scholarly journals Teat seeking success of newborn piglets after drying or warming

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Christison ◽  
I. I. Wenger ◽  
M. E. Follensbee
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Heat Lamp ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
Key Words Newborn ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paper Towels ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Treatment Mortality

At birth, 98 piglets were either completely dried with paper towels, or moved under a heat lamp, or left untouched. The three treatments were randomly assigned, within birth order trios, to 11 litters of pigs. Sixty percent of all piglets contacted the udder within 10 min and 91% had nursed within 70 min. Treatment or birth order did not affect the mean time from birth to first udder contact (20 min; SEM 3.5) or the mean time from birth to first suckle (40 min; SEM 4.8). Average daily gain to 24 h or 21 d was not significantly affected by treatment. Mortality to 3 d was 6% for the towel-dried group, 0% for the pigs placed under the heat lamp and 21% for the untouched group. We conclude that drying or warming at birth did not affect suckling success of active piglets, but there was an indication that survival was improved. Key words Newborn, piglet, drying, warming, suckling, survival

Evaluation of Hereford and first-cross cows on three pasture systems. II. Growth of Hereford and Brahman sired calves out of mature cows

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hearnshaw ◽  
P. F. Arthur ◽  
P. J. Kohun ◽  
R. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Calving Difficulty ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Sire Breed

SUMMARYThe preweaning growth of the progeny of mature cows grazing high, medium or low quality pasture was evaluated. The cows were 5–9 years of age at the beginning of the study and were either purebred Hereford (H x H), first-cross Brahman x Hereford (B x H), Simmental x Hereford (S x H) or Friesian x Hereford (F x H). Hereford and Brahman bulls were mated to these cows for three mating seasons commencing in 1982, at Grafton, New South Wales, Australia. Records on 634 calves born over three consecutive years were used.Most traits were subject to significant sire breed or dam breed effects or their interactions with one or more of the other main effects (pasture, year of birth of calf, cow age and sex of calf). The incidences of calving difficulty and stillbirths were exceptions. Stillbirths (mean of 3·8%) were not affected by any of the effects studied, while calving difficulty was affected only by sex of calf effect (males, 3·9%; females, 0·8%). The mean calving date of Brahman-sired calves was 11·4 days later (P < 0·05) than that of Hereford-sired calves. Differences between Brahman-sired and Hereford-sired calves for weaning weight were not significant for S x H (Brahman, 237 kg; Hereford, 232 kg) and FxH (Brahman, 238kg; Hereford, 238kg) dams. For HxH dams however, calves sired by Brahman were heavier at weaning (205 kg) than those sired by Hereford (193 kg) bulls, while for B x H dams the reverse was true (Brahman, 222 kg; Hereford, 231 kg). For calves with B x H dams average daily gain (ADG) was the same (957 g/day) for each sire breed, while for the other dam breeds, Brahman-sired calves had a higher ADG than Hereford-sired calves (862 v. 779, 1014 v. 946 and 1022 v. 950 g/day for H x H, S x H and FxH, respectively). Calves sired by Brahman bulls had > 90% eyelid pigmentation while Hereford-sired calves had 44–74%. On high quality pasture, the weaning weights and ADG of calves of F x H and S x H dams were higher than those of B x H and HxH dams. On medium quality pasture, weaning weight of calves of crossbred dams (B x H, S x H and FxH) were similar but higher than those of H x H dams. On low quality pasture, mean weaning weight of calves of B x H was higher than those of S x H and F x H dams, which in turn, were higher than that of H x H dams.

scholarly journals The Effect of Live Yeast Supplementation on Beef Cattle Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everton Dezordi Sartori ◽  
Maria Eugênia Andrighetto Canozzi ◽  
Daniele Zago ◽  
Ênio Rosa Prates ◽  
João Pedro Velho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Gain

This meta-analysis evaluates the effects of yeast supplementation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) in beef cattle. The inclusion criteria were complete and randomized trials and supplementation with yeast S. cerevisiae versus no supplementation to measure DMI or ADG. Data were extracted from relevant papers via pre-defined protocols. A meta-analysis of random effects was conducted for each indicator separately including the mean of the control and treated groups. The results were presented with the pooled mean difference (MD), 95% of confidence interval, and I² (percentage of total variation between studies that is due to heterogeneity rather than chance). A total of 12 publications reporting 22 trials conducted in 1,161 cattle were analysed. The heterogeneity between studies was high and ranged from 92 to 99%. No effects were observed in ADG with the inclusion of yeast in the diet (MD = -2.849 g/day, p = 0.492). However, there was a reduction in the DMI (MD = -0.885 kg/day; p = 0.023) despite the high heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 92.4%; p < 0.001). The ADG increased when the forage level in the diet was between 30 and 50% (MD = 641.08 g/day; p = 0.001) and decreased when the level range from 51 to 75% (MD = -2.90 g/day; p < 0.001). In over 60% of the Neutral Detergent Fibre, the use of yeast in the diet decreased the ADG by 406.94 g/day (p = 0.034). Feedlot animals showed a reduction in the DMI (MD = -0.97 kg/day; p = 0.019) if supplemented with yeast. Supplementation with S. cerevisiae in the diet of beef cattle had no effect on ADG; however, it does improve the feed conversion due to the reduction in DMI.

scholarly journals Growth curves on females of the Caracu breed

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Patrick Moreira ◽  
Maria Eugênia Zerlotti Mercadante ◽  
Victor Breno Pedrosa ◽  
Joslaine Noely dos Santos Gonçalves Cyrillo ◽  
Wignez Henrique
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Von Bertalanffy ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of the study was to analyze nonlinear models that best fit the growth of Caracu cows. The experiment was conducted at the Instituto de Zootecnia, Centro APTA Bovinos de Corte, Sertãozinho, SP. Data of weight at birth to 63 months of age, from 500 females of the Caracu breed were used. The mean weight at birth (BW), weaning weight (W7), weight at 26 months (W26) and weight at 63 months (W63) were, respectively, 32 kg, 198 kg, 354 kg and 488 kg, providing an average daily gain (ADG) of 0.241 kg/day. The nonlinear models used were: Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Logistic and Gompertz. All of the models tended to describe accordingly the growth curve of these animals, but, according to the mean square residual and coefficient of determination adopted to select the most appropriate model, Brody showed the best fit. All models presented a high and negative correlation between the A and k parameters, indicating that the most precocious animals are less likely to reach elevated weights at 63 months of age. The effect of year of birth significantly affected (P &lt; 0.01) the parameters A and k, concluding that the animal selection based on growth traits favored the increase of mature weight and growth precocity over the generations.

scholarly journals Functional diversity vs monotony: The effect of a multi-forage diet as opposed to a single forage diet on animal intake, performance, welfare, and urinary nitrogen excretion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Garrett ◽  
M R Beck ◽  
C J Marshall ◽  
A E Fleming ◽  
C M Logan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of offering animals a multi-forage choice of fresh herbages on dry matter intake (DMI), live weight gain and animal welfare, in comparison with a monotonous diet of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Twenty ram lambs [30.5 ± 0.9 kg initial live weight; mean ± standard error of the mean], were randomly allocated to either a diet consisting of diverse multi-forage choice (MF) or a single forage ryegrass (SF) diet (n = 10 per treatment) for 35 days. Both diets were fed ad libitum; however, the MF diet was composed of set dry matter ratios of: 24% chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), 30% lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), 25% plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), and 21% ryegrass. The DMI of the MF lambs was 48% greater (P &lt; 0.01) and the within animal day-to-day coefficient of variation (CV) of intake was 26% lower (P &lt; 0.01) than the SF lambs. The average daily gain (ADG) of lambs offered the MF diet was 92% greater (P &lt; 0.01) than the lambs offered the SF diet. The within animal day-to-day CV of intake was negatively related with ADG (r = -0.59: P &lt; 0.01). The MF lamb’s urinary N concentration was 30% lower (P &lt; 0.01) than that of the SF lambs. The SF lambs spent more time (P &lt; 0.05) exhibiting stereotypic behaviors in the afternoon and spent more time observing other animals than the MF. Overall, allocating a multi-forage choice of fresh herbages as opposed to a single forage diet of ryegrass increases DMI and thereby animal performance, while potentially reducing urinary N excretion.

scholarly journals Performance, carcass traits, and non-carcass components of feedlot finished lambs from different residual feed intake classes

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raizza Fátima Abadia Tulux Rocha ◽  
Andréa Roberto Duarte Lopes Souza ◽  
Maria Da Graça Morais ◽  
Mayara Mitiko Yoshihara Carneiro ◽  
Henrique Jorge Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Gain

This study aimed to assess the performance, carcass traits, and non-carcass components of feedlot finished Texel crossbred lambs from different residual feed intake classes (RFI). Forty-seven uncastrated male Texel crossbred lambs (¾ Texel + ¼ Pantaneira) tested here were 4-month-old with an initial weight of 29.9 ± 5.5 kg. The lambs were confined for 70 days for individual dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) assessment. The diet containing corn silage was provided as roughage, while the concentrate consisted of corn grain, soybean meal, urea, and mineral mixture with a 40:60 roughage to concentrate ratio and 76.34% total digestible nutrients (TDN). After confinement for 70 days, the lambs were slaughtered to assess carcass traits and non-carcass components. Based on the RFI, lambs were divided into three classes according to the standard deviation (sd): Positive RFI (inefficient, 0.5 above the mean), Negative RFI (efficient, 0.5 below the mean), and Medium RFI (intermediate). Classes with Negative (efficient) and Positive RFI (inefficient) showed no differences in ADG (0.321 vs 0.306 kg; P > 0.05). Dry matter intake (g d-1), and percentage of body weight (BW) differed significantly between the RFI classes (P < 0.05). Compared to lambs in the inefficient class, those in the efficient class (Negative RFI) showed a 9% reduction in DMI and had the same ADG. The lambs in either Positive or Negative RFI classes showed no weight differences between non-carcass components (P > 0.05). The RFI classes showed no differences in shrunk body weight, hot carcass weight, hot dressing, and weight of commercial cuts (P > 0.05). They showed no differences in neck, shoulder + shank, loin, rack, flank steak, rack cap off, and leg weights (P > 0.05). Our results indicate that improvement in feed efficiency, as a function of the RFI index, does not compromise performance and carcass traits of Texel crossbred lambs.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Weight Gain in Nelore Calves from Birth to Weaning in the Bolivian Tropic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Ikeda Atsuko ◽  
Montellano-Paco Arturo ◽  
Barbona Ivana ◽  
Marini Roberto Pablo
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Individual Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Daily Gain

Retrospective data corresponding to the period between 2002 and 2018 were used, belonging to the Cooperativa Agropecuaria Integral San Juan de Yapacan&iacute;, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Data corresponding to 663 male and female calves born to primiparous and multiparous cows were used. The calves had 13 individual weight controls. The calves had 13 individual weight controls. Variables used: Date of birth, Calf live weight at birth in kg, Calf live weight at weaning in kg, Average daily gain in kg, Live weight of cow in kg, Number of calving of cows. The mean values and standard deviations of the weights at birth were 35.1 &plusmn; 4.6 kg for males and 32.3 &plusmn; 4.7 kg for females, at 240 days (weaning) the weight of the males was 229 &plusmn; 35.8 kg and for females 206 &plusmn; 31.5 kg. The mean values and standard deviations of the weight increases were 0.807 &plusmn; 0.14 kg for males and 1.0 &plusmn; 0.13 kg for females. The selected model with the regressor variables: Year, Sex of the calf, Number of calving and Live Weight at Birth, all significant (p &le;0.001). No interaction was significant to be considered in the model (p&ge;0.05). The live weight at birth, the sex, the years and the number of deliveries of the mothers showed in this work and for the animals analyzed to be the factors affecting the increase in live weight in the rearing stage (from birth to weaning) in Nelore calves in the Bolivian tropics.

scholarly journals Probabilistic Models of Yield, Price, and Revenue Risks for Fed Cattle Production

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Belasco ◽  
Mykel R. Taylor ◽  
Barry K. Goodwin ◽  
Ted C. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
Cattle Feeding ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Revenue Risks ◽  
Daily Gain

Cattle feeding enterprises operate amid variability originating in prices and production. This research explicitly models yield risks related to cattle feeding by relating the mean and variance of yield performance factors to observable conditioning variables. The results demonstrate that pen characteristics, such as entry weight, gender, placement season, and location influence the mean and variability of yield factors, defined as dry matter feed conversion, average daily gain, mortality, and animal health costs.Ex anteprofit distributions, conditional on cattle placement characteristics, are derived through simulation methods to evaluate the effects of price or yield shocks on the distributional characteristics of expected profits.

Age, weight or total feed intake as bases for the performance testing of growing pigs

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge ◽  
D. Lister ◽  
J. D. Wood ◽  
M. S. Wolynetz
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTIn an experiment which showed that the results of a genotype comparison are influenced by the design of the test, 16 castrated male and 16 female pigs of each of Large White (LW) and Gloucester Old Spot (GOS) breeds were allocated equally among four treat- ments: WW—rationed by weight and slaughtered by weight; A A—rationed by age and slaughtered by age; AW—rationed by age and slaughtered by weight; and WF—rationed by weight and slaughtered after a common total feed intake. The experiment was designed so that performance of LW would be similar on all treatments, and the degree to which the GOS differed from the LW on each of these treatments was then evaluated. All pigs started on the experiment at 12 weeks of age, at which time mean weight of the LW was 14% greater than the mean for the GOS. The only between- breed difference that was statistically significant (P<0·05) on all treatments was weight of lean. Average daily gain and efficiency of feed conversion were significantly different between breeds only on the WW treatment. Weight of fat was significantly different on WW and AW but not on AA or WF.

Can potential for dark cutting be predicted by phenotype? Relationship between sex, carcass characteristics, and the incidence of dark cutting beef

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Mahmood ◽  
John A. Basarab ◽  
Walter T. Dixon ◽  
Heather L. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Quality ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Gain

Recent research indicated that reduced carcass muscling and weight are associated with beef dark cutting. Existing data from a single farm (44 heifers, 136 steers) from three normal beef quality grades (Canada AAA, AA, A) and the dark cutting grade (Canada B4) (n = 35, 106, 28, and 11, respectively) were used to identify relationships between sex, live animal, and carcass characteristics and the incidence of dark cutting. Categorical modelling showed a trend (P = 0.106) for heifer carcasses to have a greater probability [11.36 ± 4.78% standard error of the mean (SEM)] of dark cutting than carcasses from steers (4.4 ± 1.76% SEM). Mixed model analysis of variance indicated dark cutting heifers weighed less than cattle from normal grades at weaning (P = 0.0229) and slaughter (P = 0.0295). Logistic regression revealed that the probability of each carcass grade occurring was influenced by dry matter intake (DMI) (P = 0.0034), and the probability of dark cutting was lowest (P = 0.0286) in cattle with carcasses greater than 300 kg. Results suggested that cattle at risk of dark cutting may be identified by weight, average daily gain (ADG), and feed intake.

scholarly journals PSVII-15 Performance, digestibility and ruminal morphophysiology of water buffaloes finished in feedlot

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 300-301
Author(s):  
Amanna G Jacaúna ◽  
André M Castilhos ◽  
Caroline L Francisco ◽  
Paulo R L Meirelles ◽  
Lúcia M Zeoula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Ruminal Epithelium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This study evaluated the digestibility and ruminal morphophysiology of water buffaloes finished in feedlot and receiving concentrate diet ad libitum (corn silage, ground corn, cottonseed meal, urea, and premix). Seventy-eight male water buffaloes of different genetic groups (GG; Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah; n = 26 animals for each GG; 378.57±42.76 kg of initial body weight - BW) were used. The digestibility evaluation was performed and the feces samples were collected after 84 days, for 13 consecutive days [10 days of data collection for dry matter intake (DMI) calculation, and three days of feces collection]. Samples of the ruminal epithelium were collected for morphological and histological analysis of the ruminal papillae postmortem. There was no effect of the GG for digestibility (P = 0.15). Jafarabadi and Mediterranean showed superior feedlot performance compared to Murrah (P &lt; 0.01) for average daily gain (1.57, 1.60, and 1.29, in kg/day, for Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah, respectively; SEM=0.07). In addition, Mediterranean presented higher values for DMI than the other GG (2.14, 2.47, and 2.21, in %BW, for Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah, respectively; SEM=0.07). Effect of the GG was verified for the variable epithelium (P &lt; 0.01), for which Murrah obtained higher value than other GG (49.14, 48.99, and 55.46, in µm, for Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah, respectively; SEM=4.97). Tendency was detected for papillae width (P = 0.09) for which Mediterranean showed a smaller value compared to Jafarabadi, while Murrah did not differ from both GG (0.338, 0.303, and 0.316, in mm, for Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah, respectively; SEM=0.016). The mean number of papillae showed tendency for the GG (PP = 0.09) with the highest value for the Mediterranean (56.48, 66.31, and 58.04, for Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah, respectively; SEM=13.88). In conclusion, GG of water buffaloes have some differences in feedlot performance and ruminal traits; however, these characteristics do not affect digestibility. Supported by FAPESP (#2014/05473-7).

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