Review: The composition and availability of straw and chaff from small grain cereals for beef cattle in western Canada

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. McCartney ◽  
H. C. Block ◽  
P. L. Dubeski ◽  
A. J. Ohama
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Cereal Grain

Small cereal grain residues are heterogeneous feeds consisting of several botanical fractions: chaff, grain, leaf blade, leaf sheath, internode and node. These parts vary in composition, digestibility, resistance to comminution, intake potential and energy availability. Large differences in the nutritional quality of straw and chaff may occur from year to year and between locations due to effects of environmental conditions on botanical composition and cell anatomy. Stage of maturity, harvest method and weathering will influence composition and quality of the most nutritious parts of cereal residues, the leaf and chaff. In addition, cultivars and species differ in the proportion, anatomy and digestibility of botanical fractions. As a result, the quality of crop residues is highly variable with an economic value that is difficult to accurately assess. Cereal straw and chaff are of low economic value as they are low in nutritive value, where nutritive value is the product of nutrient intake, digestibility, and efficiency of use. However, due to availability, cereal crop residues have the potential to be a substantial feed resource for beef cows. Previous reviews have not focused on straw and chaff nutrition research relevant to use by beef cattle in western Canada. This review includes discussions on yield and nutritive value with a focus on identifying information deficiencies, including the lack of detailed production statistics for determining residue yields on a regional bases and the need for more detailed nutrient composition to update regional feed data bases for western Canada. Key words: Straw, chaff, nutrient quality, beef cattle

Effect of field storage on quantity and quality of sorghum(sorghum bicolor moech) stover and lablab (lablab purpureus [L] sweet) haulm

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 199-199
Author(s):  
Aichi J Kitalyi ◽  
E Owen ◽  
L A Mtenga
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Qualitative Changes

In situ grazing is the most common method of feeding crop residues in semi-arid tropical Africa. The prevailing method of storing is to leave the crop residues standing in the field until grazing. Although such field storage would be expected to result in reduced nutritive value (eg loss of leaf), costs of residue harvesting (eg baling) and storing using conventional forage conservation methods would probably be prohibitive to small-scale farmers (Mlay, 1987).There is a dearth of information on quantitative and qualitative changes in crop residues left standing in fields after grain harvesting. A study was therefore carried out at Mpwapwa, Tanzania to measure the effects of varying the duration of field storage upon the quantity and quality of sorghum stover and lablab bean haulm.

scholarly journals Utilization of Molecular Marker to Improve Cattle Carcass Quality in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
M. Ikhsan Shiddieqy ◽  
Nurul Pratiwi ◽  
Bayu Dewantoro Putro Soewandi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Beef Cattle Breeds ◽  
Bali Cattle

Cattle is one of the commodities that have a national priority to achieve self-sufficiency in animal protein food for the Indonesian people. Beside beef sufficiency, demand on good quality meat in Indonesia is also increasing. Good quality carcass with lower fat content can give higher economic value. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the use of molecular markers to improve the quality of beef cattle carcass. Heritability value in carcass characteristic is low to moderate value, but it can be increased by selection using certain molecular markers. Several genes have been identified and correlated with carcass quality in several breed of cattle. Study in Bali cattle showed that the Calpain (CAPN1) and Calpastatin (CASTN) genes could be used as molecular markers to select Bali cattle with higher quality carcass because these genes were associated with carcass quality traits. In conclusion that Calpain (CAPN1) and Calpastatin (CASTN) genes can be used for local beef cattle selection toward better carcass quality and have opportunity to be utilized to improve carcass quality of other beef cattle breeds in Indonesia.

The effects of spring versus summer calving on beef cattle reproductive and growth performance in western Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obioha N. Durunna ◽  
Lynne C. Girardin ◽  
Shannon L. Scott ◽  
Clayton Robins ◽  
Hushton C. Block ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Beef Producers ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
The Impact

Durunna, O. N., Girardin, L. C., Scott, S. L., Robins, C., Block, H. C., Iwaasa, A. D., Khakbazan, M. and Lardner, H. A. 2014. The effects of spring versus summer calving on beef cattle reproductive and growth performance in western Canada. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 259–271. The majority of beef producers in western Canada have adopted a spring calving system. Evaluating alternative calving systems such as summer calving may lead to better use of forage resources to optimize cow-calf productivity. In order to evaluate the impact of calving system on cow-calf productivity, 346 Hereford or Angus crossbred cows were used in a 3-yr research study (2007 to 2009) at Brandon, Manitoba; Swift Current, Saskatchewan and Lanigan, Saskatchewan. Cows were bred to calve from February to May (early-calving system, EC) or from May to August (late-calving system, LC). Each system was evaluated for effect on performance and reproductive efficiency. Forage yield, utilization and nutritive value were assessed. Cow body weights (BW), ultrasound measures of backfat and calf BW were evaluated at precalving, breeding and weaning. There was no difference between calving systems for pregnancy rate (P=0.13) EC (93.0%) vs. LC (95.8%); calving rate (P=0.89) EC (92.0%) vs. LC (91.7%) or proportion of calves born alive (P=0.85) EC (99.5%) vs. LC (99.6%). The average length of calving season was not different (P=0.26) between the two systems. The EC cows had greater (P=0.002) BW losses from calving to breeding but greater (P=0.001) BW gain from breeding to weaning than LC cows. Although calves born in LC had greater birth BW (P=0.003) than EC calves, calf weaning rate (P=0.01) and calf weaning BW (P<0.0001) were greater in EC. The higher weaning rate and higher weaning BW with EC has the potential to increase cow-calf productivity and may be more attractive to beef producers in western Canada.

scholarly journals Fermentation Quality and Additives: A Case of Rice Straw Silage

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuff Oladosu ◽  
Mohd Y. Rafii ◽  
Norhani Abdullah ◽  
Usman Magaji ◽  
Ghazali Hussin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
High Level

Rice cultivation generates large amount of crop residues of which only 20% are utilized for industrial and domestic purposes. In most developing countries especially southeast Asia, rice straw is used as part of feeding ingredients for the ruminants. However, due to its low protein content and high level of lignin and silica, there is limitation to its digestibility and nutritional value. To utilize this crop residue judiciously, there is a need for improvement of its nutritive value to promote its utilization through ensiling. Understanding the fundamental principle of ensiling is a prerequisite for successful silage product. Prominent factors influencing quality of silage product include water soluble carbohydrates, natural microbial population, and harvesting conditions of the forage. Additives are used to control the fermentation processes to enhance nutrient recovery and improve silage stability. This review emphasizes some practical aspects of silage processing and the use of additives for improvement of fermentation quality of rice straw.

Adoption and Commercialization of Green Corn, Green Corn –Based Silage, Haylage and Ummb Production for Dairy Cattle in Cagayan Valley, Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Eva U. Cammayo ◽  
Nilo E. Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Dairy Animals

This research aimed to improve dairy production and increase the income of dairy farmers using locally available feed resources. Small-scale milk producers rely heavily on available feed resources in the locality which are either indigenous in the area or introduced species for feed and nutrition of their dairy cattle and buffalos. Their milk output depends mainly on seasonal fluctuations in the quality and quantity of natural forage. Crop residues such as corn stover and rice straw which are high in fiber but low in nutrients serve as a feed supplement and filler to the daily diets of dairy cattle and buffalos. Cagayan Valley is an ear of top corn and rice-producing region. The potential of crop residues as feed supplements or raw materials of dairy cattle/buffalo feed mix is great. But dairy farmers still face the scarcity problem of quality feed resources for dairy animals especially during the dry season. The supply of forage is very low during the dry spell. Inadequate feed mix and low nutritive value of feed mix result in low or no milk production. Producing green corn and ensiling it to produce green corn silage preserves and prolong the storage life of forages. In this way, a stable supply of feed mix for dairy animals is assured year-round. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: adoption and commercialization, dairy industry, financial viability, green-corn silage production, indigenous grasses, smallholder farmers.

PKM Kelompok Tani Tan Selo 1 dan Tan Selo 2 Desa Sukomaju Kecamatan Srono Kabupaten Banyuwangi Jawa Timur dalam Meningkatkan Nilai Ekonomis Pisang dan Strategi Pemasarannya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Fitri Nurmasari ◽  
Raup Padillah
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Service Programs ◽  
Community Service Programs ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
The Village

Banyuwangi Regency is one of the agricultural centers in East Java province and Indonesia. Mostly,Banyuwangi people work as farmers due to the fertil soil and wide amount of agricultural land in Banyuwangi . Thelarge number of people who work as farmers initiating the formation of farmer groups. One of the farmer groups in theSrono sub-district of Banyuwangi is the "Tan Selo 1" farmers group located in the village of Sukomaju and the "TanSelo 2" farmers group in Sukonatar village. The normal average price of one banana bunch in Banyuwangi is between50-60 thousand depending on the type and quality of bananas. Problems arise when the quantity of bananas in the marketarose, the price of 1 bunch of bananas decreases dramatically. The price of 1 bunch which is usually set at 50-60thousand drops drastically to only 20-30 thousand. This is certainly a problem for farmers in the Tan Selo group. The lackof knowledge of Tan Selo farmers about alternative variants of processed banana based products and the lack ofknowledge of the marketing strategies make it hard for the Tan Selo farmers to increase the economic value of bananaswhich have been used as an alternative income for farmers. Therefore, the solutions offered to overcome the problems offarmers include: equipping and improving farmers' knowledge about the variety of processed banana-based foods andtheir marketing strategies, conducting training to make variations on banana-based foods, conducting training oneffective marketing strategies. Overall, a series of community service programs were carried out perfectly as it expected.The percentage of participants' understanding in choosing high quality bananas is 85%, the percentage of participants’ability in processing banana-based foods is 86%, and percentage of participants who successfully sell processed foodproducts by utilizing online shopping sites is 70%

scholarly journals Dataset of biomass and chemical quality of crop residues from European areas

Data in Brief ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107227
Author(s):  
Pascal Thiébeau ◽  
Lars Stoumann Jensen ◽  
Fabien Ferchaud ◽  
Sylvie Recous
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Chemical Quality

scholarly journals Breeding of Buckwheat for Usage of Sprout and Pre-Harvest Sprouting Resistance

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Tatsuro Suzuki ◽  
Takahiro Hara ◽  
Kenjiro Katsu
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
The World ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Sprouting Resistance ◽  
Sprout Growth ◽  
Noodle Quality ◽  
Buckwheat Flour

Buckwheat is recognized as an important traditional crop and supports local economies in several regions around the world. Buckwheat is used, for example, as a cereal grain, noodle and bread. In addition, buckwheat is also used as a sprout or a young seedling. For these foods, sprouting is an important characteristic that affects food quality. For foods made from buckwheat flour, pre-harvest sprouting may decrease yield, which also leads to the deterioration of noodle quality. Breeding buckwheat that is resistant to pre-harvest sprouting is therefore required. Germination and subsequent growth are also important characteristics of the quality of sprouts. Although buckwheat sprouts are the focus because they contain many functional compounds, such as rutin, several problems have been noted, such as thin hypocotyls and husks remaining on sprouts. To date, several new varieties have been developed to resolve these quality issues. In this review, we summarize and introduce research on the breeding of buckwheat related to quality, sprouting and subsequent sprout growth.

scholarly journals Alternative forage feeds for beef cattle in Northwestern Alberta, Canada: forage yield and nutritive value of forage brassicas and forbs

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
Akim Omokanye ◽  
Guillermo Hernandez ◽  
Herbert A. Lardner ◽  
Buthaina Al-Maqtari ◽  
Kabal Singh Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield
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