scholarly journals Relative bioavailability of phosphorus in low-phytate soybean meal for broiler chicks

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Sands ◽  
D. Ragland ◽  
J. R. Wilcox ◽  
O. Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Response Criteria ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Total P

A 14-d chick bioassay was conducted to estimate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of P in a low-phytate soybean meal (LPSBM) using slope-ratio techniques. A corn-soybean meal basal diet was formulated to supply total P and Ca at 3.3 and 10.5 g kg-1, respectively. Three reference diets were formulated by the addition of 0, 0.5 or 1.0 g kg-1 total P from monosodium phosphate (MSP). Four test diets were formulated by the addition of 0.5 or 1.0 g kg-1 total P from LPSBM or soybean meal (SBM). The additions of MSP, LPSBM, or SBM were made at the expense of corn starch. A diet consisting of the basal diet plus supplemental methionine, lysine, threonine and tryptophan was also included to confirm that response to diets containing LPSBM or SBM was not due to the higher concentration of amino acids in those diets. Each diet was randomly assigned to six replicate cages of four birds. Birds were fed from 1 to 3 wk of age. Body weight gain (P < 0.01) and feed intake (FI, P < 0.05) increased linearly as supplemental dietary P increased from 0 to 1.0 g kg-1 for chicks fed diets containing MSP or LPSBM. Chicks that received the basal P level had the lowest body weight gain and FI. No differences were observed between the basal diet and the amino-acid-supplemented basal diet in any of the response criteria measured indicating that the response to tests was due to the increasing levels of dietary P. Tibia mineral content (TMC) and tibia ash weight (ASH) increased linearly (P < 0.001) in response to supplemental P from MSP, LPSBM and SBM. The RBV for LPSBM and SBM using ASH as the response criteria were estimated at 52 ± 10% and 36 ± 8%, respectively. The RBV for LPSBM and SBM using TMC as the response criteria were estimated at 61 ± 9% and 39 ± 7% , respectively. The RBV of LPSBM was 12 to 16 percentage points higher than SBM depending on the response criteria used for estimating RBV. The results of this study clearly indicate that P from LPSBM is more bioavailable than P from SBM. Key words: Chicks, phosphorus, low-phytate soybean meal, bioavailability, slope-ratio

scholarly journals Are the energy matrix values of the different feed additives in broiler chicken diets could be summed?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdallah E. Metwally ◽  
Ahmed A. A. Abdel-Wareth ◽  
Ahmed A. Saleh ◽  
Shimaa A. Amer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Energy Matrix ◽  
Degrading Enzymes

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to investigate whether the energy matrix values of the nonstarch polysaccharide- (NSP-) degrading enzymes, bioemulsifier (LYSOFORTE®), guanidinoacetic acid (CreAMINO®), or their combinations could be summed. The effects of these additives on the growth performance, carcass traits, and economic value of the broiler chicken diets were evaluated. A total of 525-one-day-old Ross chicks with an initial body weight of 42.96 ± 0.87 g were haphazardly allocated into seven groups with five replicates. The seven experimental treatments are as follows: (1) basal diet with no additives (breeder recommendation), which is the control group, (2) basal diet minus 100 kcal/kg supplemented with 0.02% NSP-degrading enzymes (NSP), (3) basal diet minus 50 kcal/kg supplemented with 0.025% emulsifier (LYSOFORTE®), (4) basal diet minus 50 kcal/kg supplemented with 0.06% guanidinoacetic acid (CreAMINO®), (5) basal diet minus 150 kcal/kg supplemented with a mixture of NSP and LYSOFORTE® (NSPL), (6) basal diet minus 100 kcal/kg supplemented with a mixture of NSP and CreAMINO® (NSPC), and (7) basal diet minus 200 kcal/kg supplemented with a mixture of NSP, LYSO, and CreAMINO® (NSPLC). The experiment lasted for 35 days. Results It was found that the final body weight, body weight gain, and relative growth rate were significantly higher in birds fed diets supplemented with NSPL, NSPC, CreAMINO, and LYSO with the reduced energy matrix value. The overall feed conversion ratio was significantly improved due to the supplementation of NSPC, CreAMINO, NSPL, and LYSO with the reduced energy matrix value compared to the control group. Moreover, no significant effect on the carcass criteria was observed by the different treatments. As a result of the dietary supplementation with NSPL, NSPC, CreAMINO®, and LYSO with the reduced energy matrix value, the net profit, total return, economic efficiency, and performance index were increased and the cost of feed per kg of body weight gain was decreased. Conclusion The energy matrix value of NSPL, NSPC, CreAMINO®, and LYSOFORTE could be established in the diets of broiler chickens to improve the growth performance and economic efficiency.

scholarly journals PSX-31 Effects of substitution of corn and soybean meal with dried distiller’s grains and solubles (DDGS) in legume based diets on lamb feed intake, body weight gain and blood metabolites

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 455-456
Author(s):  
Kianna E Lyte ◽  
Brou Kouakou ◽  
Jung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake

Abstract In the United States, bioethanol is generated from corn and biodiesel from soybean oil to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Ethanol production generates DDGS, high in bypass protein and soluble carbohydrates, which can be used as a cheaper alternative replacement for corn and soybean. This experiment was conducted to evaluate voluntary feed intake, body weight gain and blood metabolites of lambs fed legume-based diets supplemented with corn and soybean meal or dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS). Animals were individually housed in pens (1.52 mx 1.52 m) under a modified carport shed with woodchips as bedding. They were stratified into four groups (n = 9) with similar weights and standard deviation and randomly assigned to four treatments. The lambs were fed ground sericea hay (SL) or alfalfa meal (ALF) with either corn and soybean meal (control) or DDGS for 60 days. Treatments were SLC, SLDDGS, ALFC and AFLDDGS. The lambs were fed ad libitum based on their selected treatment and given water daily. At the end of the 60 days, weights and blood samples were collected. Plasma samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Data were analyzed using Proc Mix Procedure of SAS. Results indicated that replacing corn with DDGS did not (P &gt; 0.05) affect voluntary feed intake, final live weight and carcass weight. Blood NEFA and glucose were not affected by dietary treatments. BUN increased in lambs fed alfalfa with corn and soybean meal compared to animals fed either legume supplemented with DDGS. Similarly animals fed sericea have lower (P &lt; 0.05) BUN (19 vs 23 mg/dL) when corn and soybean meal were replaced with DDGS. DDGS can be used in legume diets for growing lambs in replacement for corn and soybean meal.

scholarly journals Dietary lysine and threonine utilization by young pigs: Efficiency for carcass growth

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Accretion Rates

Two experiments were conducted to determine the efficiency of dietary lysine and threonine retention for carcass protein accretion in pigs within a body weight range of 10–20 kg. At the beginning of the experiments, an initial representative group of 6 pigs were killed for carcass compositional analysis. In the first experiment, conducted to determine the efficiency of dietary lysine retention, a basal diet was formulated to contain 6 g of lysine kg−1. Twelve pigs were fed the basal diet supplemented with L-lysine∙HCl to contain 6, 7, or 8 g of lysine kg−1. Daily weight gain and gain:feed ratio were higher (P < 0.05) for pigs fed 8 g of lysine than for pigs fed 6 g of lysine kg−1 diet. The accretion rates of dry matter, protein, ash, and lysine in the carcass were higher for pigs fed 8 g of lysine than for pigs fed 6 g of lysine kg−1 diet. A linear regression of daily carcass lysine accretion on daily lysine intake resulted in a 72% efficiency of carcass lysine accretion above maintenance. In the second experiment, three diets including a basal diet formulated to contain 4 g of threonine kg−1 and supplemented with L-threonine to contain 4, 4.65, or 5.3 g of threonine kg−1 were fed to 12 pigs. Rate and efficiency of body weight gain exhibited a dose-response improvement (P < 0.05) to an increase in dietary threonine. Carcass protein, ash, and threonine accretion rates were higher (P < 0.05) for pigs fed 5.3 g of threonine than those fed 4 g of threonine kg−1 diet. Linear regression of daily carcass threonine accretion on daily threonine intake resulted in extra-maintenance efficiency of threonine retention of 60%. The efficiencies of dietary lysine and threonine utilization for carcass growth in pigs within the liveweight range of 10–20 kg are 72 and 60%, respectively. Key words: Lysine, threonine, retention efficiency, amino acids, pigs

Effect of Replacement of Antibiotic with Probiotic on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Nutrient Retention in Broilers Fed with Meat Cum Bone Meal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Madhuri ◽  
B. Swathi ◽  
P. Radhakrishna ◽  
D. Nagalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Meal

The effect of replacing an antibiotic growth promoter in the diet with a probiotic on growth performance, carcass characteristics and nutrient retention was studied in broilers (Vencobb 430) fed with and without meat cum bone meal (MBM). This experiment which lasted for 42 days consisted of six dietary treatments viz., basal diet (BD), basal diet with MBM (MBM), basal diet with antibiotic (AB), basal diet with probiotic (PB), basal diet with MBM and antibiotic (MBM+AB) and basal diet with MBM and probiotic (MBM+PB). Three-hundred, day-old chicks were randomly allotted in the beginning to these six groups. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significantly (P less than 0.05) affected at 4th week of age. Overall, highest body weight gain was recorded in birds fed with AB and PB. Inclusion of probiotic in MBM also showed improved body weight gain when compared to MBM group. Highest feed intake and feed conversion ratio was recorded with AB and PB groups. Birds supplemented with MBM+PB showed improved feed intake and feed efficiency when compared to MBM+AB and MBM diet supplemented groups. Higher dry matter, crude protein, calcium and phosphorus retention (P less than 0.05) was observed in birds supplemented with PB or AB in diet without MBM when compared to their control. In MBM supplemented groups addition of PB or AB improved crude protein retention. Birds supplemented with PB or AB with or without MBM showed a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in thigh yield and a non significant reduction in fat yield when compared to their control groups.

The impact of laboratory chow for rats in the experiments: Chemical and biological evaluation of nine grain-based diet options

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
RS Ferreira ◽  
L de Souza Morelini ◽  
EMC de Azeredo ◽  
ECS Vieira ◽  
EB Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Net Protein

Cereal-based diets formulated as semi-purified diets can provide flexibility for researchers, enabling open controlled formulas, besides being cheaper than purified diets. Seeking to widen the researchers’ options in their experimental design developments, we aimed at assaying the chemical score, growth performance and protein utilization of nine semi-purified experimental chows. These diets were formulated at 17.8%, 12% and 8% protein contents, using three variations of ingredients for each one, as follows: casein (C), casein+soybean meal (C+S, 1:1 w/w protein) and casein+soybean meal+corn gluten meal (C+S+G, 1:1:1 w/w protein), without cysteine supplementation and setting casein 17.8% (AIN-93G) as reference diet. The diets C and C+S (17.8%) had the Cys as the limiting amino acid once the addition of gluten turns the Lys as second limiting. All diets had the potential for promoting growth with body mass gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR; chow consumed per body weight gain, average 3.12) and feed efficiency ratio (FER; body weight gain per chow consumed, average 0.3), except for C+S+G 8% (FCR = 6 g; FER = 0.13). These variations were mainly due to the protein amounts independently from the protein ingredient used and could characterize the C+S+G 8% as unable to support growth. For the other parameters (digestibility, net protein ratio, net protein utilization and protein efficiency ratio), there were no relevant differences between the diets. We can conclude that 17.8%, 12% and 8% chows (C and C+S) allowed a proper combination of ingredients from the point of view of palatability, nutrient availability/utilization, metabolic processes, growth performance and feed utilization parameters.

A COMPARISON OF RAPESEED MEAL AND SOYBEAN MEAL AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN AND PROTECTED LIPID AS A SOURCE OF SUPPLEMENTAL ENERGY FOR CALF STARTER DIETS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Formed Part

Thirty male Holstein calves were utilized in a 2 × 3 factorial experiment designed to compare rapeseed meal (cv. Candle) and soybean meal as protein supplements and 0, 10, and 20% levels of protected lipid as a form of supplemental energy for starter rations. The six rations were fed free choice from 21 to 70 days of the experiment with whole milk fed at 10% of body weight from 0 to 42 days. Starter intake was similar for the two protein sources but significantly less for the ration containing 10% protected lipid compared to either the 0 or 20% levels. Body weight gain was faster for calves fed the starter containing 20% protected lipid compared to those fed the 10% level. Efficiency of feed conversion was greater for calves receiving protected lipid. There were no differences between protein source in dry matter intake, body weight gain, efficiency of feed conversion, apparent dry matter digestibility or dressing percent. Plasma glucose and percent hematocrit were significantly lower and percent kidney fat significantly higher for calves fed starter rations containing soybean meal. The relative availability of copper was reduced significantly when soybean meal or 20% protected lipid formed part of the starter diet. It was concluded from this study that Candle rapeseed meal was a suitable source of supplemental protein for calf starter diets and that the inclusion of protected lipid improved feed conversion of calves from 43 to 70 days of age.

scholarly journals Bioavailability ofD-methionine relative toL-methionine for nursery pigs using the slope-ratio assay

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsu Kong ◽  
Jong Young Ahn ◽  
Beob G. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Quadratic Response

This experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability ofD-methionine (Met) relative toL-Met for nursery pigs using the slope-ratio assay. A total of 50 crossbred barrows with an initial BW of 13.5 kg (SD = 1.0) were used in an N balance study. A Met-deficient basal diet (BD) was formulated to contain an adequate amount of all amino acids (AA) for 10–20 kg pigs except for Met. The two reference diets were prepared by supplementing the BD with 0.4 or 0.8 gL-Met/kg at the expense of corn starch, and an equivalent concentration ofD-Met was added to the BD for the two test diets. The pigs were adapted to the experimental diets for 5 d and then total but separated collection of feces and urine was conducted for 4 d according to the marker-to-marker procedure. Nitrogen intakes were similar across the treatments. Fecal N output was not affected by Met supplementation regardless of source and consequently apparent N digestibility did not change. Conversely, there was a negative linear response (P< 0.01) to Met supplementation with both Met isomers in urinary N output, which resulted in increased retained N (g/4 d) and N retention (% of intake). No quadratic response was observed in any of the N balance criteria. The estimated bioavailability ofD-Met relative toL-Met from urinary N output (g/4 d) and N retention (% of intake) as dependent variables using supplemental Met intake (g/4 d) as an independent variable were 87.6% and 89.6%, respectively; however, approximately 95% of the fiducial limits for the relative bioavailability estimates included 100%. In conclusion, with an absence of statistical significance, the present study indicated that the mean relative bioequivalence ofD- toL-Met was 87.6% based on urinary N output or 89.6% based on N retention.

scholarly journals Estimation of the relative bioavailability of several zinc sources for broilers when fed a conventional diet

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-453
Author(s):  
M. Sahraei ◽  
H. Janmmohamadi ◽  
A. Taghizadeh ◽  
Ali Moghadam ◽  
S.A. Rafat
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion

An experiment was conducted with 312 day-old male broiler chicks in grower phase(8-28d) to estimate the biological availability of four sources Zinc (Zn), Zinc sulfate(ZnSO4.H2O), two sources of Zinc oxide(ZnO FG1 and ZnO FG2) and Bioplex Zn. Zinc sulfate (ZnSO4.H2O) was used as the standard in the bioavailability assay. Chicks were allotted randomly to 13 dietary treatments with 6 birds per replicate and 4 replicates per treatment, that included an unsupplemented corn-soybean meal basal diet (25.50 mg of Zn/kg of DM), or the basal diet supplemented with 100, 150 or 200 mg/kg of DM as either ZnSO4.H2O (33 % Zn), Zinc oxide FG1(72%Zn), Zinc oxide FG2 (75%Zn) or Bioplex Zn (15% Zn). Dietary Zn level and source had no effect (P>0.05) of feed intake or body weight gain of chicks during first and second weeks of experimental periods, but feed conversion ratio in the first and second week and feed intake, body weight gain or feed conversion ratio in third week and total experimental periods were significant difference between treatments (P<0.05). The relative biological availability values using body weight gain were estimated to be 59, 99 or 45 for three levels of Zinc oxide FG1, 64, 78 or 31 for three levels of Zinc oxide FG2 and 151, 200 or 147 for three levels of Bioplex Zn, respectively. From the standpoint of bioavailability, Bioplex Zn was more available to broiler chicks than Zn from other sources and can be used by the feed industry as sources of supplemental Zn for broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Effect of different level of molasses inclusion on feed intake, body weight gain and carcass parameters of Afar sheep in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Anwar Seid Hassen ◽  
Mohammed Yasin Ali
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Concentrate Mix

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementing different levels of molasses and concentrates mix with a basal diet of cultivated pasture hay on intake, body weight and carcass quality of Afar sheep. Twenty four yearling Afar sheep, grouped in to four groups of six animals each in a randomized complete block design. The experiment consisted of four months feeding trial each group will receive the experimental feeds. Treatments were mixed concentrate + 20% inclusion molasses (T1), mixed concentrate + 15% inclusion molasses (T2), mixed concentrate + 10% inclusion molasses (T3) and 0% inclusion (T4). In this experiment with mean initial weight of 15.9±0.39 kg (mean ± SD), 16.2 ±0.41 kg, 16.3±0.42k.g and 16.1kg±0.42 respectively, were used in each treatment group. The experiment was consisted of 90 days of feeding trial followed by carcass evaluation. The concentrate mix were 2:1 (wheat bran and cotton seed cake) The CP content of the panicum antidotale hay, concentrate mix and molasses were 95g/kg DM, 252g/kg DM, and 38.4g/kg, respectively. Hay DM intake was did not differ (P<0.05) among all treatments. Average daily weight gain (ADG) was higher (P<0.05) for T2 (69.59g/kg) compared to other treatments. Hot carcass weight also higher (P<0.05) for T2 (14.41kg). Weight gains 12.31kg, 13.83kg, 11.25kg and 10.26kg for Tx1, Tx2, Tx3 and Tx4, respectively). All Carcass parameters gave advantage (P<0.01) to Tx2. From the present study, it can be concluded that Tx2 sheep performed better than Tx1, Tx3, and Tx4 in terms of body weight gain, Feed intake, and carcass parameters. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2019, 5(1): 23-30

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