scholarly journals Effect of salinomycin or monensin on performance and feeding behavior of cattle fed wheat- or barley-based diets

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Gibb ◽  
S. M. S. Moustafa ◽  
R. D. Wiedmeier ◽  
T. A. McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Limit Feeding

Feeding behavior and growth performance of cattle fed diets containing monensin or salinomycin were assessed in two trials. In trial 1, 36 Hereford × Angus steers (267.7 ± 4.3 kg) were individually fed (n = 12) wheat-based transition and finishing diets containing no ionophore (control, C), 26 mg monensin (M) or 13 mg salinomycin (S) per kg of dietary dry matter (DM). Cattle fed M consumed less than those fed C or S, and their intake was more stable during the transition to the finishing diet. Overall, steers fed M exhibited lower dry matter intake (DMI) (8.0 vs. 9.2 and 9.2 kg d–1) and rates of gain (1.21 vs. 1.62 and 1.56 kg d–1) than those fed C or S. Cattle fed S required fewer days (93.3) to reach the targeted finish (5 mm backfat) than those fed C or M (105.8 d). Monensin reduced slaughter weight and carcass weights, relative to controls (414.3 vs. 480.5 kg, and 231.2 vs. 245.8 kg, respectively). In trial 2, M (25 ppm) or S (13 ppm) were included in barley-based diets for 72 yearling steers placed in four pens equipped with radio frequency identification systems. Individual bunk attendance patterns were monitored during transition to a finishing diet, during 11 d of limit feeding the finishing diet twice daily (LF2/d), 13 d of limit feeding once daily (LF1/d), and 21 d of feeding once daily to ad libitum intake (AL1/d). Ionophore type did not affect (P > 0.10) DMI, rate of gain or efficiency of feed conversion. Bunk visits were more frequent (P < 0.05) with M than with S during transition and limit-feeding. With M, total daily attendance (TDA) at the bunk during LF1/d and AL1/d, was higher (P < 0.05) than with S, and variability in TDA was lower (P < 0.05) during LF1/d. In the present study, there was no performance advantage in providing S or M in wheat-based finishing diets. Monensin moderated feeding intensity, but this effect may have been strong enough to suppress intake and even reduce gain on the wheat-based diet. Key words: Ionophores, feeding behavior, feedlot cattle, salinomycin, monensin

scholarly journals Optimum roughage proportion in barley-based feedlot cattle diets: growth performance, feeding behavior, and carcass traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M Koenig ◽  
Gwinyai E Chibisa ◽  
Gregory B Penner ◽  
Karen A Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Barley Silage

Abstract High grain diets are fed to finishing beef cattle to maximize animal performance in a cost-effective manner. However, a small amount of roughage is incorporated in finishing diets to help prevent ruminal acidosis, although few studies have examined optimum roughage inclusion level in barley-based diets. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of roughage proportion in barley-based finishing diets on growth performance, feeding behavior, and carcass traits of feedlot cattle. Crossbred beef steers (n = 160; mean body weight ± SD, 349.7 ± 21.4 kg) were allocated to 20 pens that were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments (five pens of eight steers per treatment). The treatment diets contained barley silage at 0%, 4%, 8%, and 12% of dietary dry matter (DM). The remainder of the diets (DM basis) consisted of 80%, 76%, 72%, and 68% barley grain, respectively, 15% corn dried distiller’s grains, 5% mineral and vitamin supplement, and 32 mg monensin/kg diet DM. The diets were fed as total mixed rations for ad libitum intake (minimum of 5% refusal) once per day. Cattle were weighed on 2 consecutive days at the start and end of the experiment and on 1 d every 3 wk throughout the experiment (124 d). Two pens for each treatment group were equipped with an electronic feeding system (GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Calgary, Alberta) to monitor feed intake and feeding behavior of individual cattle. The data for dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), gain:feed (G:F) ratio, and carcass traits were analyzed as a completely randomized design with fixed effect of barley silage proportion and pen replicate as experimental unit. Feeding behavior data were analyzed similarly, but with animal as experimental unit. Averaged over the study, DMI increased linearly (11.1, 11.3, 11.7, 11.8 kg/d; P = 0.001) as barley silage proportion increased from 0%, 4%, 8%, and 12% of DM, but ADG was not affected (carcass-adjusted,1.90, 1.85, 1.87, 1.89 kg/d; P ≥ 0.30). Consequently, G:F ratio decreased linearly (carcass-adjusted, 168.9, 163.8, 158.5, 160.6 g/kg DMI; P = 0.023). When averaged over the study, proportion of barley silage in the diet had no linear or quadratic effects (P &gt; 0.10) on meal frequency, duration of meals, intermeal duration, or meal size, but eating rate decreased linearly with increasing silage proportion (P = 0.008). There was no diet effect on liver abscesses (P ≥ 0.92), and effects on carcass characteristics were minor or nonexistent. We conclude that increasing the proportion of barley silage in a feedlot finishing diet at the expense of barley grain to minimize the incidence of ruminal acidosis may decrease feed conversion efficiency.

INFLUENCE OF HIGH-MOISTURE BARLEY ON THE PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF FEEDLOT CATTLE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. KENNELLY ◽  
G. W. MATHISON ◽  
G. de BOER
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Daily Gain

Three factorial experiments were conducted to determine the relative feeding value of dry barley (DB) and high-moisture barley (HMB), and to evaluate the influence of method of ensiling (Pit vs. Harvestore® (HAV) silo), source of roughage (hay vs. silage), and level of concentrate (90 vs. 75%) on the performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. In exp. 1, 252 steers (initial wt 357 kg) were assigned on the basis of weight to six treatments (two pens × 21 animals per pen). A mixed diet consisting of 85.2% barley grain (dry matter (DM) basis) was offered free choice. The barley portion of the ration consisted of either 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100% DB with the balance being HMB from a pit silo. The sixth treatment consisted of feeding 100% HMB for the first 57 d and 100% DB for the remainder of the trial. Overall average daily gain (ADG) for steers fed 100% DB (1.70 kg d−1) was significantly higher than observed for animals fed 100, 75 or 50% HMB (1.46, 1.49 and 1.56 kg d−1, respectively). The kg of feed DM required per kg gain (FC) varied between 5.76 and 7.13 and was not (P > 0.05) influenced by treatment. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed in carcass characteristics. In exp. 2, 360 steers (initial wt 340 kg) were allotted on the basis of weight to six treatments designed to evaluate the effect of source (Pit vs. HAV) and level of HMB, in diets containing 10.2% silage, on animal performance. Overall ADG (1.11 – 1.17 kg d−1), FC (6.66 – 7.01) and carcass characteristics were similar (P > 0.05) for animals fed Pit HMB, HAV HMB and DB. In exp. 3, 264 weanling calves (initial wt 216 kg) were allotted on the basis of weight to six treatments which differed in type of barley (HMB vs. DB), source of roughage (hay vs. silage) and level of concentrate (75 vs. 90%; DM basis). The feeding period was 127 d. Daily gains varied between 0.78 and 0.91 kg d−1 and FC ranged from 6.40 to 7.10 and were not influenced (P > 0.05) by source of barley or source or level of roughage. While animals fed DB had significantly higher ADG than those fed HMB in exp. 1, the overall results from the three experiments indicate that on a DM basis HMB has similar feeding value to DB, and that there is no major difference between Pit and HAV-stored HMB for feedlot cattle. Key words: High moisture, barley, cattle, gain, feed conversion

The effects of zeranol and oestradiol implants on performance and nutrient digestibility of zero-grazed White Fulani cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1081
Author(s):  
O. T. Soyelu ◽  
A. O. Aderibigbe
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Fulani

Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two growth-promoting implants (zeranol and oestradiol-17β) on performance and feed digestibility of finishing White Fulani cattle in the feedlot. This was with a view to determining an alternative means of enhancing cattle performance without grazing the animals. Methods A 60-day feedlot trial was conducted using 27 stocker White Fulani bulls that were allotted randomly to three treatment groups (i.e. non-implanted, oestradiol-implanted and zeranol-implanted) in a completely randomised experimental design. Cattle were offered a compounded feedlot ration consisting of 14% crude protein ad libitum. The bulls were weighed initially and fortnightly thereafter for the duration of the study. Coefficients of dry matter and nutrients digestibility were determined using lignin as an internal marker. Data were analysed using the general linear model procedure of ANOVA and mean values were compared using Fisher’s least significant difference (l.s.d.0.05). Key results The average final liveweight, total weight gain, average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of implanted feedlot cattle were higher (P &lt; 0.05) than for non-implanted cattle; and higher in oestradiol-implanted cattle compared with zeranol-implanted ones. The ADG was 29.16 and 20.48% higher, and the ADFI was 35.06 and 18.18% higher for oestradiol-implanted and zeranol-implanted feedlot cattle, respectively than for non-implanted cattle. Irrespective of the treatment, feed conversion ratio of experimental bulls remained below the range (4.5–7.5) established for feedlot beef cattle; an indication of better efficiency of feed utilisation by White Fulani cattle. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (59.76–64.31%) of the feedlot ration was in the order: non-implanted = oestradiol-implanted &gt; zeranol-implanted while the apparent digestibility of crude protein (73.91–77.99%) was in the order: non-implanted &gt; oestradiol-implanted = zeranol-implanted. Conclusions and implications The results of this study show that the use of an oestradiol implant in finishing zero-grazed White Fulani cattle was beneficial for improving growth performance. Both implanted and non-implanted cattle showed good coefficients of nutrient digestibility, indicating that the mode of action of the growth implants in enhancing performance characteristics does not depend on indices of digestibility.

Effects of fibrolytic enzymes in corn or barley diets on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
L. M. Rode ◽  
V. J. H. Sewalt
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes

A study was conducted to establish whether fibrolytic enzyme feed additives influence performance of feedlot cattle fed high grain diets, and to compare the effects of feeding diets of barley or corn on performance and carcass characteristics. Crossbred beef steers (408 kg) were offered high concentrate diets (95.1%, dry matter basis), consisting mainly of barley and barley silage or corn and corn silage. Concentrates were treated with either no enzyme or one of two enzyme mixtures. Calves were slaughtered after a 103- to 145-d feeding period at an average weight of 570 kg and 10.8 mm of backfat. Barley-fed calves grew faster (1.45 vs. 1.29 kg d−1), ate more dry matter (DM; 9.79 vs. 9.31 kg d−1), and converted DM to gain (6.85 vs. 7.35 kg DM kg−1gain) more efficiently compared with corn-fed calves (P < 0.001). Meat from barley-fed calves tended to be more highly marbled and was brighter in colour than meat from corn-fed calves, but diet had no effect on muscle score, rib eye area, or carcass leanness. Effect of enzymes differed for corn and barley diets; Enzyme 1, a preparation with higher xylanase activity than Enzyme 2, improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio of barley diets by 11% over the finishing period, but enzyme treatments had no such effect for corn diets. Fibrolytic enzymes can be used to improve the digestibility of barley-based diets, but are not advantageous for corn diets. Further work is necessary to determine optimum formulation and level of application of enzyme preparations for use in barley diets. Further study of the differences in carcass characteristics of cattle fed barley or corn diets is warranted to substantiate the trends observed on this limited group of animals. Key words: Feedlot cattle, barley, corn, enzymes, cellulase, xylanase

scholarly journals PSXIV-22 Impact of fibrolytic enzymes on performance, metabolism, and feeding behavior of feedlot cattle fed diets containing different levels and sources of roughage

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 435-436
Author(s):  
Ludmila de Souza Monteiro ◽  
João Vitor Pessoa Fiório ◽  
Jéssica Olivier Da Silva ◽  
Daniel Silva Antonelo ◽  
Nicola Walker
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Metabolism Study

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate finishing performance, carcass characteristics, total tract diet digestibility, ruminal parameters, and feeding behavior of bulls fed high-concentrate feedlot diets containing two sources and two levels of roughage, with or without exogenous fibrolytic enzyme (EFE). For the performance study, 264 Nellore bulls (371 ± 18.7 kg) were distributed in 48 pens by initial body weight in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement. Diets contained (dry matter basis) 0 or 0.75 mL/kg of EFE (ABVista, Marlborough, UK); and 8.5 or 12.5% either sugarcane bagasse (SCB) or grass hay (GH). Dry matter intake was greater for bulls fed 12.5% roughage (P &lt; 0.01) and for treatments fed GH (P = 0.01), but gain:feed was greater with 8.5% roughage (P &lt; 0.01) and tended to be greater for SCB (P = 0.07). Observed net energy concentrations were greater for 8.5% roughage (P &lt; 0.01) and for SCB (P = 0.04). For the metabolism study, 8 ruminally cannulated Nellore steers (396 ± 1.4 kg) were assigned to 2 simultaneous 4 × 4 Latin Squares. Digestibility of crude protein was greater for steers fed 8.5% roughage compared to those fed 12.5% (P = 0.01), and supplementing EFE tended to increase digestibility of acid detergent fiber (P = 0.10). Volatile fatty acid concentration was lower (P = 0.04) and intake time tended to be greater (P = 0.07) with 12.5% dietary roughage compared to 8.5%. Supplementing EFE to feedlot cattle fed diets containing either SCB or GH, and either 8.5 or 12.5% roughage yielded no improvements in animal performance, but led to minor changes in digestibility and ruminal parameters.

0251 Natural dry matter intake fluctuation impacts performance, feeding behavior and rumen morphometrics of feedlot cattle: 10 yr of data assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 119-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Cruz ◽  
I. C. Pereira ◽  
D. D. Millen ◽  
M. D. Arrigoni ◽  
C. L. Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Data Assessment

scholarly journals Consequences of prenatal and preweaning growth for feedlot growth, intake and efficiency of Piedmontese- and Wagyu-sired cattle

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Cafe ◽  
D. W. Hennessy ◽  
H. Hearnshaw ◽  
S. G. Morris ◽  
P. L. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Or Efficiency

Consequences of low (mean 28.0 kg, n = 77) and high (mean 38.4 kg, n = 77) birthweight followed by slow (mean 548 g/day, n = 75) or rapid (mean 859 g/day, n = 79) growth to weaning for feedlot growth, intake and efficiency from 26 to 30 months of age were determined in Wagyu × Hereford (n = 81) and Piedmontese × Hereford (n = 73) cattle. Cattle were selected for study based on birthweight and preweaning growth rate, from multi-modal distributions achieved by imposition of low or high maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation, with the objective of achieving as close as possible to a 30% difference in birthweight and a 2-fold difference in preweaning growth rate between progeny groups. High birthweight cattle entered the intake test 57 kg heavier, grew 100 g/day more rapidly, and ate 1.0 kg dry matter /day more than the low birthweight cattle. The high birthweight cattle tended to have a higher feed conversion ratio than low birthweight cattle, but net feed intake did not differ due to birthweight group. Cattle grown rapidly to weaning entered the intake test 29 kg heavier, grew at an equivalent rate, and ate 0.7 kg dry matter/day more than the cattle grown slowly to weaning. No differences in feed conversion ratio or net feed intake were observed between the preweaning groups. When assessed at the same liveweight, differences in dry matter intake and/or feed conversion ratio due to birthweight or preweaning growth were no longer apparent. Interactions between prenatal and preweaning growth, or between sire genotype and early-life growth, were not evident for feedlot growth, intake or efficiency. It is concluded that severely restricted growth during prenatal life or from birth to weaning results in cattle that are smaller and consume less feed at the same age as their well grown counterparts; however, long-term effects of growth during early life on efficiency of utilisation of feed are not evident.

COMPARISON OF SEVERAL WHEAT CULTIVARS AND A BARLEY CULTIVAR IN DIETS FOR YOUNG PIGS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Pig Performance

Two 10-wk experiments with eight weanling individually-fed pigs per treatment, starting at 5.6 to 7.5 kg liveweight, were conducted to compare No. 1 Canada Western Red Spring milling wheats, Manitou and Neepawa; No. 1 Utility (feed) wheats, Pitic 62, Glenlea, unlicensed white UM607A, unlicensed purple PFW606A; and feed barley BT609. All diets were supplemented with the same level of soybean meal and complete mineral and vitamin mixes. There were no significant differences in feed intake, rate of gain or efficiency of feed conversion among the treatments in either experiment, suggesting that the milling wheats, utility wheats and barley tested in this study have similar feeding value for young pigs. Carcass measurements did not differ between treatments in the first experiment, where pigs were fed to market weight on a standard diet after the 10-wk experimental period. In the first experiment, a diet based on Pitic 62 as the sole cereal had superior digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) coefficients to one based on Manitou, with Glenlea being intermediate. In the second experiment, diets based on Neepawa, Glenlea, white or purple utility wheats did not differ in DE or ME, but the barley-based diet had a lower DE and ME. Differences in dietary DE or ME were not reflected in live pig performance. DE and ME determinations on the cereals using the additive method with an additional four pigs per treatment indicated an average DE and ME (dry-matter basis) for wheat of 3,782 and 3,561 kcal/kg, and for BT609 barley of 3,670 and 3,489 kcal/kg, respectively. In the second experiment, there were significant differences between some of the wheats in DE and ME coefficients.

scholarly journals Use of 3-nitrooxypropanol in a commercial feedlot to decrease enteric methane emissions from cattle fed a corn-based finishing diet

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aklilu W Alemu ◽  
Adam L Shreck ◽  
Calvin W Booker ◽  
Sean M McGinn ◽  
Liana K D Pekrul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Period ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Measured Concentration ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
High Doses

Abstract The study evaluated enteric CH4 production, dry matter (DM) intake (DMI), and rumen fermentation in feedlot cattle supplemented with increasing concentrations of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP). A total of 100 crossbred steers (body weight, 421 ± 11 kg) was randomly assigned to one of 4 treatments (n = 25/treatment): control (no 3-NOP), or low (100 mg/kg DM), medium (125 mg/kg DM), and high (150 mg/kg DM) doses of 3-NOP. The study was comprised of 28 days of adaptation followed by three 28-d periods, with CH4 measured for 7-d per period and cattle remaining on their respective diets throughout the 112-d study. Each treatment group was assigned to a pen, with the cattle and diets rotated among pens weekly to allow the animals to access the GreenFeed emission monitoring (GEM) system stationed in one of the pens for CH4 measurement. Measured concentration (mg/kg DM) of 3-NOP in the total diet consumed (basal diet + GEM pellet) was 85.6 for low, 107.6 for medium, and 124.5 for high doses of 3-NOP. There was a treatment × period interaction (P &lt; 0.001) for DMI; compared to control, the DMI was less for the low and high doses in periods 1, with no differences thereafter. Compared to control (10.78 g/kg DMI), CH4 yield (g/kg DMI) was decreased (P &lt; 0.001) by 52%, 76%, and 63% for low, medium, and high doses of 3-NOP, respectively. A treatment × period effect (P = 0.048) for CH4 yield indicated that the low dose decreased in efficacy from 59% decrease in periods 1 and 2, to 37% decrease in period 3, while efficacy of the medium and high doses remained consistent over time. Irrespective of dose, hydrogen emissions increased by 4.9-fold (P &lt; 0.001) and acetate:propionate ratio in rumen fluid decreased (P = 0.045) with 3-NOP supplementation, confirming that other hydrogen-utilizing pathways become more important in the CH4-inhibited rumen. The study indicates that supplementation of corn-based finishing diets with 3-NOP using a medium dose is an effective CH4 mitigation strategy for commercial beef feedlots with 76% decrease in CH4 yield. Further research is needed to determine the effects of 3-NOP dose on weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle at a commercial scale.

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