scholarly journals The use of corn and barley in diets for veal calves: Effects on performance, diet digestibility and carcass quality

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Noon ◽  
J. R. Seoane ◽  
S. L. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Veal Calves ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Forty Holstein bull calves (73.6 ± 6.3 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design to determine if varying the corn-to-barley ratio in the diet affects growth, diet digestibility and carcass quality of grain-fed veal calves. Five diets consisting of corn:barley ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100 were offered along with a protein supplement (43.6% CP). Grain-to-protein supplement ratios were 2:1, 3.5:1 and 5:1 for the starting, growing and finishing phases, resulting in diets of 23.5, 20.3, and 18.7% CP, respectively. Incidence of diarrhea increased with an increase in dietary barley (P < 0.05). Apparent digestibility of diets decreased as the proportion of barley increased (P < 0.01). Throughout the experiment, DMI was the highest for diets containing 75% barley and the lowest for those containing 100% corn (P < 0.01). Average daily gains behaved in a quadratic manner during the starting phase only (P < 0.01). This effect became linear during the growing and finishing phases, with ADG decreasing as dietary barley increased (P < 0.01). Average feed to gain ratio increased linearly with dietary barley content (P < 0.01). Hot carcass weights and yields decreased linearly with increasing proportions of barley (P < 0.01). Carcass color was not affected by treatments. Carcass classification tended to decrease as dietary barley increased. The results indicate that compared with barley, the use of corn improves performance and diet digestibility of grain-fed veal. Key words: Veal calves, corn, barley, starch digestion, carcass quality

290 Encapsulated Sodium Butyrate (Ultramix GF) for Transitioning Neonatal Calves from Milk to Calf Starter

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 155-156
Author(s):  
David P Casper ◽  
Keith Klanderman ◽  
Steven Moreland
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Neonatal Calves

Abstract Butyrate (UltraMix GF; Adisseo) is known to enhance ruminal papillae development for transitioning calves to dry feed. The hypothesis was that butyrate would be beneficial to neonatal calf growth performance. Eighty 2- to 5-d old Holstein bull calves were assigned to one of 2 treatments using a randomized complete block design. Treatments were: 1) control: no butyrate; or 2) butyrate: 0.3% butyrate added to milk replacer (MR). Calves were fed 2x/d at 0630 and 1800 h along with free choice water and a 22% CP mini-pelleted calf starter (CS). The MR was fed at 0.567 kg/d for d 1–14, then increased to 0.85 kg/d for d 15–42, and feeding reduced to 1x/d for d 42–49 with weaning occurring after the 49-d experimental period. Calves fed butyrate demonstrated greater (P &lt; 0.04) ending body weight (BW; 54.7 and 56.2 kg, for control and butyrate, respectively), BW gain (29.0 and 31.7 kg), and average daily gains (ADG; 591.3 and 647.7 g/d), compared with calves fed control. Dry matter intake (DMI) was similar (P &gt; 0.10) for both treatments, but the number of d required for calves to consume 0.9 kg CS for 3 consecutive days (47.3 and 45.7 d) was lower (P &lt; 0.05) for calves fed butyrate compared with calves fed control. Feed conversions were improved (P &lt; 0.05) for calves fed butyrate (0.53 and 0.58 kg/kg) compared with calves fed control. At the end of the 49-d study, withers height tended (P &lt; 0.10) to be greater for calves fed butyrate (85.2 and 86.0 cm) compared with calves fed control, while the remaining frame measurements (hip height, hip width, body length, and heart girth) and fecal scores were similar (P &gt; 0.10) for calves fed both treatments. Feeding neonatal calves butyrate in the MR improved growth performance and reduced the days to transition calves to CS.

HEAVY VEAL PRODUCTION WITH HOLSTEIN CALVES RAISED BY MULTIPLE SUCKLING OR MILK REPLACERS AND FATTENED WITH WHOLE CORN, BARLEY OR OATS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. LATRILLE ◽  
J. P. PARÉ ◽  
G. ST-LAURENT ◽  
C. POMAR
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Veal Calves ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Better Than

Three groups of 35 Holstein bull calves were raised by multiple suckling (MS) or a milk replacer fed as such (MR) or acidified to pH 5.4 (MRA). MS calves consumed more milk and starter and gained faster (P < 0.05) than those on the other treatments. Performance of MRA calves tended (P > 0.05) to be better than MR calves except for feed efficiency. The three rations fed during the fattening phase consisted of corn (three parts) plus protein supplement (one part), or barley or oats (four parts) and supplement (one part). The effect of adding hay was tested in the corn-fed group and found not to be useful since calves fed corn without hay showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher gains and feed efficiencies. A digestibility trial indicated lower dry matter and energy digestibility coefficients by calves fed oats while starch was less well digested by the barley-fed calves (P < 0.05). Acid detergent fiber was poorly digested particularly by oat- and barley-fed calves. During fattening, corn-fed calves had higher average daily gains (ADG), were more efficient, consumed less grain and reached slaughter weights faster than barley- or oat-fed calves. Barley- and oat-fed calves consumed significantly less protein supplement, and barley-fed calves (but not oat-fed calves) produced similar carcass weights and dressing percentages to corn-fed calves. Oat-fed calves stayed longer on experiment, had lower ADG, were less efficient and produced lighter carcasses with lower dressing percentages and slightly inferior classifications. Key words: Veal calves, multiple suckling, cereal grains, digestibility

scholarly journals Plant spacing and pollen quantity on yield and quality of squash seeds

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio S. de Lima ◽  
Antonio I. I. Cardoso ◽  
Marcelo F. Verdial
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Pollen Quantity

Squash seeds yield and quality can be improved by proper population plant spacing and the pollen quantity, which influences the pollination quality and fertilization. Nine experiments were conducted as a factorial combination of three spacing between plants (0.8 x 0.3, 0.8 x 0.6 and 0.8 x 0.9 m), two quantities of pollen (50% of an anther and another entire one) and natural insect pollination. Seed and fruit production parameters, and seed quality were evaluated. A randomized complete block design, five replications, with ten plants per plot was adopted. Larger plant spacing increased the average number of mature fruits and seed yield per plant. Seed yield was directly proportional to the amount of pollen used during pollination. Higher amounts of pollen resulted in higher seed yield per area, but the plant spacing did not affect this characteristic. Manual pollination, using a whole anther, did not differ from natural pollination in relation to seed yield and quality.

scholarly journals Agronomic Efficiency of Hybrids of Corn to Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Targeting Fresh Corn

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Cecília L. P. Resende ◽  
Leandro F. Damaso ◽  
Mylla C. R. Ávila ◽  
Daniel D. C. Carvalho ◽  
Patrícia G. S. Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
The One ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The efficiency and responsiveness agronomic to the main macronutrients is becoming increasingly important due to the risk of supply, since it is a finite resource. In addition, excess fertilizer decreases the quality of water and air. Thus, the objective of this work was to assess the corn hybrids in terms of their efficiency and responsiveness to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), and identify the ones most suitable for fresh consumption, according to the product type and technological level to be adopted by the farmer. The randomized complete block design in a 10 &times; 3 (hybrids and doses) factorial scheme was adopted for the experiment, with three replications, for two season crops (2013/14 and 2014/15). Ten hybrids (2B512PW, 2B587PW, 2B707PW, 30F35HR, 30F53YH, AG1051, BRS1055, BM3061, P3646H e P3862YH) were used in isolation under low availability (without application) and partial, of N, P and K, in an isolated manner, also evaluated under the recommended dose, aiming at fresh consumption. The most efficient and responsive hybrid must first be identified in isolation, based on the availability it is subjected to and later, by its sale, focused on fresh consumption. The hybrids indicated for low availability (low technological level) were BRS1055 and 30F53YH, with respect to responsiveness or agronomic efficiency, the hybrid P3862YH was the one that presented the best performance and indicated for technological levels of medium to high, considering the classification obtained for the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for production vegetable corn.

scholarly journals Physical Bean Quality of Arabica Coffee (Coffea Arabica) Cultivated at High and Medium Altitude

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
Dwi Nugroho ◽  
Panjisakti Basunanda ◽  
Suryadi Mw
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Coffee Cultivation ◽  
Cup Quality

Reducing productivity, outbreak of insects and diseases, and decreasingin physical and cup quality are major problems for Arabica coffee cultivation inmedium altitude. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of altitude onphysical quality in eight genotypes of Arabica coffee. This research was conductedat two locations i.e. Andungsari Research Station-Bondowoso (1250 m asl. ashigh altitude) and Kalibendo Estate-Banyuwangi (700 m asl. as medium altitude).Randomized complete block design was used with three replications. Collecteddata consisted of outturn, weight of 100 beans, shape bean normality, apparentswelling, bulk density before and after roasting. Combined analysis on the physicalquality traits of green bean showed genotype x altitude interactions on weight of100 beans, percentage of normal beans and percentage of empty bean. Altitudesignificantly influenced coffee outturn. Decreasing in altitude from 1.250 m asl.to 700 m asl. caused declining in the outturn as much 32.9%. BP 700A, K 29, K34, K 79, and K 99 were genotypes that stable to produce normal bean and emptybeans at high and medium altidute, while K 8, K 130, and SIG were genotypeswith high normal beans at high altitude but not stable. Genotype x altitude interactiondid not occur for physical quality of other variables of outturn, bulk densitybefore and after roasting, apparent swelling, percentage of round beans,percentage of elephant beans, and percentage of triage beans. Altitude showedsignificant effect on all of physical quality of bean variables.

scholarly journals Effect of selection methods on seed potato quality in the following season

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
N Gunadi ◽  
A Pronk ◽  
A A Kartasih ◽  
L Prabaningrum ◽  
T K Moekasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Plant Selection ◽  
West Java ◽  
Potato Quality ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract Most potato farmers in Indonesia select the small tubers at harvest for planting in the following season, the so-called farmers’ practice (FP). This propagation method is cheap, but the small tubers may come from less healthy plants, which increases the build-up of diseases with accelerated yield decreases over the seasons. Alternatively, farmers may identify healthy plants within the growing season and select those for propagation, the so-called positive plant selection method (PPSM). An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of PPSM compared to FP on yields in the following season in the two main potato growing areas of West Java, i.e., Pangalengan and Garut. Generations G2 and G3 of cv. Granola and one generation of the imported cv. Atlantic were used. Selected seeds using PPSM and FP were planted in the second season in a randomized complete block design. Results show that yields of seeds selected through PPSM were significantly higher compared to seeds selected through FP, over both locations, on average, 7.4, 5.5 and 1.2 ton ha−1 for Granola G2 and G3, and the Atlantic, respectively. These yield increases represent an increase in the gross revenue of 30.8 to 51.8 million IDR ha−1 for Granola and 1.9 to 7.8 million IDR ha−1 for Atlantic at a farm gate price of 7,000 and 6,500 IDR kg−1, respectively. This study confirms that PPSM is superior to FP and improves the quality of the farms saved seeds.

scholarly journals Assessing the Response of Sesame to Inorganic and Organic Nutrient Sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Paul Anguria ◽  
George N. Chemining’wa ◽  
Richard N. Onwonga ◽  
Michael A. Ugen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Sesame (Sesamum indicum. L) is one of the main sources of livelihoods in northern Uganda. However, its production is constrained by low soil fertility and moisture levels. A study was conducted at Serere, Uganda in 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effect of organo-mineral fertilizers on growth, seed yield and nutritional quality of sesame. The design of the experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments comprised: control (no soil amendment), mixtures of 4 crop residues each at (3 and 6 t/ha) and two rates of N, P and K. Finger millet husks (3 t/ha) plus lower fertilizer rate (30 kg N-25 kg P-40 Kg K/ha) had significantly higher seed yield of sesame; while finger millet husks (6 t/ha) plus higher fertilizer rate (60 kg N-50 kg P-80 Kg K/ha) significantly increased vegetative growth of sesame. Finger millet husks (6 t/ha) plus lower fertilizer rate had significantly higher seed crude protein content of sesame; while cowpea husks (3 t/ha) plus higher fertilizer rate and groundnut shells (3 t/ha) plus lower fertilizer rate produced significantly higher seed total ash and seed oil content of sesame, respectively. This study has demonstrated that application of a mixture of crop residues and inorganic fertilizers is the best treatment in enhancing growth, seed yield and nutritional seed quality of sesame.

scholarly journals Productivity, quality of fruits and architecture of Jalapeño pepper at different planting densities

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-337
Author(s):  
Carlos Francisco Ragassi ◽  
Juliana Zucolotto ◽  
Lucas M Gomes ◽  
Cláudia SC Ribeiro ◽  
Nuno Rodrigo Madeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Total Titratable Acidity ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Increase In Productivity

ABSTRACT Mechanizing the harvest of Jalapeño pepper involves changes in the production system. Spacings between plants in rows (10 to 40 cm; 60 cm fixed between rows) were evaluated in relation to plant architecture, productivity and fruit quality of cultivar BRS Sarakura during three years, in a randomized complete block design with five replicates. Productivity (41.9 to 78.8 t ha-1) and plant height (40.1 to 47.3 cm) responded linearly to density; on the other hand, productivity per plant responded negatively (0.48 to 1.04 kg plant-1). The stem first bifurcation height was little influenced. Fruit chemical analyses were carried out in the second year of the experiment; spacing significantly influenced pH (5.36 to 4.84), total titratable acidity (TTA) (0.48 to 0.36%) and total soluble solids (TSS)/TTA ratio (11.5 to 15.6); no influence on TSS (5.65%) was noticed, though. The increase of plant population provided an increase in productivity without affecting fruit quality; the highest height of the first bifurcation achieved may not be enough to enable mechanized harvesting of the cultivar BRS Sarakura.

scholarly journals Production and quality of banana ‘BRS Conquista’ bagged with different colored polypropylene bags

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
Rafaelly Calsavara Martins ◽  
Jackson Mirellys Azevêdo Souza ◽  
Marcelo De Souza Silva ◽  
Nathália De Souza Parreiras ◽  
Marcela Sant'Anna Cordeiro da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Mass ◽  
Mass Number ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Maturation Index

Worldwide, the second most traded fruit is banana, which is highly appreciated by Brazilian consumers. Moreover, new technologies have been used to improve fruit quality during cultivation. This study aimed to assess the influence of plastic bag colors on the production and quality of banana ‘BRS Conquista’. The treatments consisted of the use of commercial polypropylene bags e colored white, black, red or blue, in addition to the control (non-bagged). This study used a randomized complete block design with five treatments, four replicates and four plants per plot, totalling 80 plants. The assessments consisted of bunch mass; rachis mass; fruit total mass; mean cluster mass; number of fruits per bunch and per cluster; and fruit length and diameter; along with fruits physicochemical traits, such as soluble solids, titratable acidity, pulp/peel ratio and maturation index. The results indicated that no interference was obtained from the different plastic bag colors in the productive variables. However, a greater content of soluble solids was observed in the non-bagged bunches.

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