Effect of dietary particle size and carbohydrase and/or phytase supplementation on nitrogen and phosphorus excretion of grower pigs

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Oryschak ◽  
P. H. Simmins ◽  
R. T. Zijlstra
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nutrient Excretion ◽  
Phosphorus Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Total P

The effect of dietary particle size and enzyme supplementation on N and P excretion were investigated in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with three particle sizes (400, 700, or 850 μm), two levels of a carbohydrase cocktail [0 or 444 added units (U) β-glucanase plus 1385 added U xylanase kg-1 diet], and two levels of phytase (0 or 374 added U phytase kg-1 diet), for a total of 12 dietary treatments. Diets (70% barley, 25% peas) were formulated to contain 3.25 Mcal digestible energy (DE) kg-1, 1.6 g digestible lysine Mcal-1 DE, and 1.2 g kg-1 available P. Sixty pigs (25.3 ± 1.4 kg) had restricted access (3 × maintenance DE) to feed, and five individual pig observations for each of the 12 mash diets were obtained. Reducing particle size from 700 to 400 µm reduced total P excretion 12% and increased P digestibility and retention 15% (P < 0.05), while phytase reduced total P excretion 28% and increased P digestibility and retention 42% (P < 0.01). Reducing particle size from 850 and 700 to 400 µ m decreased total N excretion 4 and 7%, respectively (P < 0.05). Carbohydrase did not affect P digestibility or excretion (P > 0.10), but increased digestibility of N and energy (P < 0.05). Carbohydrase interacted with particle size for energy digestibility (P < 0.01) and with phytase for N and energy digestibility (P < 0.05). Particle size affected N excretion and energy digestibility more than enzyme supplementation, while phytase affected P excretion more than particle size, suggesting that particle size reduction and phytase supplementation are effective to reduce nutrient excretion of grower pigs. Key words: Particle size, carbohydrase, phytase, pig, nitrogen, phosphorus

Effect of micronization of peas and enzyme supplementation on nutrient excretion and manure volume in growing pigs

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zhang ◽  
C. M. Nyachoti ◽  
S. Arntfield ◽  
W. Guenter ◽  
S. Cenkowski
Keyword(s):  
Urine Volume ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Excretion ◽  
Phosphorus Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

The effect of micronization of peas and enzyme supplementation on performance, nitrogen and phosphorus excretion as well as manure output was investigated in a study with 12 Cotswold gilts (26.9 ± 3.6 kg initial body weight). Three diets based on barley-raw peas (control), barley-micronized peas, or barley-micronized peas plus a multi-enzyme blend were used. The study was conducted in two blocks and within a block; each diet was randomly assigned to four pigs to give a total of eight observations per diet. Pigs fed micronized peas and micronized peas plus enzyme diets had higher (P < 0.05) feed conversion than the control. Compared with the control, micronization of peas reduced (P < 0.05) wet and dry fecal output by 33 and 25%, respectively. Urine volume was not influenced (P > 0.05) by dietary treatment. Total fecal phosphorus excretion was lower (P < 0.001) in gilts fed the micronized peas or micronized peas plus enzyme diets compared with the control. Micronization of peas reduced (P < 0.05) total nitrogen excretion in pig manure by 21.5% (17.39 vs. 13.65 g d-1). In conclusion, formulating pig grower diets with micronized peas improves nitrogen and phosphorus utilization and reduces total manure volume. Key words: Pigs, nitrogen, phosphorus, manure volume, micronized peas

scholarly journals Diurnal and spatial (vertical) dynamics of nutrients (N, P, Si) in four sampling days (summer, fall, winter, and spring) in a tropical shallow reservoir and their relationships with the phytoplankton community

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Ramírez ◽  
C. E. M. Bicudo
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Vertical Variation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Phosphorus Forms ◽  
Reactive Silica ◽  
Photosynthetic Assimilation ◽  
The City ◽  
Total P

The vertical and diurnal variation of nitrogen and phosphorus forms, as well as that of soluble reactive silica (SRS), were studied in four sampling days at Garças reservoir, a shallow tropical one located in the city of São Paulo, in southeastern Brazil. Except for N-NH4, all other inorganic forms of nitrogen (N-NO2, N-NO3, and total N) demonstrated decreased concentrations toward the bottom of reservoir. Similarly, all showed significant diurnal differences on every sampling day, with increased values during the night due to absence of photosynthetic assimilation during that period. In the sampling days, these forms decreased on the spring sampling day due to the bloom of Microcystis registered during this period of the year. All three forms of phosphorus (SRP, particulate P, and total P) showed significant vertical variation, except on the fall sampling day. On the summer sampling day there was an increase of both total P and particulate P, the latter because it constitutes more than 70% of the total P during all sampling days. Hourly phosphorus variation was significant during all sampling days, except for the summer one. The SRS vertical variation was significant during all sampling days, except for that in the spring. It was also different hourly on sampling days.

scholarly journals Distribution of Triarrhena lutarioriparia and its reserve characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in Dongting Lake

2021 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Youze Xu ◽  
Guangyi Fu ◽  
Nan Tang ◽  
Zhonghao He ◽  
Lincheng Jian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Dongting Lake ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Remote Sensing Interpretation ◽  
Storage Characteristics ◽  
Total P ◽  
Lake Wetlands

Triarrhena lutarioriparia, a typical and most abundant macrophyte in Dongting lake wetland, was in the state of abandonment following the papermaking industry revocation in the lake basin. In order to provide scientific basis for precise management of T. lutarioriparia, the T. lutarioriparia distribution charateristics in Dongting Lake and its storage characteristics of nutrients were investigated in this study. Remote sensing interpretation results showed that the total area of T. lutarioriparia in Dongting Lake wetland was 58, 450 ha, 48.31% of which distributed in South Doting Lake wetlands. The nutrients contents were significantly different in T. lutarioriparia tissues, ranking in the descending order of spikes (TN 27.90 mg/g, TP 3.46 mg/g)>leaves (TN 16.38 mg/g, TP 2.11 mg/g)>stems (TN 5.38 mg/g, TP 0.85 mg/g). The total P quantities in each T. lutarioriparia tissue were ranked in the order: stems (560.26 t)>leaves (396.52 t)>spikes (284.67 t), while the total N quantities were within the range of 2170.02-2801.3 t. It was estimated that about 7712.99 t of TN and 1241.45 t of TP were annually removed from Dongting Lake by reaping T. lutarioriparia. The nutrients stored in the dead tissues of T. lutarioriparia might possess non-negligible impact on the water quality of Doting Lake.

Full Scale Experiences with Nutrient Removal at Two Wastewater Treatment Plants in The Netherlands

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 343-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Draaijer ◽  
A. H. M. Buunen-van Bergen ◽  
E. van't Oever ◽  
A. A. J. C. Schellen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
Total P

Two full scale projects are described in this paper; these are the Bergambacht wastewater plant (carrousel) and the Terneuzen wastewater plant (Schreiber system). Both plants use a system of intermittent aeration to combine nitrification and denitrification processes. At the Bergambacht plant biological phosphorus removal is carried out by the introduction of the side stream process. At the Terneuzen plant it is carried out by introducing anaerobic periods in the aeration tanks. The objective is to meet the new total nitrogen and phosphorus effluent standards in The Netherlands of resp. 10-15 and 1-2 mg/l. At the Terneuzen wastewater plant the standards could not be reached for total-nitrogen, mainly due to the low BOD to Kj-N ratio of 2:8 in the feed to the aeration tanks. Adjustments are suggested to improve the denitrification rate. At the Bergambacht wastewater plant effluent concentrations of 6 - 7 mg/l total N and 0.3 mg/l total P were achieved.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Phosphorus Balances Vary at the Whole-Farm, Field, and Within-Field Scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Berlingeri ◽  
Joseph R. Lawrence ◽  
S. Sunoj ◽  
Karl J. Czymmek ◽  
Quirine M. Ketterings
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
N Removal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total P

A field nutrient balance (supplied minus harvested) can be an effective, end-of-season management evaluation tool. However, development of guidance for balance-based management requires knowledge of variability in balance inputs. To contribute to development of such guidelines, we evaluated the impact of corn silage hybrid selection, nutrient management, and growing conditions on field nitrogen (N) balances and documented variability in N and phosphorus (P) balances at the whole-farm, field, within-field levels. Variability in N removal among hybrids was evaluated using hybrid trials (5 locations, 4 years each). Variability in farm and field balances (4 farms, 2 years each) and within-field balances (2 farms, 2 years each) was assessed as well. Nitrogen supply comprised soil N (soil type-specific book values), rotation N, past manure N, and current year N (fertilizer and/or manure). Total N balances included all current year manure N while available N balances considered only plant-available N from manure. Phosphorus balances were derived as total P applied minus P harvested. Yield explained 81% of the variability in N uptake across hybrids. Nitrogen uptake intensity (NUI; N uptake per unit of yield) varied across locations and years, averaging 4.3 ± 0.1 kg N/Mg for short-season hybrids [≤95 days-to-maturity (DTM)] vs. 4.1 ± 0.1 kg N Mg−1 for longer-season hybrids. Whole-farm N balances ranged from 139 to 251 kg N ha−1 for total N and 43 to 106 kg N ha−1 for available N. Phosphorus balances ranged from 28 to 154 kg P ha−1. Balances per field ranged from −8 to 453, −66 to 250 kg N ha−1, and −30 to 315 kg P ha−1 for total N, available N, and total P, respectively, while within-field balances showed even larger ranges. We conclude that (1) variability in corn silage N and P balances at field and within-field scales and across year is large, emphasizing the need for field and within-field (where feasible) evaluation tools and management options, and (2) feasible limits for N balances should include both total and available N.

scholarly journals Uptake rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water by Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia auriculata

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. PETRUCIO ◽  
F. A. ESTEVES
Keyword(s):  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Nutrient Reduction ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Adequate Management ◽  
Total P

The main goal of this research was to survey information about the physiology of Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia auriculata and their capacity to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from the environment, after quantifying the concentrations of the nitrogen (NO3-N, NH4-N and total-N) and phosphorus (PO4-P and total-P) compounds in the water. The macrophytes were incubated in the laboratory in plastic vials of approximately 1.5 litters containing a previously prepared solution of NH4NO3, NH4Cl and KH2PO4. Eichhornia crassipes exhibited the highest rates of nutrient reduction and the concentrations of NO3-N, NH4-N and PO4-P in the water influenced the uptake rates of nitrogen and phosphorus of the E. crassipes and S. auriculata. This information can help to reach adequate management strategies for aquatic macrophytes in order to reduce the eutrophication process in Imboassica lagoon.

Nutrient status of Lake Liddel, New South Wales: mass loadings of nitrogen and phosphurus, industrial modification, and trophic state

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
RN Royle ◽  
RJ King
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
New South ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total P

The concentrations of nitratehitrite-N, Kjeldahl-N and total P in point-source additions to and losses from Lake Liddell (32° 22'S,150° 1'E) were measured fortnightly from September 1987 to September 1988. These data were used in conjunction with flow-rate data to construct a nitrogen and phosphorus budget from Lake Liddell. The annual net point-source loadings of nitrogen and phosphorus were 23 400 and 5700 kg, respectively. There was little relationship between changes in lake nutrient concentrations and fortnightly mass loadings. The mean molar N: P ratio for point source mass additions was 13: 1, whereas that within the lake was 33: 1. These features indicate that within-lake processes were the dominant processes in determining lake nutrient concentrations. Retention in the sediments of a greater proportion of the total P pool than of the total-N pool appeared to be one of these processes. The use of Lake Liddell water in power-station operations resulted in substantial increases in nitrate/ nitrite-N and total-P concentrations in waters returned to the lake. The use of Dillon's model to predict mean annual total-P concentrations from mass loadings indicates that Lake Liddell is on the border between mesotrophic and eutrophic states.

Ultrasound Coupled with Fenton Oxidation Pre-Treatment of Sludge to Release Organic Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus

2015 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 506-514
Author(s):  
Chang Xiu Gong ◽  
Jian Guo Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Fenton Oxidation ◽  
Fenton Reagent ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Total P

We focused on the effects of ultrasound and Fenton reagent in ultrasonic coupling Fenton oxidation (U+F) pre-treatment processes on the disintegration of wastewater treatment plant sludge. The results demonstrated that U+F treatment could significantly increase SCOD, TOC, total N, proteins, total P and PO43- concentrations in sludge supernatant. This method was more effective than ultrasonic (U) or Fenton oxidation (F) treatment alone. U+F treatment increased the SCOD by 2.1-and 1.4-fold compared with U and F alone, respectively. U+F treatment increased the total N and P by 1.7-and 2.2-fold, respectively, compared with F alone. This demonstrated that U+F treatment induces disintegration of sludge and release of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus better.

Nitrogen and phosphorus variation in shallow groundwater and assimilation in plants in complex riparian buffer zones

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 615-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kuusemets ◽  
Ü Mander ◽  
K. Lõhmus ◽  
M. Ivask
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Riparian Buffer ◽  
Alnus Incana ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Total N ◽  
Purification Efficiency ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Riparian Buffer Zones ◽  
Total P

The study of purification efficiency and nutrient assimilation in plants was made in two riparian buffer zones with a complex of wet meadow and grey alder (Alnus incana) stand. In the less polluted Porijõgi test site, the 31 m wide buffer zone removed 40% of total nitrogen (total-N) and 78% of total phosphorus (total-P), while a heavily polluted 51 m wide buffer zone in Viiratsi retained 85% of total-N and 84% of total-P. The input of nutrients and purification efficiency displayed a significant relationship. The total-N removal in buffer zone was negative when the input value was less than 0.3 mg l-1 and the purification efficiency was always positive when the input value exceeded 5 mg l-1. The purification efficiency of total-P was positive when the input value exceeded 0.15 mg l-1. Grass vegetation plays an important role in nutrient retention in riparian buffer strips. The maximum phytomass production was measured in Porijõgi site where production of the Filipendula ulmaria community was up to 2,358 g m-2, assimilation of N 32.1 and of P 4.9 g m-2, respectively. This is much higher than the biomass production and N and P uptake of the grey alders (Alnus incana) at the same site - 1,730, 20.5 and 1.5 g m-2, respectively.

LAND USE TYPES AND SOIL CHARACTERISTICTS: A CASE STUDY IN HUONG VINH COMMUNE, HUONG TRA TOWN, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (4B) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trần Thanh Đức
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Total N ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Total P

This research carried out in Huong Vinh commune, Huong Tra town, Thua Thien Hue province aimed to identify types of land use and soil characteristics. Results showed that five crops are found in Huong Vinh commune including rice, peanut, sweet potato, cassava and vegetable. There are two major soil orders with four soil suborders classified by FAO in Huong Vinh commune including Fluvisols (Dystric Fluvisols<em>, </em>Gleyic Fluvisols and Cambic Fluvisols) and Arenosols (Haplic Arenosols). The results from soil analysis showed that three soil suborders including Dystric Fluvisols<em>, </em>Gleyic Fluvisols and Cambic Fluvisols belonging to Fluvisols were clay loam in texture, low pH, low in OC, total N, total P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and total K<sub>2</sub>O. Meanwhile, the Haplic Arenosols was loamy sand in texture, poor capacity to hold OC, total N, total P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and total K<sub>2</sub>O

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document