The effects of grade, gender, and postmortem treatment on beef. II. Cooking properties and palatability attributes

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Jeremiah ◽  
J. L. Aalhus ◽  
W. M. Robertson ◽  
L. L. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Semitendinosus Muscle ◽  
Cooking Properties ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Postmortem Aging ◽  
And Gender

A total of 196 beef carcasses of two genders (steers and heifers) and four carcass grades were evaluated for the effects of grade (carcass fatness (B1 = 2 to 4 mm subcutaneous fat; A1 = 4 to 10 mm subcutaneous fat; and A2 = 10 to 15 mm subcutaneous fat)) and meat quality (B2 = dark cutters) and gender. These carcasses also received two postmortem treatments (conventional or high voltage electrical stimulation and 3 or 6 d of postmortem aging) to evaluate the interactive effects of postmortem treatments with grade and gender. Cooking properties, palatability attributes, and consumer acceptance ratings were assessed on the longissimus muscle and flavor and texture profiles were obtained from the semitendinosus muscle. Differences attributable to carcass grade in palatability attributes were in agreement with expected differences, based upon differences in carcass fatness. Gender exerted little influence on either cooking or palatability attributes. Carcass grade or fatness appeared to influence the responses in palatability elicited from high voltage electrical stimulation and postmortem aging. Although the minimum fatness required to assure palatable beef could not be determined from the present results, lean B1 carcasses exhibited greater responses to the postmortem electrical stimulation treatment than fatter A2 carcasses. Key words: Beef, palatability, consumer acceptance, cooking properties, grade, gender, stimulation, aging

Effects of Electrical Stimulation and Conditioning Periods upon Pre-Rigor Beef Samples Cooked with a Microwave Oven1

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 954-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. RAY ◽  
B. W. BERRY ◽  
L. J. LOUCKS ◽  
E. A. LEIGHTON ◽  
B. J. GARDNER
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Semitendinosus Muscle ◽  
Thick Sample ◽  
Flavor Intensity ◽  
Microwave Cooking ◽  
Lower Shear ◽  
Meat Cooking ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Intact Muscle ◽  
The Right

Thirty beef carcasses were used to evaluate the effects of electrical stimulation and conditioning periods and microwave cooking upon sensory and shear properties of pre-rigor semitendinosus muscle samples. The intact muscle was removed from the right side within 45 min post-exsanguination and was electrically (ES) stimulated [100 impulses (1 s on and 1 s off, A.C., 110V, <5 amps)], while the remaining paired muscle served as the control (NS). After electrical stimulation, the muscle was cross-sectioned into three portions. A 2.54-cm thick sample was removed from the central portions of the ES and NS muscles and cooked immediately in a microwave oven to an internal temperature of 66°C. The remaining two similar sized portions were conditioned at 13°C for 2 h or 4 h before cooking. Three cores (1.27 cm) were removed from each sample parallel to the muscle fiber, and all cores were sheared twice. Samples from the conditioning periods were frozen, thawed, reheated and evaluated for palatability traits by a 10-member trained panel. Results indicate higher sensory panel ratings (P<.05) for tenderness, connective tissue and flavor intensity and lower shear force (WBS and Instron) values and longer sarcomeres from ES. With the conditioning periods used, microwave cooking was too rapid for pre-rigor muscle, as exemplified by the high shear values (6.4 and 7.8 kg/1.27 cm for ES and NS, respectively) which indicates a very tough sample of meat. Cooking yield was highest for muscle samples cooked immediately after slaughter. Roasts conditioned for 4 h before cooking had higher (P<.05) juiciness and flavor intensity scores than roasts held for 2 h, regardless of stimulation treatments.

scholarly journals Effects of high voltage electrical stimulation on the rate of pH decline, meat quality and colour stability in chilled beef carcasses

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
EG Mombeni ◽  
MG Mombeini ◽  
LC Figueiredo ◽  
LSJ Siqueira ◽  
DT Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Colour Stability ◽  
Rigor Mortis ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Ageing Period

Fifty beef carcasses were used to determine the effects of High Voltage Electrical Stimulation (HVES, 800 Volts) on pH and meat quality. Meat from M. longissimus dorsi was examined for pH and temperature at 1, 2, 5, 10 and 24 hours, while tenderness and colour were examined seven days after slaughter. HVES decreased the pH of the meat and accelerated rigor mortis (P<0.05). HVES improved tenderness and colour compared with the control group across the ageing period at 4oC. It is suggested that HVES had positive effects on tenderness and colour. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v30i1.16283 Bangl. vet. 2013. Vol. 30, No. 1, 33-38

scholarly journals Effects of high voltage electrical stimulation on the rate of pH decline, meat quality and color stability in chilled beef carcasses

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 716-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Gharib Mombeni ◽  
Manoochehr Gharib Mombeini ◽  
Lucas Chaves Figueiredo ◽  
Luciano Soares Jacintho Siqueira ◽  
Debora Testoni Dias
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Beef Carcasses

The effects of grade, gender, and postmortem treatment on beef. I. Composition, cutability, and meat quality

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Jeremiah ◽  
J. L. Aalhus ◽  
W. M. Robertson ◽  
L. L. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Meat Quality Traits ◽  
Beef Carcasses

A total of 195 beef carcasses of two genders (steers and heifers) and four Canadian carcass grades (A1, A2, B1, and B2) were evaluated to examine the effects of carcass grade, gender, and postmortem electrical stimulation on carcass composition, cutability (yield of specific primal cuts), and meat quality traits (traits related to appearance, palatability, yield, and consumer appeal). Cutability was not influenced by either grade or gender. Increased fatness appeared to be distributed equally in all portions (segments) of the carcass. Canadian beef carcass grades effectively segregated carcasses according to grade definitions for both composition and quality. Gender differences in quality generally reflected compositional differences observed between steers and heifers. High voltage electrical stimulation reduced shear force values, but exerted a greater influence on steer than heifer carcasses. Key words: Beef, composition, cutability, quality, grades, gender, electrical stimulation

scholarly journals Effects of High Voltage Electrical Stimulation on Meat Quality of Beef Carcasses

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Nazli, O. ◽  
E.B. Bingol ◽  
T. Kahraman ◽  
O. Ergun
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Beef Carcasses

The effects of beef carcasses high voltage electrical stimulation and roasting methods on tenderness and water retention of beef

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (21) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Tkacz ◽  
Adam Więk ◽  
Ryszard Żywica ◽  
Joanna K. Banach
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Water Content ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Maximum Shear Force ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Air Circulation

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of high voltage electrical stimulation (330 V, 17 Hz, 120 s) of beef half-carcass and heat treatment on tenderness and water holding capacity of meat. The experimental material was a semimembranosus muscle derived from Polish Holstein-Friesian heifers (n=12). In the experiment, a forced and natural air circulation ovens were used; the raw material was heated at 170ºC to obtain a final temperature from 55 to 80ºC inside the beef. Results showed that electrical stimulation improved tenderness of roasted beef, which was demonstrated in the decrease in the maximum shear force from 39 to 26%. The electrical stimulation had a negative effect on cooking losses during roasting and water content in the final product. It has also been shown that studied quality attributes of beef depends on the type of heat treatment. Beef prepared in forced air circulation oven, were characterized by lower water content and higher values of maximum shear and compression forces than those heated in natural air circulation oven.

The efficacy of high and low voltage electrical stimulation under different chilling regimes

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Aalhus ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
D. R. Best ◽  
W. M. Robertson ◽  
S. Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Taste Panel ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Beef Quality ◽  
Small Magnitude

Two experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy, in terms of beef quality, of low voltage (LV), high voltage (HV) and combined low and high voltage (LH) electrical stimulation under two chilling regimes (blast chilling, BC; conventional chilling, CC).In both experiments, regardless of the type of electrical stimulation, shear values were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in stimulated carcasses compared with non-stimulated control carcasses (CON). Despite the results of the objective measures of shear, taste panel data from exp. 1 indicated a preference for steaks from treatments subjected to high voltage stimulation (HV and LH; P < 0.01). Colour of the musculature in electrically stimulated carcasses was significantly lighter and brighter than CON carcasses in both experiments. However, in exp. 2, where LV was applied for 40 s, a small proportion (~ 10%) of the carcass sides exhibited a pale, soft, exudative condition. This was reflected in the significantly higher drip losses in the LH and LV treatments in exp. 2. Overall, these results indicate an advantage of HV over LV stimulation. Since high voltage stimulation resulted in improved objective measures of meat quality and improved palatability, its use can be recommended to Canadian packers.Under the blast chilling conditions employed in the present studies there were no significant interactive effects with electrical stimulation. Blast chilling resulted in a significant reduction in cooler shrink (P < 0.01), a darker meat colour (P < 0.01) and slightly higher shear force values. The small magnitude of the increase in shear force (approximately 0.3 kg) was not identified by the taste panel and is unlikely to be detected by consumers. Key words: Beef quality, high voltage, low voltage, electrical stimulation

New electrical stimulation technologies for sheep carcasses New electrical stimulation technologies for sheep carcasses

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. Shaw ◽  
S. R. Baud ◽  
I. Richards ◽  
D. W. Pethick ◽  
P. J. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Meat Eating ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Sheep Meat ◽  
Maximum Voltage

High voltage electrical stimulation applied to the lamb carcass at the end of the dressing procedure often leads to an improvement in overall product quality by reducing the incidence of toughness. It would be advantageous if the same results could be consistently achieved with the use of lower, safer, voltages — medium voltage electrical stimulation. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of medium voltage electrical stimulation applied to wool-on carcasses on meat quality as assessed using the Sheep Meat Eating Quality protocols. A further experiment examined the interaction of electrical stimulation and meat aging time on the consumer acceptance of lamb meat. In the first experiment, 3 treatments: control (non-stimulated), medium voltage electrical stimulation (applied to the wool-on carcass) and high voltage electrical stimulation (applied at the completion of dressing) were examined. Samples of the loin (LTL) and rump (GM) muscles were evaluated by consumers using Sheep Meat Eating Quality protocols. For both muscles, the consumers gave higher scores for tenderness, juiciness, flavour and overall acceptability to the stimulated product (P<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 stimulation treatments. The second experiment was conducted at a commercial lamb-processing abattoir that had installed a prototype automated electrode system designed to work at chain speed. Lambs received either no stimulation (control), low current medium voltage electrical stimulation (constant current 300 mA peak, 15 Hz, maximum voltage 550 V peak) or high current medium voltage electrical stimulation (constant current 600 mA peak, 15 Hz, maximum voltage 550 V peak) immediately after sticking. Electrical stimulation improved both the objective and sensory (Sheep Meat Eating Quality) eating quality attributes of lamb loin muscle when assessed following 2 days of ageing. When expressed according to consumer satisfaction rating, 30, 37 and 70% of the loins receiving low, high or no electrical stimulation, respectively, were rated as unsatisfactory at 2 days of ageing. At 4 days of ageing no loins from carcasses in the low stimulation treatment were rated by consumers to be unsatisfactory (P<0.05) compared with either non-stimulated (40%) or high-stimulated loins (35%). With respect to the effects of aging meat, electrical stimulation improved the consumer score at 2 days post-stunning by 8.9 and 4.7 points for tenderness and overall liking, respectively. Further linear improvements due to aging were similar for both electrical stimulation and unstimulated products. Under conditions of no electrical stimulation used in this experiment, 10 days aging results in tenderness and overall liking scores greater than 60 and with ES similar scores are achieved in 5 days. Consumer scores over 60 greatly reduce the chance of meat being classified as unsatisfactory.

The combined effects of time on feed, electrical stimulation and aging on beef quality

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Aalhus ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
A. K. W. Tong ◽  
L. E. Jeremiah ◽  
W. M. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Consumer Survey ◽  
Beef Quality ◽  
Muscle Ph ◽  
Consumer Ratings ◽  
Postmortem Aging ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Production Practices

Two experiments were conducted to determine the combined effects of time on feed, high-voltage electrical stimulation (HVES) and postmortem aging on beef quality and palatability. Increasing time on feed resulted in an increase in carcass fat thickness, dressed carcass weight and marbling and a decrease in carcass lean content, carcass shrinkage and shear values in both experiments. Steaks from longer-fed animals were rated more highly for juiciness, tenderness and overall palatability by the consumers polled. HVES lowered muscle pH (3, 24 and 144 h), increased subjectively appraised marbling fat, gave brighter, redder muscle colour up to 6 d postmortem, and improved consumer ratings for flavour, juiciness, tenderness and overall palatability. HVES also resulted in a significant improvement in shear values (shear values were decreased by 27 and 35% in experiments 1 and 2, respectively). Aging for 6 d improved meat colour, decreased the amount of expressible juice and lowered the shear value of steaks by 11 and 9% respectively, in experiments 1 and 2. A consumer survey indicated that more than 20% of steaks were rated as unacceptable for tenderness when time on feed and postmortem aging were similar to Canadian beef-production practices. Incorporation of HVES as a means of quality control would reduce the proportion of unacceptable steaks to approximately 10%. Key words: Beef quality, time on feed, electrical stimulation, aging

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