Phytase activity along the digestive tract of the broiler chick: A comparative study of an Escherichia coli-derived and Peniophora lycii phytase

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Onyango ◽  
M. R. Bedford ◽  
O. Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Phytase Activity ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Broiler Chick ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Freeze Dried

Residual activity of an Escherichia coli-derived phytase and a commercially available Peniophora lycii phytase along the digestive tract of broiler chicks was compared in order to evaluate their relative resistance to hydrolysis in the digestive tract. Seventy-two 7-d-old male broiler chicks were grouped by weight into six blocks of three cages with four birds per cage. Three corn-soybean meal-based diets were randomly assigned to cages within each block. The three diets were a low P diet containing 3.9 g P kg-1 diet; and low P diet plus either E. coli-derived phytase or the P. lycii phytase at 1000 units kg-1 of feed. The chicks were fed experimental diets from 8 to 22 d of age. At the end of the study, chicks were killed and the contents of the crop, proventriculus and gizzard, jejunum and ileum were collected, freeze-dried, ground and analyzed for phytase activity. Escherichia coli-derived phytase had more residual activity at the proventriculus and gizzard, jejunum and ileum when compared with the P. lycii phytase (P < 0.0001). The E. coli-derived phytase may be more resistant to hydrolysis in the digestive tract when compared with the P. lycii phytase. Key words: Broiler chick, Escherichia coli phytase, residual phytase activity

scholarly journals RESISTANCE TO FLUOROQUINOLONES IN ESCHERICHIA COLI FROM PIGS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalibor Todorović ◽  
Maja Velhner ◽  
Dragana Ljubojević ◽  
Marko Pajić ◽  
Dubravka Milanov
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
General Population ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Nearby Region ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Resistant Strains

The resistance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) to fluoroquinolones has become a serious issue on large pig farms worldwide, since these antimicrobial agents are widely used in the control of various diseases such as neonatal diarrhea, post weaning diarrhea, the edema disease as well as others. Being a frequent inhabitant of the digestive tract, E.coli is oft en exposed to antimicrobial agents, which are used to treat various infections. Uncontrolled application of fluoroquinolones has led to the emergence of resistant pathogenic strains as well as commensals. The spread of resistant strains is mostly found in animal and human food production chains, which are potentially huge threat for the general population. The resistance to fluoroquinolones may very oft en be combined with the resistance to other classes of antibiotics. Therefore, the use of fluoroquinolones for treating uncomplicated infections in pigs must be under strict control or completely banned. In this paper, we compared the results from available literature addressing the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance to fl uoroquinolones in E. coli strains both worldwide and in countries from the nearby region.

scholarly journals Cultivation Conditions for Phytase Production from Recombinant Escherichia coli DH5α

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. MBI.S10402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafidah Mohd Ariff ◽  
Anwar Fitrianto ◽  
Mohd Yazid Abd. Manap ◽  
Aini Ideris ◽  
Azhar Kassim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Phytase Activity ◽  
Recombinant Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Phytase Production ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Seed Age ◽  
A Cell

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the cultivation conditions for the production of phytase by recombinant Escherichia coli DH5α. The optimum predicted cultivation conditions for phytase production were at 3 hours seed age, a 2.5% inoculum level, an L-arabinose concentration of 0.20%, a cell concentration of 0.3 (as measured at 600 nm) and 17 hours post-induction time with a predicted phytase activity of 4194.45 U/mL. The model was validated and the results showed no significant difference between the experimental and the predicted phytase activity ( P = 0.305). Under optimum cultivation conditions, the phytase activity of the recombinant E. coli DH5α was 364 times higher compared to the phytase activity of the wild-type producer, Enterobacter sakazakii ASUIA279. Hence, optimization of the cultivation conditions using RSM positively increased phytase production from recombinant E. coli DH5α.

Effects of oxygen upon freeze-dried and freeze-thawed bacteria: viability and free radical studies

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Cox ◽  
R. J. Heckly
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Escherichia Coli B ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

Viability of freeze-dried Serratia marcescens 8UK was studied at 24.5 °C as a function of oxygen concentration and time. Results depended upon the source of the inoculum. Oxygen proved to be toxic and the kinetics (with respect to oxygen concentration) were first order at low oxygen concentrations and zero order at high oxygen concentrations. This indicates that the site for the action of oxygen can become saturated with oxygen. No simple relationship between viability and time was observed. Free radical studies were also made and showed that the detected free radicals were not involved in causing oxygen-induced loss of viability.The survival of Escherichia coli B frozen quickly and stored at −80 °C was found to be little, if at all, influenced by oxygen. Similar results were obtained with Serratia marcescens 8UK. Free radical studies were performed on E. coli B at −80 °C, but no free radicals were detected even after storing E. coli B for 30 days at −80 °C, −20 °C, and −10 °C. Under the last two conditions appreciable loss of viability occurred when E. coli B was frozen slowly.The results indicate that oxygen-induced loss of viability in freeze-dried and frozen and thawed Serratia marcescens 8UK and Escherichia coli B does not involve the formation of free radicals as has been suggested by other workers.

scholarly journals Relatedness of Escherichia coli Strains with Different Susceptibility Phenotypes Isolated from Swine Feces during Ampicillin Treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 2999-3006 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bibbal ◽  
V. Dupouy ◽  
M. F. Pr�re ◽  
P. L. Toutain ◽  
A. Bousquet-M�lou
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pfge Typing ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Swine Feces

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine the dynamics of the development of resistance in fecal Escherichia coli populations during treatment with ampicillin for 7 days in pigs. Before treatment, only 6% of the isolates were ampicillin resistant, whereas more than 90% of the isolates were resistant after days 4 and 7 of treatment. Ampicillin-resistant E. coli isolates were mainly multiresistant, and 53% of the isolates from the treated pigs had one phenotype that included resistance to six antibiotics (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and streptomycin) at day 7. Determination of the frequency of the four phylogenetic groups showed that there was a shift in the E. coli population in ampicillin-treated pigs; before treatment 75% of the isolates belonged to phylogroup B1, whereas at day 7 85% of the isolates belonged to phylogroup A. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing revealed that ampicillin treatment selected ampicillin-resistant isolates with genotypes which were present before treatment. Comparison of antimicrobial phenotypes and PFGE genotypes showed that resistance traits were disseminated by vertical transmission through defined strains. One PFGE genotype, associated with the six-antibiotic-resistant phenotype and including a specific combination of resistance determinants, was predominant among the ampicillin-resistant strains before treatment and during treatment. These data indicate that ampicillin administration selected various ampicillin-resistant isolates that were present in the digestive tract before any treatment and that E. coli isolates belonging to one specific PFGE genotype encoding resistance to six antibiotics became the predominant strains as soon as ampicillin was present in the digestive tract.

SORGHUM, WHEAT AND CORN IN DIETS FOR BROILER CHICKS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. GARDINER ◽  
S. DUBETZ ◽  
D. J. MAJOR
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Broiler Chick ◽  
Chick Growth ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Four Levels

Sorghum, wheat or corn in soybean meal-based diets with four levels of supplemental methionine were compared for broiler chick growth from 0 to 28 days of age. Wheat and corn supported more rapid weight gains and lower feed-to-gain ratios than did sorghum, regardless of added methionine. A response in rate of gain and feed-to-gain ratios was obtained with the added levels of methionine with each of the three grains.

scholarly journals ELIMINASI BAKTERI Escherichia coli O157 H7 DAN Escherichia coli O157 PADA DAGING SAPI MENGGUNAKAN SINAR ULTRAVIOLET

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Revi Juniar Nutrihidayah ◽  
Retno Kawuri ◽  
Inna Narayani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ultraviolet Exposure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Factors

Infection is a major problem mortality and morbidity in the world, a lot of an infection in the digestive tract is causes bacteria. The Escherichia coli O157 and Escherichia coli O157: H7 strains are bacteria that cause bloody diarrhea to death. Ultraviolet light has the potential to eliminate bacteria. The purpose is to know decontamination of E. coli O157 and E. coli O157: H7 on meat after ultraviolet exposure. The method is a factorial RBD with two factors (distance and time) with variations in distances (5, 10, 15, and 20 cm) and times (5, 10, 15, 20 dan 25 minutes). All treatments were repeated twice and obtained 160 samples. The quantitative data obtained were using univariant analysis followed by the Least Significant Difference with a significant level of 5%. The irradiation for E. coli O157 on meat with 5 cm for 25 minutes showed a significant reduction (88,62%), while the farthest distance 20 cm for 25 minutes decreased (73,42%). The nearest irradiation E. coli O157: H7 on meat 5 cm for 25 minutes show decrease (86,78%), while the farthest distance was 20 cm for 25 minutes (75,16%), there was an increase colonies in several treatment variations but overall decreased. In conclusion there was significant decrease number of bacterial colonies in meat given E. coli O157 culture, while there was a fluctuation decrease number of colonies in meats given E. coli O157: H7 culture.

scholarly journals Investigation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Survival and Interaction with Meal Components during Gastrointestinal Digestion

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2415
Author(s):  
Diane de La Pomelie ◽  
Sabine Leroy ◽  
Régine Talon ◽  
Philippe Ruiz ◽  
Philippe Gatellier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Nitroso Compounds ◽  
Meat Sample ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Meat

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is responsible for foodborne poisoning, incriminating contaminated animal food and especially beef meat. This species can survive in the digestive tract, but, up to now, very few studies have considered its survival during the gastrointestinal digestion of meat. The present study aimed to investigate the survival of the pathogenic strain E. coli O157:H7 CM454 during the gastrointestinal digestion of ground beef meat and its interactions with meal components using a semidynamic digestive model. The CM454 strain in meat survived throughout digestion despite acidic pH (pH 2) and the presence of bile salts. The addition of nitrite and ascorbate in the digestion medium led to a decrease in strain survival. During digestion, a release of free iron was observed, which was accentuated in the presence of the CM454 strain. In addition, the strain modified the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio, in favor of Fe2+ compared to the noninoculated meat sample. In the presence of nitrite, nitroso compounds such as nitrosamines, nitrosothiols, and nitrosylheme were formed. E. coli O157:H7 CM454 had no impact on N-nitrosation but seemed to decrease S-nitrosation and nitrosylation.

scholarly journals Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in chickens from small-scale (backyard) poultry farms in Maiduguri, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliya Dauda Kwoji ◽  
Jasini Athanda Musa ◽  
Nubwa Daniel ◽  
Dauda Luka Mohzo ◽  
Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry

Aim: This study investigated the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in chickens from small-scale (backyard) commercial poultry farms in Maiduguri. Materials and Methods: A total of 96 cloacal swab samples were collected. This comprised of 24 samples each from broiler chicks, pullets, layers, and broilers (adults). The samples were examined for the presence of E. coli using conventional microbiological culture and biochemical tests. The pure E. coli isolates were screened for ESBL production by culturing onto BrillianceTM ESBL agar. Isolates that showed positive reactions with production of bluish or pinkish colonies were tested for susceptibilities against some selected β-lactam antibiotics which include cefotaxime (30 μg), ceftriaxone (30 μg), cefpodoxime (10 μg), aztreonam (30 μg), and ceftazidime (30 μg). Isolates that exhibited resistance to any two or three of the antibiotics were selected and confirmed by combination disk diffusion method with ceftazidime (30 μg) and cefotaxime (30 μg) alone and in combination with clavulanic acid (30 μg/10 μg). Results: The total occurrence of E. coli was 67.6% (65/96) with the highest occurrence of 83.3% (20/24) from broiler chicks and least detection of 54.2% (13/24) from layers. Of this, 32.0% were ESBL-producing E. coli with the highest detection rate from layers (38.5%) and least occurrence from pullets (26.7%). Conclusion: This study revealed the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in chickens from small-scale commercial poultry farms in Maiduguri, thus indicating that chickens may serve as important reservoirs for the transmission of antimicrobial resistant pathogens to humans through the food chain.

scholarly journals Functional Heterologous Expression of Mature Lipase LipA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PSA01 in Escherichia coli SHuffle and BL21 (DE3): Effect of the Expression Host on Thermal Stability and Solvent Tolerance of the Enzyme Produced

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3925
Author(s):  
Ingrid Yamile Pulido ◽  
Erlide Prieto ◽  
Gilles Paul Pieffet ◽  
Lina Méndez ◽  
Carlos A. Jiménez-Junca
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Disulfide Bond ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Solvent Tolerance ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

This study aimed to express heterologously the lipase LipA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PSA01 obtained from palm fruit residues. In previous approaches, LipA was expressed in Escherichia coli fused with its signal peptide and without its disulfide bond, displaying low activity. We cloned the mature LipA with its truncated chaperone Lif in a dual plasmid and overexpressed the enzyme in two E. coli strains: the traditional BL21 (DE3) and the SHuffle® strain, engineered to produce stable cytoplasmic disulfide bonds. We evaluated the effect of the disulfide bond on LipA stability using molecular dynamics. We expressed LipA successfully under isopropyl β-d-1-thio-galactopyranoside (IPTG) and slow autoinducing conditions. The SHuffle LipA showed higher residual activity at 45 °C and a greater hyperactivation after incubation with ethanol than the enzyme produced by E. coli BL21 (DE3). Conversely, the latter was slightly more stable in methanol 50% and 60% (t½: 49.5 min and 9 min) than the SHuffle LipA (t½: 31.5 min and 7.4 min). The molecular dynamics simulations showed that removing the disulfide bond caused some regions of LipA to become less flexible and some others to become more flexible, significantly affecting the closing lid and partially exposing the active site at all times.

scholarly journals Blood Parameters, Digestive Organ Size and Intestinal Microflora of Broiler Chicks Fed Sorghum as Partial Substitute of Corn

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Anca GHEORGHE ◽  
Mihaela HĂBEANU ◽  
Cristina TABUC ◽  
Mihaela DUMITRU ◽  
Nicoleta Aurelia LEFTER
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Digestive Organ ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary white sorghum (WS), as partial substitute of corn on blood parameters, digestive organ size and intestinal microflora of broilers at 35 d. Cobb 500 broilers (n=400), assigned to 2 groups, were fed with isocaloric and isonitrogenous corn-soybean meal control diets (C) or corn-WS-soybean meal diets (WS), where corn was partially replaced (50%) with WS. At 35 d, sixteen broilers per group were selected for blood sampling, gastrointestinal (GIT) measurements, digesta pH and ileum microflora analysis. There was no effect (P>0.05) of the dietary WS inclusion on blood biochemistry parameters, GIT development and digesta pH of broilers. In our study, dietary WS significantly reduced the ileal population of Enterobacteriaceae (-1.38%; P<0.0001) and E. coli (-1.16%; P=0.020), and increased the Lactobacillus spp. (+1.07%; P=0.014) compared with the C diet. In conclusion, feeding white sorghum, as partial substitute of corn in broiler diets, did not affect blood parameters, digestive organ size and digesta pH, that support the obtained performance. In addition, sorghum had a positive effect of the ileal microflora increasing the beneficial bacterial Lactobacillus spp.

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