scholarly journals Economic values of traits for dairy cattle improvement estimated using field-recorded data

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. St-Onge ◽  
J. F. Hayes ◽  
R. I. Cue
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Covariance Models ◽  
Recorded Data

The objective of this study was to compute economic values of traits using an empirical approach. The data set consisted of 193 257 lifetime records of Holstein and Ayrshire cows. Different profitability measurements were used as the dependent variables in covariance models to compute different sets of economic values. A kilogram genetic increase in fat production had economic values between $25 and $31 in Holstein herds and between $34 and $36 in Ayrshire herds using lifetime profit as the dependent variable. A unit genetic increase in conformation had the highest positive impact on profit ($176 in Holstein herds and $300 in Ayrshire herds) while a similar increase in capacity had a negative impact on profit (between $–30 and $–102 in Holstein herds and $–92 in Ayrshire herds). Using lifetime profit adjusted for the opportunity cost of postponed replacement reduced the influence of type traits on profit. Finally, profits of first lactations were used to study the consequences of changes in pricing systems that occurred in Quebec in August 1992. A kilogram genetic increase in protein production had negative economic values in the 1980s ($–3.70$ in Holstein herds and $–8.33 in Ayrshire herds) and positive economic values after August 1992 ($7.50 in Holstein herds and $12.83 in Ayrshire herds). Key words: Dairy cattle, economic value, field-recorded data, profitability, estimated breeding value

scholarly journals Policies, economic incentives and the adoption of modern irrigation technology in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Cremades ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
J. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Irrigation Efficiency ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Governmental Support

Abstract. The challenges China faces in terms of water availability in the agricultural sector are exacerbated by the sector's low irrigation efficiency. To increase irrigation efficiency, promoting modern irrigation technology has been emphasized by policy makers in the country. The overall goal of this paper is to understand the effect of governmental support and economic incentives on the adoption of modern irrigation technology in China, with a focus on household-based irrigation technology and community-based irrigation technology. Based on a unique data set collected at household and village levels from seven provinces, the results indicated that household-based irrigation technology has become noticeable in almost every Chinese village. In contrast, only about half of Chinese villages have adopted community-based irrigation technology. Despite the relatively high adoption level of household-based irrigation technology at the village level, its actual adoption in crop sown areas was not high, even lower for community-based irrigation technology. The econometric analysis results revealed that governmental support instruments like subsidies and extension services policies have played an important role in promoting the adoption of modern irrigation technology. Strikingly, the present irrigation pricing policy has played a significant but contradictory role in promoting the adoption of different types of modern irrigation technology. Irrigation pricing showed a positive impact on household-based irrigation technology, and a negative impact on community-based irrigation technology, possibly related to the substitution effect that is, the higher rate of adoption of household-based irrigation technology leads to lower incentives for investment in community-based irrigation technology. The paper finally concludes and discusses some policy implications.

Manfaat Pemisahan Sampah Organik dan Anorganik Melalui Media Buku Ilustrasi Anak

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonde Martadireja
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Disease Clusters ◽  
Visual Communication Design ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Children Health ◽  
Pile Up ◽  
Negative Impacts

<p><em>Garbage was defined as the residue of people's daily activities. In the social environment, to facilitate decomposition, garbage was generally grouped into two simple parts; namely organic garbage and inorganic garbage. </em><em>garbage management was needed to reduce the possibility of positive and negative impacts to the environment. Economic value was grouped into positive impact, while the source of odors and disease clusters were grouped as negative impact. </em><em>In this study, the focus of the problem is on the negative group. Because if garbage is allowed to pile up in one place in community settlements, it will become a source of unpleasant odors so that it can then become an area for germs to develop. </em><em>This condition is an indication that the garbage had not been managed properly and could worsen the surrounding environment. Therefore, proceeded from the scientific visual communication design, then at least hazard information and proper garbage processing method needed to be made. Knowledge of garbage separation to reduce environmental pollution would be better if known or understood since childhood. </em><em>The choice of work form for dissemination of this information was children illustration book. The process of realizing this illustration book work used several stages, the first stage was the process of collecting data about garbage and its processing, then data on the type of book that match the target audience. </em><em>The second stage was the process of making books, in this stage it went through several processes from pre-production to production.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Illustration, Children, Health, Garbage</em><em></em></p>

Manfaat Pemisahan Sampah Organik dan Anorganik Melalui Media Buku Ilustrasi Anak

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardani Ari Suseno ◽  
Nabila Ulul Albab ◽  
Sonde Martadireja
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Disease Clusters ◽  
Visual Communication Design ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pile Up ◽  
Negative Impacts

Garbage was defined as the residue of people's daily activities. In the social environment, to facilitate decomposition, garbage was generally grouped into two simple parts; namely organic garbage and inorganic garbage. garbage management was needed to reduce the possibility of positive and negative impacts to the environment. Economic value was grouped into positive impact, while the source of odors and disease clusters were grouped as negative impact. In this study, the focus of the problem is on the negative group. Because if garbage is allowed to pile up in one place in community settlements, it will become a source of unpleasant odors so that it can then become an area for germs to develop. This condition is an indication that the garbage had not been managed properly and could worsen the surrounding environment. Therefore, proceeded from the scientific visual communication design, then at least hazard information and proper garbage processing method needed to be made. Knowledge of garbage separation to reduce environmental pollution would be better if known or understood since childhood. The choice of work form for dissemination of this information was children illustration book. The process of realizing this illustration book work used several stages, the first stage was the process of collecting data about garbage and its processing, then data on the type of book that match the target audience. The second stage was the process of making books, in this stage it went through several processes from pre-production to production.

scholarly journals The Impact of Financial Structure Towards Performance of Non-Financial Companies Listed on Amman Stock Exchange

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-83
Author(s):  
Laith Fouad Alshouha ◽  
◽  
Wan Nur Syahida Wan Ismail ◽  
Mohd Zulkifli Mokhtar ◽  
Nik Mohd Norfadzilah Nik Mohd Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Financial Structure ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Amman Stock Exchange ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between financial structure towards the financial performance of companies listed on Amman stock exchange (ASE) as one of the emerging economies. This paper adopted a panel data set of 88 non-financial companies listed on the ASE over a period of 10 years from 2009 to 2018. According to empirical results that there is significant evidence to support the fact that debt repaying ability (DRAB), managerial ownership (MANOW), and foreign ownership (FOROW) are positively related to firm performance. Otherwise, the findings revealed no evidence to support the impact of the financial structure ability (FSA) towards firm performance. Moreover, the findings support the fact that firm size (SIZ) has a positive impact on firm performance of companies listed on the ASE. On the other hand, (AGE) has a negative impact on firm performance, while (GROWTH) has no impact on firm performance. The current study encourages managers to maintain a good percentage of debt repaying ability and owners to grant shares as managers’ incentives, and also to attract foreign investors. Future studies, should try applying the current study on the financial sector.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Practice Path of the Flipped Classroom Model Assisted by Big Data in English Teaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zhan Du ◽  
Jie Su
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mining Algorithm

This paper makes a detailed analysis of the integrated mining algorithm, analyzes the characteristics of curriculum big data, and analyzes the existing problems of the current association rule mining algorithm, as well as the defects and deficiencies when applied to the curriculum data. Aiming at the problem of mining the entire data set by the mining algorithm, this topic proposes the idea of using the K-means algorithm for clustering processing and uses the Ball-tree structure on the basis of the original K-means algorithm to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. The data set is separated into several clusters of an appropriate number. In the flipped classroom, the basic knowledge is put before the class for learning, and the further deepening and practical application of language knowledge is completed in the class. Teachers can give timely guidance when encountering unsolvable difficulties so that students’ learning can be more effective. This new teaching model not only strengthens students’ confidence in learning and increases their interest in learning, but also increases the opportunities for students to interact with teachers and classmates in the classroom, allowing them to construct the meaning of knowledge in the fun of interactive communication. The classroom has become relaxed, lively, and attractive, and students’ sense of autonomy, self-learning ability, and collaborative inquiry ability have also been unknowingly improved. Among the main factors, the willingness to flip, emotional state, leadership role, and online learning input have a significant positive impact on collaborative learning performance, and the sense of competition has a partial negative impact on collaborative learning performance, of which positively affecting individual knowledge mastery. Among the nonmain factors, the degree of difficulty of the course, teacher-student interaction, teacher motivation, and evaluation mechanism have a significant positive impact on collaborative learning performance. Classroom assistive technology has a partial negative impact on collaborative learning performance. From the perspective of group performance, group-level performance considerations such as the quality of group conversations and the degree of group knowledge sharing in collaborative learning performance are more affected by nonsubject factors.

scholarly journals A Panel Analysis of Trade Gravity between Pakistan and South Asian Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-207
Author(s):  
Waheed Ullah Jan ◽  
Mahmood Shah
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Trade Relations

This paper attempts to examine Pakistan’s trade patterns with South Asian countries by using a gravity model of trade. The main objective of the study is to quantify the long‑run impacts of gravity variables. To achieve this objective, a panel data set for the period 2003 to 2017 has been used. Based on the mixed evidence of the results of panel unit root tests, Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) techniques are applied. The outcome of the PMG and Panel DOLS models justifies the theoretical background of the gravity model and suggests that all the basic gravity variables haveusual signs. The RGDPs and population of both Pakistan and the partner country have a positive impact on their bilateral trade. On the other hand, the distance between the two trading countries and the exchange rate have a negative impact on bilateral trade.The uniqueness of this study is that it measures the impacts of qualitative variables along with basic gravity variables. Language similarities and common borders have a positive impact on bilateral trade. Pakistan has borders with India and Afghanistan, but their trade relations are not worth mentioning. The military conflicts between Pakistan and India, and the political suspicions between Pakistan and Afghanistan hinder their trade relations.

scholarly journals How Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprise Innovation Affects Credit Accessibility: The Case of Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9559
Author(s):  
Phuong Anh Nguyen ◽  
Thuy Anh Tram Uong ◽  
Quang Dung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
New Technology ◽  
New Product ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Enterprise Innovation ◽  
The University

Nowadays, small- and medium-sized enterprises play crucial roles in both developed and developing countries. They create new employment, fulfill the market gap, contribute to Gross Domestic Product and boost the whole economy. However, small- and medium-sized enterprises face more financial constraints than large enterprises, which prevent them from growing and expanding their activities. This paper aims to investigate how the innovation of small- and medium-sized enterprises impacts on credit accessibility in Vietnam from 2005 to 2015, through five aspects of innovation: new products, new technology, improved existing products, research and development investment, and machine innovation. The data set consists of more than 4500 observations of small- and medium-sized enterprises in Vietnam. This data set is taken from a survey conducted within the framework of cooperation among UNU-WIDER, the University of Copenhagen and Vietnamese government agencies. Using panel regression model, we found out that three out of five innovation factors significantly impact on credit accessibility. More specifically, research and development investment and new product have negative impact on credit accessibility; whereas new technology has positive impact on credit accessibility. These findings are useful for firm managers, banks and policy makers to help small- and medium-sized enterprises overcome financial constraints through innovation aspects.

scholarly journals Impact of Better Management Practices on Sustainable Cotton Production: Evidence from South Punjab

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Tayyaba Hina ◽  
Muhammad Asad ur Rehman Naseer
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Adoption Rate ◽  
The Impact

The basic purpose of this study was to look at the position of Better Management Practices (BMPs) of cotton crop in order to reduce the burden on our natural scarce resources. Relevant information was taken from 150 respondents from the district Khanewal, Punjab. The results of this study revealed that the education level and landholding size of respondents have a positive impact on the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. While the farmer’s age and farming experience were found a negative impact on BMPs adoption rate. Similarly, contact of respondents with the staff of farmer’s field schools and the number of visits of farmer’s field school staff were found positively correlated to BMPs adoption rate. The results of the regression analysis revealed the impact of different agriculture inputs and BMPs on cotton yield. The results showed that the age of the farmers, education, fertilizer, irrigations, water scouting, cotton area, farmyard manure, and hybrid seed variety and sowing method had a positive sign while the sign of pesticide coefficient was negative. The gross margins of BMPs adopter and non-adopter were 45,955 PKR and 28,790 PKR per acre respectively. The model also indicated that the production function fits well with the given data set. Therefore, the results of this study conveyed policy messages for the private and public organizations to promote BMPs for the betterment of the farming community.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters of the type traits of Holstein-Friesian primiparous dairy cows

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-544
Author(s):  
Dobrila Jankovic ◽  
Bozidarka Markovic ◽  
Radica Djedovic ◽  
Snezana Trivunovic ◽  
Momcilo Saran
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Estimation Of Variance ◽  
Friesian Cows

The aim of this study was to determine the level and variability of type traits in primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows, as well as to assess the additive genetic variance of type traits and heritability coefficients. The research was conducted on a data set of linearly evaluated primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows, which is ceded by the Main dairy cattle breed organization in the Province of Vojvodina, which is a unit of the Department of Animal Science, at the Faculty of Agriculture in Novi Sad. Data of 24226 primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows, refer to the period 2012-2015, were analysed. The phenotypic variability of the type traits, as well as effects of systemic factors affecting these traits, were analyzed using standard statistical methods in the Statistica software 13.2, and the general linear model (GLM). A Statistically highly significant effect for most of the type traits had the farm size, interaction of the year and the season of evaluation, age at linear evaluation, lactation stage and a genetic group formed by the year and country of bull/sires birth. The total type traits score (final score), which represents an evaluation of the overall primiparous cow exterior, is calculated for the 24226 linearly evaluated primiparous cows. Estimation of variance components and heritability coefficient calculation is done in the software package WOMBAT. Heritability coefficient values for the primiparous cow's type traits in the Province of Vojvodina were low to middle, ranged from 0.08 for the rear legs - side view up to 0.38 for the stature. Due to the fact that the value of the heritability coefficient depends on the variability of the traits and previous selection, lower heritability may be a consequence of the low genetic variability, or, a higher degree of variability which is a consequence of the effect of the systematic factors. Heritability coefficients indicate a genetic variability of the type traits, and its evaluation is important for the breeding value estimation for the type traits.

scholarly journals FAIR VALUE OF NON-CURRENT ASSETS AND THE SECOND LARGEST OWNERSHIP ON AUDIT FEE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Beriliana Hapsari ◽  
R. Nelly Nur Apandi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Audit Fee ◽  
Current Asset ◽  
Asset Quality ◽  
The Relationship

The use of fair value method has positive and negative impact. The positive impact of applying the fair value method is more relevant for the decision maker and shows the economic value according to the circumstances at that time. While its negative impact, can lead to manipulation and uncertainty. It takes greater effort for the auditor to assess fairness of fair non-current asset quality, resulting in increased audit fees. This study aims to determine the effect of fair value of non-current asset on the determination of audit fees and to know the multiple large shareholder moderation in the relationship between fair value of non-current asset and audit fee. Using the OLS regression, this study uses companies listed on the IDX from 2013 to 2015 with the exception of the financial sector. The result of this research indicates that fair value of non-current asset influences audit fee and this research shows that the second largest ownership can weaken the effect of fair value of non-current asset toward  audit fees.

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