341402 insulin aspart to Japan-approved insulin aspart (NovoRapid) in healthy Japanese males. In this single-center, randomized, double-blind, single-dose, two-period, crossover study, subjects received 0.3 U/kg of SAR341402 or NovoRapid before undergoing a 10 h euglycemic clamp procedure. Plasma insulin aspart concentrations and blood glucose levels were measured, and glucose infusion rates (GIRs) were assessed. Primary endpoints were maximum plasma insulin aspart concentration (INS-Cmax), area under the plasma insulin concentration–time curve to the last quantifiable concentration (INS-AUClast), area under the GIR–time curve during the clamp (GIR-AUC0–10 h), and maximum GIR (GIRmax). Forty subjects were randomized with 39 completing both treatment periods. Pharmacokinetic exposure showed a mean ratio between products of 1.00 (90% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–1.05) for INS-Cmax and 1.02 (90% CI 1.00–1.04) for INS-AUClast. Glucodynamic activity showed a mean ratio between products of 1.00 (95% CI 0.93–1.06) for GIR-AUC0–10 h and 1.01 (95% CI 0.95–1.08) for GIRmax. The 90% CIs for pairwise treatment ratios were within the predefined equivalence range of 0.80–1.25. Both treatments were well tolerated. We concluded that similar pharmacokinetic exposure and glucodynamic potency were shown for SAR341402 and NovoRapid in healthy Japanese males.

THE EFFECT OF A HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE DIET ON GLUCOSE, INSULIN SENSITIVITY AND PLASMA INSULIN IN RATS

1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. BLÁZQUEZ ◽  
CLEMENTE LOPEZ QUIJADA
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
Glucose Plasma

SUMMARY When groups of rats were kept on control and high-carbohydrate diets from the end of lactation until their body weight reached 150 g. it was found that the animals fed on the high-carbohydrate diet gained weight more rapidly, with an increase in fat deposits. Glucose and plasma insulin in both groups were compared with the amounts of hormone extracted from their pancreases. When the rats on the control diet were killed the insulin and glucose plasma levels were 40 ± 3 μu./ml. and 156·69 ± 13 mg./100 ml. respectively. After 17–20 hr. fasting these values decreased significantly (P < 0·01) to 18 ± 1·5 μu./ml. and 116 ± 13 mg./ml. The amount of insulin in the pancreas was not modified by fasting. In the rats fed on the high-carbohydrate diet the plasma insulin and glucose values were higher than those in the control rats (50 ± 3·8 μu./ml. and 187 ± 19 mg./100 ml.); after 17–20 hr. starvation the glucose levels were reduced and the plasma insulin concentration remained higher (44 ± 2·9 μu./ml.); the insulin content of the pancreas was higher than in the control rats. In vitro the epididymal fat and the diaphragm of the rats on the high-carbohydrate diet were less sensitive to insulin than the same tissues in the controls.

scholarly journals The effect of guar gum and level and source of dietary fat on glucose tolerance in growing pigs

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian E. Sambrook ◽  
Anna L. Rainbird
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Insulin Levels

1. Six growing pigs (30–75 kg) were fed on semi-purified diets containing either 30 g maize oil/kg diet (LFM), 30 g soya-bean oil-tallow mixture (1:1, w/w)/kg diet (LFST) or 160 g soya-bean oil-tallow mixture (1:1, ww)/kg diet (HFST) without and with the addition of guar gum (40g/kg diet).2. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations following twice daily feeding at 09.00 and 21.00 h were measured, during 24 h periods, in blood sampled from a permanent indwelling vena cava catheter.3. The source and level of dietary fat had no significant effect on pre-prandial plasma glucose or insulin concentrations except for insulin with diet LFST in the morning (P<0.05). Addition of guar gum to the diets had no significant effect on pre-prandial plasma glucose and insulin levels.4. The peak post-prandial plasma glucose and insulin levels were not significantly affected by dietary fat. The addition of guar gum, however, significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the peak post-prandial plasma glucose concentration with diets LFM and LFST and also the peak plasma insulin concentration for all diets except for diet HFST in the morning.5. The time taken to reach the peak post-prandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations was not significantly affected by dietary fat but it was increased by the addition of guar gum, although the differences were not always significant.

THE EFFECT OF THE PROGESTOGEN ETHYNODIOL DIACETATE ON GLUCOSE, INSULIN, AND GROWTH HORMONE AFTER SIX MONTHS TREATMENT

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. Spellacy ◽  
W. C. Buhi ◽  
S. A. Birk
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Ethynodiol Diacetate ◽  
Tolerance Curve

ABSTRACT Seventy-one women were treated with a daily dose of 0.25 mg of the progestogen ethynodiol diacetate. They were all tested with a three-hour oral glucose tolerance test before beginning the steroid and then again during the sixth month of use. Measurements were made of blood glucose and plasma insulin and growth hormone levels. There was a significant elevation of the blood glucose levels after steroid treatment as well as a deterioration in the tolerance curve in 12.9% of the women. The plasma insulin values were also elevated after drug treatment whereas the fasting ambulatory growth hormone levels did not significantly change. There was a significant association between the changes in glucose and insulin levels and the subject's age, control weight, or weight gain during treatment. The importance of considering the metabolic effects of the progestogen component of oral contraceptives is stressed.

scholarly journals 181 Effects of Aspergillus oryzae prebiotic on energy and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
Jinlong Zhu ◽  
Gerald C Shurson ◽  
Lynsey Whitacre ◽  
Ignacio R Ipharraguerre ◽  
Pedro E Urriola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Corn Distillers

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of an Aspergillus oryzae prebiotic (AOP, Amaferm®) on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs fed high fiber diets. Eighteen growing barrows (initial BW = 50.60 ± 4.90 kg) were surgically equipped with a T-cannula at the distal ileum. Three diets were formulated by including 29.65% corn-distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), 36.65% rice bran (RB) or 24.59% wheat middlings (WM) in corn and soybean meal-based diets to meet nutrient requirements for 50 to 75 kg growing pigs. Three additional diets were formulated by supplementing 0.05% AOP at the expense of corn in DDGS (DDGS + AOP), RB (RB + AOP), and wheat middlings (WM + AOP) diets. Pigs were allotted randomly to a triplicated 6 × 2 Youden square design with 6 diets and 2 successive periods. Feces and ileal digesta were collected for 2 d after a 21 d adaptation period, and nutrient content was analyzed to calculate apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and apparent ileal digestibility (AID). Standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids was calculated by correcting AID with basal endogenous amino acid losses determined from the same set of pigs. Supplementation of 0.05% AOP increased (P &lt; 0.05) ATTD of DM, GE, CP, NDF, and ash in DDGS, RB, and WM diets. Diet DE was 35 kcal/kg greater (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed AOP supplemented diets compared with those fed diets without AOP. Pigs fed DDGS+AOP diet had greater (P &lt; 0.05) AID of ether extract compared to those fed DDGS diet. However, supplementation of AOP did not (P &gt; 0.05) affect AID of GE, DM, CP, NDF, ash or SID of amino acids. In conclusion, supplementation of AOP in high fiber diets containing DDGS, RB, or WM increased total tract energy value and nutrient digestibility.

scholarly journals 146 Nutritional Advances in Fetal and neonatal development: effect of fatty acid supplementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 121-122
Author(s):  
Alejandro E Relling
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Offspring Growth

Abstract Data from a series of experiments demonstrates that maternal supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), during late gestation affects offspring growth. The increase in growth is independent on the fatty acid supplemented during the growing or finishing phase of the offspring; but it is sex dependent. Dam PUFA supplementation increases wether growth. Supplementation with EPA and DHA to pregnant ewes and to their offspring after weaning showed a treatment interaction in mRNA concentration of hypothalamic neuropeptides associated with dry matter intake (DMI) regulation. A dose increased in EPA and DHA in pregnant ewe diets shows a linear increase in growth, but a quadratic change in DMI or feed efficiency; growth was associated with a linear increase in plasma glucose concentration and a linear decrease in plasma ghrelin concentration. In lambs born from ewes supplemented with different sources of FA during a glucose tolerance test; males’ plasma insulin concentration increased as FA unsaturation degree increased in the dam diet, the opposite happened with females’ plasma insulin concentration. Recent data from our lab showed that the supplementation with EPA and DHA during the last third of gestation to pregnant ewes increased liver and small intestine global DNA methylation and small intestine transporters for amino acids in the fetus. Despite EPA and DHA during late gestation increase growth in the offspring; when EPA and DHA were supplemented in early gestation, offspring growth was lesser that lambs born from ewes supplemented a saturated and monounsaturated lipid. The reason for the difference in results it is not clear. However, more studies focusing in some aspect of the biology will help to understand what specific fatty acid needs to be supplemented at different stages of gestation to improve offspring growth.

scholarly journals PSIV-21 Pellet processing reduces variability of corn soybean meal-based diet digestibility in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
Élisabeth Chassé ◽  
Frédéric Guay ◽  
Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
The One

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting on the digestibility of corn-soybean meal-based diet in growing pigs. Two trials with 6 pigs cannulated at the distal ileum were conducted. In each trial, pigs were assigned to each treatment following a crossover design. In each experiment, the same diet, composed of corn and soybean meal with 10% wheat from two different feed mills, was served in pellet or mash form. Pelleting allowed an increase in digestibility in one of the trials. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and digestible energy (DE) were improved with pelleting by 8, 12 and 9% (P&lt; 0.01). The AID of amino acids (AA) was also improved (P&lt; 0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was increased by pelleting in DM, CP and DE by 5, 7 and 6% respectively (P&lt; 0.01). The digestibility of the mash diet in experiment 1 was lower than in the pelleted diet in the experiment 1 and both diets in experiment 2 as shown by the interaction Pelleting X Trial which was significant for the AID and ATTD of DM, CP and DE (P&lt; 0.01). Therefore, in experiment 1, pelleting allows to improve the digestibility of diet to the same level as in experiment 2. The AID of CP was higher by 37% in the mash diet from the second experiment compared to the one in the first experiment. Even though the same ingredients were chosen in the two experiments, this shows the variability in digestibility existing between different feed mills and ingredient sources. This difference was not observed in pelleted diets. The results obtained in these two trials show that pelleting can reduce the variability of digestibility and then give a good digestibility of diets even if the ingredients are of different quality or sources.

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