Current and residual effects of nitrogen fertilizer applied to grass pasture on production of beef cattle in central Saskatchewan

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
S. B. M. Wright ◽  
L. R. Thomas ◽  
W. P. McCaughey ◽  
M. D. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Grass Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Intake

Four rates of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg N ha-1) were applied for 4 yr to two replications of a 32-yr-old crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum) pasture at Lanigan, Saskatchewan, after which no fertilizer was applied for a further 4 yr. The pastures were grazed by pregnant yearling Hereford heifers using a “put-and-take” stocking system. Soil cores (0–60 cm) were taken to monitor soil NO3-N concentrations either in early spring, before grass growth commenced, or in late fall, after grass growth had ceased. Pasture measurements included available forage at the start of the grazing season, total forage production and the concentrations of crude protein, acid detergent fiber (ADF), ash, Ca, P, Mg, K, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn. Heifers, fistulated at the esophagus, were used in 1984 and 1985 to obtain samples of the grazed herbage, which were analyzed for organic matter digestibility (OMD), protein and minerals, except P and K. Heifer intakes of digestible organic matter (DOMI), protein and minerals, except P and K, were estimated from their concentrations in fistula extrusa and estimates of intake obtained from extrusa digestibility and fecal output using Cr2O3 as a fecal marker. Phosphorus intake was estimated from fecal P concentration. Plasma samples were also collected and analyzed for concentrations of minerals.

Mixtures of annual legumes and small-grained cereals for forage production under low rainfall

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Droushiotis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Triticale Line

SUMMARYTwo small-grained cereals, Mulga oats and a triticale line, and two legumes, local vetch and local peas, were grown in pure stands and in mixtures at various cereal: legume seed ratios (20:80, 40:60, 60:40 and 80:20) for three successive cropping years, 1981/82 to 1983/84, at Laxia and Dromolaxia, Cyprus, in each year.The cereal pure stands produced, on average, more dry matter, 8·40 t/ha, and more digestible organic matter, 4·12 t/ha, than the legume pure stands, 3·68 and 2·18 t/ha, respectively. On average, total dry matter production decreased linearly as the seed proportion of the legume component in the mixture increased. The proportion of the legume in the harvested material was much lower than expected from the seed ratios. The highest proportion of legume was seen in the mixtures of peas with triticale and ranged from 8·1 to 35·5% at the various sowing rates. Digestibility and crude protein content were highest in the mixtures of triticale and peas.

Haylage from Hungarian sainfoin for cow feeding

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Волошин ◽  
Н. Морозков
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Perennial Legume

По результатам научных исследований, выполненных за ряд лет в растениеводстве и животноводстве, показана целесообразность интродукции в кормопроизводство Пермского края новой многолетней бобовой культуры эспарцета песчаного. По четырёхлетним наблюдениям (2012 2015 годы) в полевых опытах культура не уступала по урожайности кормовой массы традиционному для региона клеверу луговому, а по концентрации обменной энергии и сырого протеина в сухом веществе была на уровне клевера лугового и люцерны изменчивой, но в разы превосходила их по содержанию сахара. Сенаж это единственный вид зимнего корма, максимально сохраняющий обменную энергию, протеин, сахар, каротин, достаточно концентрированный, чтобы обеспечивать потребности высокопродуктивных животных. В 2018 году на Лобановском молочном комплексе ООО Русь в Пермском районе Пермского края были проведены научнохозяйственный и физиологический опыты по скармливанию сенажа из эспарцета песчаного голштинизированным коровам чёрнопёстрой породы. При использовании сенажа из эспарцета песчаного животные в сутки потребляли сухого вещества на 2,3 3,9 кг на голову больше по сравнению с группой, где в рационе было сено (контроль). В результате использования сенажа из эспарцета песчаного переваримость сухого вещества рациона у опытных групп животных была выше на 2,55 5,80 по сравнению с контрольной органического вещества на 2,54 4,14 . За учётный период научнохозяйственного опыта (120 дней) от коров опытных групп получено по 399327,2 и 414431,9 кг молока, что со средней степенью достоверности выше продуктивности животных контрольной группы (391045,4). По содержанию молочного жира и молочного белка преимущество достоверно также было за опытными группами. Затраты корма на 1 кг молока составили в контроле 0,74 энергетических корм. ед. (ЭКЕ), в опытных группах 0,71 и 0,69 ЭКЕ. Hungarian sainfoin was shown to be an effective perennial legume crop in the forage production of the Perm Territory. For 4 years (2012 2015) this crop produced forage mass, exchange energy and crude protein comparable to the ones of red clover and bastard alfalfa but exceeded them significantly in carbohydrate content. Haylage is the only type of winter forage that has sufficient concentrations of exchange energy, protein, carbohydrates and carotene, satisfying needs of highproductive livestock in nutrients. Haylage from Hungarian sainfoin was fed to Holstein BlackandWhite cows in the frame of experiments conducted in 2018. Cows consumed 2.3 3.9 kg more of dry matter (DM) with the haylage, compared to hay (control). Digestibilities of DM and organic matter were 2.55 5.80 and 2.54 4.14 higher than in the control group, respectively. For 120 days the experimental groups produced 3993 27.2 and 4144 31.9 kg of milk versus 3910 45.4 kg of the control one. The former also exceeded the latter in milk fat and protein contents. Fodder costs per 1 kg of milk amounted to 0.74 energy feed units in the control and 0.71 and 0.69 energy feed units in the experimental groups.

PREDICTED FORAGE VALUE OF WHOLE PLANT CEREALS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Forage Value

Dry matter yield, percent dry weight, in vitro digestible dry matter, in vitro digestible organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, ash and hemicellulose contents were determined for spring- and fall-sown common wheat, barley, rye and triticale and spring-sown durum wheat and oats for the period from late boot to maturity. Differences among cultivars and stages of maturity were significant for all parameters. These differences were accompanied by stage of maturity interactions. Consideration of the interrelationships among these parameters revealed that level of in vitro digestible dry matter was reflected in measures of acid detergent fiber and ash or percent dry weight. Further analyses indicated that differences in digestibility due to stage of maturity were primarily reflected by changes in ash or percent dry weight, while differences in digestibility among cultivars were mainly attributable to differences in acid detergent fiber.

The effect of seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizer on the winter production of irrigated sod-sown oats at Badgery's Creek

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
FC Crofts
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Spray Irrigation ◽  
Clover Pasture

Under supplementary spray irrigation at Badgery's Creek, N.S.W., it has been possible to increase the late autumn, winter, and early spring production of a clover dominant ryegrass-clover pasture by more than 3,000 lb of dry matter an acre by sod-seeding oats with nitrogen fertilizers. The oat seeding rate and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied at seeding are critical factors in determining the amount of additional winter forage obtained. At this stage it appears that the sod-seeding of oats at four bushels an acre with about 90 lb of nitrogen an acre in early autumn will greatly increase winter forage production under irrigation at a much lower cost than that associated with hand-feeding.

The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the seasonal production of an irrigated ryegrass-clover pasture at Badgery's Creek

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
FC Crofts
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Clover Pasture

Nitrogen fertilizer applied as sulphate of ammonia at 23 to 92 pounds of nitrogen an acre in early spring made forage available for grazing six weeks earlier and returned 19 to 22 pounds of additional dry matter (with 14 to 19 per cent crude protein) for each pound of fertilizer nitrogen applied. However, the responses to nitrogen fertilizer became progressively less over the late spring and summer period and the responses in the autumn, when additional forage is urgently needed for winter reserves, were relatively small.

scholarly journals Effect of odontoplasty on apparent digestibility and consumption time of diet for equines

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
F.C.D. Araújo ◽  
M.G. Cruz ◽  
J.C.C. Balieiro ◽  
M.L. Menezes ◽  
C.G. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of odontoplasty on apparent digestibility of diet for horses, consumption time, and particle size of feces. Nine horses were used, aged 14.5±3.3 years and weightng 531±38.7kg. The diet consisted of 1.5% of live weight (LW) in Tifton 85 hay and 0.75% of LW in concentrate for both assays. The experiment consisted of two tests of apparent digestibility using the method of total collection, before and after the odontoplasty, where the consumption time of hay and concentrate was also evaluated and the particle size of the feces was analyzed. An effect (P<0.05) of odontoplasty on the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber was observed. Effect of the consumption time for the concentrate (P<0.05) was observed, but not for the forage (P<0.05). There was more retention (P<0.05) of the fecal particles in the sieves of bigger granulometry. The odontoplasty increases the digestibility of dietary nutrients and feces particle size, without changing feces quality. Animals after the procedure have shorter concentrate consumption time.

The seasonal distribution of nitrogen fertilizer dressings on pure perennial ryegrass swards

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Yield Distribution

SummaryIn studies of the seasonal distribution of nitrogen fertilizer dressings on grassland using conventional experimental designs it is usually not possible to separate the true effects of an individual fertilizer dressing on the yield at a particular cut from the residual effects of previous dressings. An experiment is described which was designed to allow separation of the direct and residual effects, with certain restrictions, for a system involving five cuts and five possible fertilizer dressings per season on perennial ryegrass swards. From the results obtained over two harvest years on swards on two adjacent sites equations were derived relating the dry-matter and crude-protein yields of herbage to the rate of nitrogen application at five dressings in the season. Predictions of yield distribution patterns from the equations are compared with observed yields from various sequences of nitrogen dressings included in previous experiments at this Institute. Examples are also given of the prediction of sequences of nitrogen dressings required to obtain certain patterns of yield distribution.

scholarly journals Dry matter yields and quality parameters of ten Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus) genotypes at three locations in western Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Abuye Tulu ◽  
Mekonnen Diribsa ◽  
Worku Temesgen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

Ten Napier grass genotypes (accessions) were assessed across 3 locations, Bako, Boneya Boshe and Gute, for forage dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP) concentration, leaf:stem ratio, nutrient composition and digestibility characteristics during 2016 and 2017. The genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Mean DM yield was higher for accession ILRI 16804 across all locations followed by ILRI 16801 and ILRI 16800. Leaf:stem ratio, CP concentration and CP and digestible organic matter (OM) yields also varied significantly among genotypes with the highest values obtained for accession ILRI 16804 across all locations, followed by ILRI 16800 and ILRI 16801. Yields of DM, CP and digestible OM and leaf:stem ratio were higher at Boneya Boshe and Gute than at Bako and higher during 2017 than during 2016. The consistently superior performance of ILRI 16804, ILRI 16801 and ILRI 16800 in both years across the 3 sites suggests that these genotypes should be studied further on farms and in differing environments before being recommended for general cultivation in this area. Examining performance with more frequent harvests and feeding studies with livestock would confirm the benefits to be obtained from planting these new accessions.

Influence of clipping regime and silage quality on the performance of pregnant and lactating ewes

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 55-55
Author(s):  
Heather J Black ◽  
D H B Chestnutt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Additional Influence ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Winter clipping of breeding ewes has given variable increases in lamb birth weight associated mainly with increased ewe voluntary food intake (Rutter, Laird and Broadbent, 1972; Vipond, King, Inglis and Hunter, 1987). The requirement for energy is greatest during the last six weeks of pregnancy but increasing uterine occupation of rumen volume may limit the ewe's ability to increase intake after clipping in late pregnancy. The additional influence of forage quality on intake after clipping is not clear. The present experiment was designed to study the independent and interacting effects of clipping regime and silage quality on lambing performance.Sixty Greyface ewes of uniform age were individually penned 14 weeks before lambing. Precision chop silage offered ad libitum was either early cut [188.3 g dry matter (DM)/kg, 155.7 g crude protein (CP)/kg DM, 740 g digestible organic matter (DOM)/kg DM] or late cut (184.5 g DM/kg, 100.9 g CP/kg DM, 689 g DOM/kg DM). For all treatments concentrate feeding was introduced 7 weeks before lambing, on an increasing scale to provide a total of 21 kg/ewe. Silage type was factorially arranged with 6 clipping regimes.

Nitrogen fertilizer product and timing alternatives exist for forage production in the Peace region of Alberta

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Karamanos ◽  
F. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Total N ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea

Karamanos, R. E. and Stevenson, F. C. 2013. Nitrogen fertilizer product and timing alternatives exist for forage production in the Peace region of Alberta. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 151–160. Four different N sources [ammonium nitrate (NIT), urea (UR), polymer-coated urea (PCU), and N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide-treated urea (AGR)] were applied to stands of pure meadow bromegrass (Bromus beibersteinii L.) or a 50:50 smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.)–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixture in late fall and early spring at four N rates (0, 60, 80 and 100 kg N ha−1) over a 3-yr (2003–2005) period. The N treatments generally increased forage responses, but the response net revenue to N treatment was rarely positive and at times was negative, especially for PCU. On average, PCU resulted in lower yield and protein concentration, lesser N efficiency, and lesser profit relative to other forms of N. This difference was more pronounced in the spring and was less notable at Rycroft, the location with the bromegrass–alfalfa mixture. Also, greater N fertilizer rates increased the yield, protein concentration, total N uptake, and profit for all fertilizer forms. The exceptions to the preceding were N fertilizer rate did not affect forage responses for PCU and at the location with the brome-alfalfa mixture. Urea or AGR provided satisfactory agronomic alternatives to ammonium nitrate when applied in early spring at sufficient rates.

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