Genetic association between cows’ stayability to three years of age and juvenile growth traits in Canadian Angus herds

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Rasali ◽  
G. H. Crow ◽  
J. N. B. Shrestha ◽  
A. D. Kennedy ◽  
A. Brûlé-Babel
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Birth Season ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Direct Genetic Effect ◽  
Maternal Heritability

Bivariate linear animal models were fit using MTDFREML programs for the analysis of cows’ stayability to 3 yr (STAY3, n = 1, 703) as a binary scored trait paired with body weights at birth (BW, n = 6,116), 205-d weaning (WW, n = 5,360,) and 1 yr of age (YW, n = 5250) in Angus cattle. For STAY3, the model included a fixed effect due to herd ×year of cow’s birth along with a random direct genetic effect. For each of BW, WW and YW, the model included fixed effects due to herd ×birth year, birth season, birth type, calf’s sex and the age of dam (as linear and quadratic covariates), while the random effects were direct and maternal genetic effects and permanent maternal environmental effects. Survival analysis revealed that the risk of cows, 10 yr or less in age, being culled from five Canadian Angus herds was highest between 2 and 3 yr of age. The direct heritability (h2) estimates for BW, WW and YW were 0.54, 0.73 and 0.47, respectively, and corresponding maternal heritability estimates were 0.14, 0.33 and 0.13, respectively. Furthermore, the direct h2 estimate for STAY3 from three bivariate analyses was 0.23–0.24. Estimates of direct-maternal genetic correlations of BW, WW and YW were -0.18, -0.70 and -0.39, respectively. The direct genetic correlations of STAY3 with BW, WW and YW were -0.15 to -0.09 indicating that selection for growth would have less detrimental influence on the stayability trait of cows. The correlations of direct genetic effects of STAY3 with maternal genetic effects of BW, WW and YW were between 0.20 and 0.25, indicating their favorable relationships as correlated traits. Key words: Stayability, growth traits, heritability, genetic correlations, beef cattle

scholarly journals Genetic parameters for growth of young beef bulls

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
L. Vostrý ◽  
Z. Veselá ◽  
J. Přibyl
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Multiple Trait ◽  
Environment Effect ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Direct Genetic Effect ◽  
Maternal Heritability

Abstract. The average daily gains of young bulls on test stations (ADGT) were analysed for the most frequent breeds of beef cattle in the Czech Republic using a multiple-trait animal model. Body weights at birth (W0), at 120 days of age (W120) and at weaning at 210 days (WW) were considered in this model as pre-weaning growth. The tested models comprised some of the random effects: direct genetic effect, maternal genetic effect, permanent animal environment effect, permanent maternal environment effect, and some of the fixed effects: dam’s age, sex, herd-year-season, linear and quadratic regression on age at the beginning of the test. For optimization of the models Akaike information criterion (AIC), residual variance and likelihood ratio test were used. Coefficients of direct and maternal heritability across breeds of about 0.25 for W0, about 0.17 for W120, about 0.17 for WW and about 0.29 for ADGT were estimated by all models. All criteria selected models including the permanent animal environment effect, which was the most important effect in the model.

scholarly journals Genetic-Quantitative Uni- and Bi-Trait Analysis for Growth Traits in the Colombian Creole Breed Blanco Orejinegro (BON)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisol Londoño-Gil ◽  
Juan Carlos Rincón Flórez ◽  
Albeiro López-Herrera ◽  
Luis Gabriel Gonzalez-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Maternal Heritability

Abstract The Blanco Orejinegro (BON) is a Colombian creole cattle breed that is not genetically well characterized for growth traits. The aim of this work was to estimate genetic parameters for birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW), daily weight gain between birth and weaning (DWG), time to reach 120 kg of live weight (T120), and time to reach 60% of adult weight (T60%), and establish the selection criteria for growth traits in the BON population of Colombia. Genealogical and phenotypic information for BW, WW, YW, DWG, T120, and T60% traits of BON animals from 14 Colombian herds were used. These traits were analyzed with the AIREML method in a uni- and bi-trait animal model including the maternal effect for BW, WW, DWG, and T120. The direct heritability estimates values were 0.22 ± 0.059 (BW), 0.20 ± 0.057 (WW), 0.20 ± 0.153 (YW), 0.17 ± 0.07 (DWG), 0.26 (T120), and 0.44 ± 0.03 (T60%). The maternal heritability estimates values were 0.14 ± 0.040 (BW), 0.15 ± 0.039 (WW), 0.25 ± 0.06 (DWG), and 0.16 (T120). The direct genetic correlations were high (>|0.60|) among all the traits, except between T60% with BW, WW, YW, and DWG (ranged from -0.02 to -0.51), all in a favorable direction. The results showed that there is genetic variation in the growth traits associated with the additive genetic effect and they might respond to selection processes. Furthermore, genetic gains would improve through selection, especially for YW and T60% when WW is used as criterion.

Estimates of (co)variances due to direct and maternal effects for body weights in Timahdite sheep

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Boujenane ◽  
J. Kansari
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Cross Correlations ◽  
Maternal Heritability

AbstractGenetic parameters for body weights in Timahdite sheep were estimated using records of 10370 lambs from the ‘Société Nationale de Développement de l’Elevage’ born in 1988-89 to 1998-99. An animal model with derivativefree restricted maximum likelihood procedures was used. Random effects were direct and maternal additive genetic, maternal permanent environmental, and error. Direct and maternal heritability estimates were 0·05 and 0·05 for birth weight, 0·02 and 0·07 for weight at 30 days, 0·07 and 0·08 for weight at 70 days, 0·06 and 0·01 for weight at 90 days. Estimates of fraction of variance due to maternal permanent environmental effects were close to zero, except for weight at 90 days. Genetic correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects were –0·55, –0·51, –0·50 and –0·17 for body weights at birth, 30, 70 and 90 days, respectively. Estimates of direct genetic correlations among body weights were positive and high, ranging from 0·69 to unity. Phenotypic correlations were positive and moderate to high, being lower than their corresponding direct genetic correlations. Estimates of correlations between maternal genetic effects among weights were positive and high, varying from 0·79 to unity. Cross-correlations between direct genetic effects for one weight and maternal genetic effects for another weight were consistently negative, ranging from –0·05 to –0·63. These results indicate that selecting for improved maternal and/or direct effects in Timahdite sheep is expected to generate only slow genetic progress in terms of early growth.

A note on heritability estimates for growth traits in male and female Romanov sheep

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. María ◽  
K. G. Boldman ◽  
L. D. van Vleck
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Direct Genetic Effect

A total of 1855 records were analysed using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) techniques to estimate heritabilities separately for males and females lambs on birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), 90-day weight (W90) and average daily gains birth to weaning (Cl) and weaning to 90 days (C2). An animal model including fixed effects of year × season, parity, litter size and rearing type; and random effects of direct genetic effect (h2D) and residual was applied. Estimates ofh2Dfor BWwere 048 (males) and 0·50 (females); for WW 0·35 (males) and 0·22 (females); for W90 0·21 (males) and 0·31 (females); for Cl 0·20 (males) and 0·25 (females); and for C2 0·18 (males) and 0·29 (females).

scholarly journals Genetic parameters of meat quality, carcass composition, and growth traits in commercial swine

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 3669-3683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piush Khanal ◽  
Christian Maltecca ◽  
Clint Schwab ◽  
Kent Gray ◽  
Francesco Tiezzi
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Abstract Swine industry breeding goals are mostly directed towards meat quality and carcass traits due to their high economic value. Yet, studies on meat quality and carcass traits including both phenotypic and genotypic information remain limited, particularly in commercial crossbred swine. The objectives of this study were to estimate the heritabilities for different carcass composition traits and meat quality traits and to estimate the genetic and phenotypic correlations between meat quality, carcass composition, and growth traits in 2 large commercial swine populations: The Maschhoffs LLC (TML) and Smithfield Premium Genetics (SPG), using genotypes and phenotypes data. The TML data set consists of 1,254 crossbred pigs genotyped with 60K SNP chip and phenotyped for meat quality, carcass composition, and growth traits. The SPG population included over 35,000 crossbred pigs phenotyped for meat quality, carcass composition, and growth traits. For TML data sets, the model included fixed effects of dam line, contemporary group (CG), gender, as well as random additive genetic effect and pen nested within CG. For the SPG data set, fixed effects included parity, gender, and CG, as well as random additive genetic effect and harvest group. Analyses were conducted using BLUPF90 suite of programs. Univariate and bivariate analyses were implemented to estimate heritabilities and correlations among traits. Primal yield traits were uniquely created in this study. Heritabilities [high posterior density interval] of meat quality traits ranged from 0.08 [0.03, 0.16] for pH and 0.08 [0.03, 0.1] for Minolta b* to 0.27 [0.22, 0.32] for marbling score, except intramuscular fat with the highest estimate of 0.52 [0.40, 0.62]. Heritabilities of primal yield traits were higher than that of primal weight traits and ranged from 0.17 [0.13, 0.25] for butt yield to 0.45 [0.36, 0.55] for ham yield. The genetic correlations of meat quality and carcass composition traits with growth traits ranged from moderate to high in both directions. High genetic correlations were observed for male and female for all traits except pH. The genetic parameter estimates of this study indicate that a multitrait approach should be considered for selection programs aimed at meat quality and carcass composition in commercial swine populations.

Genetic parameters for calving difficulty using complex genetic models in five beef breeds in Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Jeyaruban ◽  
D. J. Johnston ◽  
B. Tier ◽  
H.-U. Graser
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Calving Ease ◽  
Direct Genetic Effect ◽  
Calving Difficulty

Data on Angus (ANG), Charolais (CHA), Hereford (HER), Limousin (LIM) and Simmental (SIM) cattle were used to estimate genetic parameters for calving difficulty (CD), birthweight (BWT) and gestation length (GL) using threshold-linear models and to examine the effect of inclusion of random effect of sire × herd interaction (SxH) in the models. For models without SxH, estimated heritabilities for direct genetic effect of CD were 0.24 (±0.02), 0.22 (±0.04), 0.31 (±0.02), 0.22 (±0.04) and 0.17 (±0.01) for ANG, CHA, HER, LIM and SIM, respectively, whereas maternal heritabilities ranged from 0.13 to 0.20. Estimated heritabilities for direct genetic effect of BWT were 0.38 (±0.01), 0.37 (±0.03), 0.46 (±0.01), 0.35 (±0.02) and 0.36 (±0.01) for ANG, CHR, HER, LIM and SIM, respectively, whereas maternal heritabilities ranged from 0.08 to 0.11. Estimated heritabilities for direct genetic effect of GL were 0.59 (±0.02), 0.42 (±0.04), 0.50 (±0.03), 0.45 (±0.04) and 0.42 (±0.03) for ANG, CHR, HER, LIM and SIM, respectively, whereas maternal heritabilities ranged from 0.03 to 0.09. Genetic correlations between direct genetic effects of CD with BWT were highly positive and with GL were moderately positive for all five breeds. Estimated genetic correlations between direct genetic effects and maternal genetic effects (rdm) ranged across the five breeds from –0.40 (±0.05) to –0.16 (±0.02), –0.41 (±0.03) to –0.27 (±0.08) and –0.47 (±0.10) to –0.06 (±0.12) for BWT, GL and CD, respectively. Fitting SxH interaction as additional random effect significantly increased the log-likelihood for analyses of BWT, GL and CD of all breeds, except for GL of CHA. The estimated heritabilities were less than or equal to the estimates obtained with models omitting SxH. The rdm increased (i.e. became less negative) for BWT, GL and CD of all five breeds. However, the increase for GL was not substantially high in comparison to the increase observed for BWT and CD. Genetic parameters obtained for BWT, GL and CD, by fitting SxH as an additional random effect, are more appropriate to use in the genetic evaluation of calving ease in BREEDPLAN.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FIXED FACTORS AND ESTIMATION OF GENETIC PARAMETERS OF GROWTH TRAITS FOR MOUNTAIN KIDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermiz & Baper
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Method ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations

Body weights at birth (469), weaning (394) and at six month of age (358) for kids utilized in this study were raised at private project in Duhok governorate, Iraq during two kidding season (2016-2017) and (2017-2018). GLM within SAS programme was used to analyze the data which include the fixed effects (age of doe, year and season of kidding, sex of kid and type of birth, regression on doe weight at kidding, and the regression of later weights of kids on earlier weights) influencing the studied traits. Restricted Maximum Likelihood Method was used to estimate repeatability, heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations after adjusting the records for fixed effects. Variance components of random effects were tested for positive definite. Overall mean of weights at birth (BWT), weaning (WWT) and 6 month of age (WT6M) were 2.92, 15.32 and 24.45 kg, respectively. Differences among groups of age of doe in all studied traits were not significant, while year of kidding and sex of kid affect all traits significantly (p<0.01). Season of kidding affect BWT and WWT significantly (P<0.01). Single born kids were heavier (P<0.01) than twins in BWT only. Regression of BWT on doe weight at kidding (0.033 kg/kg) was significant (P<0.01), while the regressions of WWT and WT6M were not significant. The regression coefficients of WWT on BWT (1.906 kg/kg) and of WT6M on WWT (0.835 kg/kg) were highly significant (P<0.01). Repeatability estimates for BWT, WWT and WT6M were 0.47, 0.45 and 0.35, respectively; on the same order the estimates of heritability were 0.41, 0.61 and 0.79. Genetic correlations between BWT with each of WWT (0.45) and WT6M (0.55), and between WWT and WT6M (0.68) were highly significant. All phenotypic correlations between each pair of body weights were higher than genetic correlations and ranged between 0.48 and 0.73.

scholarly journals Estimates of genetic parameters for growth traits of local Hamra breed threatened with extinction in southwestern arid rangeland of Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-441
Author(s):  
Houari Yerou ◽  
Hakim Ouldouelhadj ◽  
Abdelrahmane Berber ◽  
Amine Mokadem ◽  
Bachir Koudad
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Covariance Components ◽  
Variance And Covariance Components

The data base for body weights and growths of 411 Hamra lambs were used to estimate genetic parameters. These lambs were obtained from 31 rams and 493 ewes between 2012 and 2017. Traits analysed were weights at birth (BW), 30 days (W30), 90 days (W90) of age, and average daily gains from 10 to 30 (ADG10-30) and30-90 (ADG30-90) days. REML estimates of variance and covariance components were obtained assuming animal models that included the fixed effects for year-type of birth (2012 single, 2012 twin, . ., 2017 single, 2017 twin), sex (male, female), and ewes age at lambing (< 18, 18-30, 30-42, 42-54, >54 months). Heritabilities were 0.12, 0.06 and 0.11 respectively for BW, W3Oand W90and the average daily gains were 0.05 and 0.17 for ADG0-30and ADG30-90. The estimates of genetic correlations showed no genetic antagonisms among the growth traits. The genetic correlations estimated were positive and medium to high, except those between ADG30-90 and ADG0-30 and between ADG30-90 and W30 which were slightly negative. Phenotypic correlations were positive and ranged from 0.12 to 0.85. They were high between adjacent weights and between ADG and their corresponding weights.

scholarly journals EFEITO DO AMBIENTE SOBRE O PESO DE BOVINOS DA RAÇA GUZERÁ NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. SOUZA ◽  
C. H. M. MALHADO ◽  
L. O. C. SILVA ◽  
P. B. FERRAZ FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Birth Season ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
De Se ◽  
Sources Of Variation

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a influência dos efeitos não genéticos sobre o peso ao desmame (P205) e aos 365 dias de idade (P365) de bovinos da raça Guzerá criados em condição de pasto no estado de São Paulo. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando-se o método dos quadrados mínimos, procedimento GLM (SAS, 1996), com um modelo matemático contendo os efeitos fixos estação de nascimento, (2 – água e seca), ano de nascimento (21), sexo (2) e a covariável idade da vaca (linear e quadrática); como efeito aleatório, touro aninhado dentro de fazenda (525). Todas as fontes de variação do modelo, exceto a idade da vaca (linear) foram significativas (P < 0,01) para o peso aos 205 dias de idade. Para o peso aos 365 dias apenas a idade da vaca foi não significativa (P > 0,05). A média geral de peso ajustado foi 156,2 2,3 para P205 e 214,4 3,9 para P365. A importância desses efeitos não genéticos sobre o peso aos 205 dias e 365 dias de idade evidenciam a necessidade de se fazer correções para os mesmos quando se pretende realizar seleção dos animais. Environmental effects on weaning weight and yearling weigh in bovine of the guzera breed in the States of Sao Paulo Abstract The objective of the present paper was to study the influence of non genetic effects on the weaning (W205) and the yearling (W365) weights in bovines of the Guzera Breed raised at the State of São Paulo. Statistical analysis was carried out by the least squares method, GLM procedure (SAS, 1996) with a model that included the fixed effects: birth season (2 - water and dry), year of birth (21, sec (2), and the covariable age of dam (linear and quadratic), and random effects, of sire inside the farm (525). All sources of variation of the model, except age of dam, were not significant (< 0.01) to the weaning weight. In regard to the yearling weight, only the age of the dam was not significant (>005) The average of adjusted weights was 156.2 2.3 for W205 and 214.4 3.9 for W365. The importance of these non genetic effects on body weights, in regard to 295 and 365 days of age, indicates the need of adjustments towards this effect for the purpose of breeding selection.

Estimation of genetic parameters for body weight traits and litter size of Moghani sheep, using a Bayesian approach via Gibbs sampling

2010 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. GHAVI HOSSEIN-ZADEH ◽  
M. ARDALAN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gibbs Sampling ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Body Weights

SUMMARYThe objective of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters for body weights at different ages and litter size (LS) in Moghani sheep. Traits included were birth weight (BW), 3 months weight (3MW), 6 months weight (6MW), 9 months weight (9MW), yearling weight (YW) and LS. The data of 6659 lambing records and pedigree information used in the current programme were collected at the Breeding Station of Moghani sheep (Ardebil province, Iran) during 1987–2005. Different linear and threshold animal models with additive genetic, maternal genetic, maternal permanent environmental and residual effects were implemented by Gibbs sampling (GS) methodology. A single GS chain with 150 000 rounds was generated by the MTGSAM program. The posterior means of genetic parameters were estimated based on the 1300 samples that were left after elimination of 20 000 rounds in the burn-in period and 100 rounds of each thinning interval. Posterior mean estimates of direct heritability were 0·29, 0·13, 0·14, 0·10, 0·31 and 0·10, while those of maternal heritabilities were 0·29, 0·08, 0·11, 0·06, 0·10 and 0·17 for BW, 3MW, 6MW, 9MW, YW and LS, respectively. Genetic correlations among the growth traits and LS were negative for direct genetic and maternal genetic effects. Therefore, selection for increased growth or LS may have a negative genetic effect on the other traits. The medium to high negative estimates of direct–maternal correlations for body weight traits or LS suggest that it would be difficult to improve direct and maternal growth ability jointly for Moghani sheep.

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