Plane of nutrition and folic acid supplementation between birth and four months of age on mammary development of dairy heifers

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Petitclerc ◽  
P. Dumoulin ◽  
H. Ringuet ◽  
J. Matte ◽  
C. Girard
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Parenchymal Tissue ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Ad Libitum

Forty-seven dairy heifers of approximately 10 d of age were assigned randomly to a 2 × 2 factorial design to study the effects of folic acid supplementation (0 vs. 40 mg) administered weekly i.m. and levels of feed intake after weaning on mammary development. Folic acid treatment started immediately and all heifers were weaned 5 wk later. Heifers were then either fed ad libitum grass hay and concentrates or restricted to a body weight gain of approximately 700 g d−1 until slaughter at 4 mo of age. Average daily gain was affected by feed intake level after weaning (615 vs. 954 g d−1P < 0.01); however, folic acid supplementation increased weight gain only during the 5-wk period following weaning (P < 0.05). Heifers fed ad libitum were 33% heavier before slaughter (P < 0.001) but there was no effect due to folic acid supplementation (P > 0.05). There was no effect of treatments on serum prolactin and growth hormone concentrations (P > 0.05); overall, prolactin increased and growth hormone decreased over the 16-wk sampling period. However, serum IGF-1 concentrations were significantly higher in heifers fed ad libitum following weaning as compared with the feed-restricted animals (P < 0.001); overall, IGF-1 concentrations increased linearly between weeks 2 and 16 (P < 0.001). Plane of nutrition did not have any effect (P > 0.05) on the total volume of parenchymal tissue in the mammary gland (61.6 vs. 63.6 cm3); however, ad libitum feeding increased significantly (P < 0.001) the volume of extraparenchymal tissue in the gland (262.0 vs. 1067.6 cm3). After adjusting data for the difference in body weight at slaughter, the amount of parenchymal tissue was smaller in animals fed ad libitum (P < 0.05); this adjustment did not change the effect of plane of nutrition on mammary extraparenchymal tissue. In conclusion, a fast rate of gain after weaning up to 4 mo of age induced a large accumulation of mammary fat, but did not negatively affect the total amount of parenchymal tissue in the mammary gland of dairy heifers. Key words: Plane of nutrition, folic acid, mammary gland, IGF-1

Use of CAT scan to determine mammary gland development of sows injected with growth hormone releasing factor during gestation and (or) lactation

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Petitclerc and C. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Factor ◽  
Parenchymal Tissue ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Cat Scan ◽  
Biochemical Measurements ◽  
Gland Development

Fifty-two Yorkshire × Landrace gilts were allotted to: (1) saline injections (CTL; n = 17) thrice daily during gestation (day 100 to parturition) and lactation (days 3 to 29); (2) s.c. injections of 12 mg of GRF (1-29)NH2 thrice daily from day 100 of gestation to parturition (GEST; n = 12); (3) s.c. injections of 12 mg of GRF thrice daily from days 3 to 29 of lactation (LACT; n = 11); and (4) s.c. injections of 12 mg of GRF thrice daily during gestation (day 100 to parturition) and lactation (days 3 to 29) (GEST-LACT; n = 12). All sows were slaughtered on day 30 of lactation and mammary glands were excised and stored frozen at -20°C. Mammary development was measured on half of the thawed mammary gland with CAT scanning, and standard dissection and previously published biochemical measurements of mammary development were used to assess the contralateral half; correlation analyses were used to compare the two approaches. Volume of parenchymal tissue of GEST-LACT sows was 19% smaller than that of sows subjected to other treatments (GEST × LACT interaction, P = 0.01). Total mammary gland volume (r = 0.68; P = 0.002) and extraparenchymal tissue volume (r = 0.77; P < 0.001) measured by CAT scanning were correlated with extraparenchymal tissue weight obtained by tissue dissection. However, none of the CAT scan measurements were correlated with parenchymal tissue weight (P > 0.1). In conclusion, exogenous GRF given to sows during lactation affected cell volume/differentiation of the mammary gland. For mammary gland assessment in lactating sows, the CAT scan technique accurately measured the weight and volume of extraparenchymal tissue but not parenchymal tissue mass. Key words: Sows, mammary gland, mammary development, CAT scan, growth hormone-releasing factor, lactation

scholarly journals Maternal and postweaning folic acid supplementation interact to influence body weight, insulin resistance, and food intake regulatory gene expression in rat offspring in a sex-specific manner

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro S.P. Huot ◽  
Anna Ly ◽  
Ignatius M.Y. Szeto ◽  
Sandra A. Reza-López ◽  
Daniel Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Specific Manner

Maternal intake of multivitamins or folic acid above the basal dietary requirement alters the growth and metabolic trajectory of rat offspring. We hypothesized that a modest increase in the folic acid content of maternal diets would alter the offspring’s metabolic phenotype, and that these effects could be corrected by matching the folic acid content of the offspring’s diet with that of the maternal diet. Female Sprague–Dawley rats were placed on a control or a 2.5× folic acid-supplemented diet prior to mating and during pregnancy and lactation. At weaning, pups from each maternal diet group were randomized to the control or to the 2.5× folic acid-supplemented diet for 25 weeks. Male pups from dams fed the folic acid-supplemented diet were 3.7% heavier than those from control-fed dams and had lower mRNA expression for leptin receptor Obrb isoform (Lepr) (11%) and Agouti-related protein (Agrp) (14%). In contrast, female pups from folic acid-supplemented dams were 5% lighter than those from control-fed dams and had lower proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) (42%), Lepr (32%), and Agrp (13%), but higher neuropeptide Y (Npy) (18%) mRNA expression. Folic acid supplementation ameliorated the alterations induced by maternal folic acid supplementation in male pups and led to the lowest insulin resistance, but the effects were smaller in female pups and led to the highest insulin resistance. In conclusion, maternal folic acid supplementation at 2.5× the control level was associated with alterations in body weight and hypothalamic gene expression in rat offspring in a sex-specific manner, and some of these effects were attenuated by postweaning folic acid supplementation.

scholarly journals Effect of Folic Acid Supplementation and/or its Absence on Body Weight of Wistar Rats in Pregnancy and in their Offspring

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lokadolalu Chandracharya Prasanna ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Rohini Punja ◽  
Hosapatna Mamatha ◽  
Sneha Guruprasad Kalthur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
In Pregnancy

Evaluation of the Behavioural, Antioxidative and Histomorphological Effects of Folic Acid-Supplemented Diet in Dexamethasone-Induced Depression in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falade Joshua ◽  
Onaolapo Olakunle James ◽  
Onaolapo Adejoke Yetunde
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Immobility Time

Background: The effect of folic acid in mitigating depression has remained pivotal in research interest. Objectives: To determine the effects of folate supplementation on neurobehaviour oxidative stress, and cerebral cortex histomorphology in the dexamethasone mouse model of depression. Methodology: Male mice were assigned to six groups (A-F) of 10 mice each. Animals in groups A and D were fed standard diet, B and E, folic acid supplemented diet (25 mg/kg of feed), while C and F were fed folate supplemented diet at 50 mg/kg of feed for 8 weeks. At the beginning of the sixth 6th week mice in groups A-C, were administered distilled water, while animals in groups D-F were administered dexamethasone (DEX) at 4 mg/kg body weight by gavage. Open-field, forced swim, and tail- suspension tests were conducted at the end of the experimental period, following which animals were euthanised and blood taken for the estimation of Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced Glutathione, Glutathione Peroxidase, Catalase activity, and Superoxide Dismutase. Sections of the cerebral cortex were prepared for histological examination. Results: Folic acid supplementation increased body weight, locomotor, rearing and self-grooming behaviours, and decreased immobility time in the tail suspension and forced swim tests. There was also reduction of lipid peroxidation and an increase in antioxidant status. Folic acid supplementation was also protective against the development dexamethasone induced changes in body weight, open-field behaviours, behavioural despair, oxidative stress and cerebrocortical morphology. Conclusion: Folic-acid supplementation improves the behavioral, some antioxidant, and cerebral morphological parameters.

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