Effect of fumaric acid supplementation and dietary buffering capacity on the concentration of microbial metabolites in ileal digesta of young pigs

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Blank ◽  
W. C. Sauer ◽  
R. Mosenthin ◽  
J. Zentek ◽  
S. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Acid Buffering ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
High Buffer Capacity ◽  
Different Levels

Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of different levels of fumaric acid supplementation to diets with a low or high buffer capacity on the concentrations of microbial metabolites and lipopolysaccharides, as an indicator of gram negative bacteria in ileal digesta of young pigs. In two experiments, 12 pigs each were weaned at 14 d of age and fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum between 15 and 17 d of age. In experiment 1, the pigs were fed wheat–soybean meal diets without or with inclusion of 1, 2 or 3% fumaric acid according to a balanced two-period changeover design. In experiment 2, the same diets were fed, except that the dietary buffering capacity was increased by inclusion of 3% sodium bicarbonate to all diets. The pigs were fed three times daily, equal amounts at 8 h intervals. The diets were supplied at a rate of 5% (wt/wt) of body weight. The inclusion of fumaric acid to the diet with a low buffering capacity (exp. 1) decreased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of lactic acid, ammonia, spermidine and lipopolysaccharides in ileal digesta. Supplementation of fumaric acid to a diet with a high buffering capacity (exp. 2) did not affect (P > 0.05) the concentrations of fermentation products in ileal digesta, but there was a decrease (P < 0.05) in the concentration of lipopolysaccharides. Furthermore, in both experiments, the concentration of most fermentation products decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing age after weaning. These results give further evidence that supplementation of fumaric acid to diets for young pigs during the first 3–4 wk after weaning reduces the metabolic activity and the concentrations of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. The magnitude of this effect, however, is dependent on the buffering capacity and the inclusion level of fumaric acid in the diets. Key words: Pigs, fumaric acid, buffering capacity, microbial metabolites, ileal digesta, lipopolysaccharides

scholarly journals Changing Dietary Calcium-Phosphorus Level and Cereal Source Selectively Alters Abundance of Bacteria and Metabolites in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tracts of Weaned Pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (23) ◽  
pp. 7264-7272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara U. Metzler-Zebeli ◽  
Evelyne Mann ◽  
Stephan Schmitz-Esser ◽  
Martin Wagner ◽  
Mathias Ritzmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACTSeveral dietary ingredients may affect the bacterial community structure and metabolism in the porcine gut and may therefore influence animals' health and performance. This study investigated the effects of cereal source and calcium-phosphorus (CaP) level in the diet on bacterial microbiota and metabolites, nutrient intake, and gut environment in weaned pigs. Pigs (n= 8/treatment) were fed wheat-barley- or corn-based diets with an adequate or high CaP level for 14 days. Effects on microbiota in the stomach, ileum, and midcolon were assessed using quantitative PCR. Data showed thatEnterobacteriaceae,Campylobacterspp., andHelicobacterspp., which all contain highly immune reactive lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were abundant at all gut sites. Diet effects on bacteria and metabolites were moderate and occurred mainly in the upper gut, whereas no effects on bacteria, fermentation products, and LPS could be observed in the colon. Differences in carbohydrate intake with corn versus wheat-barley diets selectively stimulatedBifidobacteriumin the stomach and ileum. There was a growth advantage for a few bacterial groups in the stomach and ileum of pigs fed the high versus adequate CaP level (i.e., gastricEnterobacteriaceaeand ilealEnterococcus,Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas, andCampylobacter). Interestingly, gastrointestinal pH was not affected by dietary CaP level. The present findings demonstrate the stability of the bacterial community and gut environment toward dietary changes even in young pigs. The results on stimulation of gastric and ilealBifidobacteriumby corn diets may be employed in nutritional strategies to support gut health after weaning.

scholarly journals Reduction of cat voluntary feed intake in the short-term response to the sugar cane fibre supplementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
J. Rogues ◽  
E. Mehinagic ◽  
D. Lethuillier ◽  
E. Bouvret ◽  
M. Hervera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Weight Management Programs ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Term Response

Obesity is a well-known syndrome of excessive body fat in cats (Felis catus) that affects the health, welfare and lifespan of animals. Consequently, different diet strategies aiming to reduce voluntary feed intake in cats have been studied. One of these consists in reducing energy intake based on reduction of feed intake. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that dietary fibre inclusion in food reduced efficiently voluntary feed intake (VFI) in dogs. However, little clinical data is available regarding the impact of dietary fibre inclusion on cat’s feeding behaviours and VFI. The aim of the current study was to test the performance of sugar cane fibre included at three different levels in extruded feline diets. The main purpose was to measure the impact of fibre inclusion on the cats’ VFI, while maintaining palatability. Four feline diets were formulated with different inclusion levels of sugar cane fibre expressed on an as fed basis (0% sugar cane fibre (control), 3.7% of sugar cane fibre (SF3.7), 5.5% of sugar cane fibre (SF5.5) and 7.3% sugar cane fibre (SF7.3)). The VFI and palatability were evaluated in two different methods: a new method using 79 cats, called ‘consumption kinetics’ based on the dynamic measure of cat’s daily consumptions in ad libitum conditions providing information about cat’s feeding pattern, and the standard palatability two-bowl (versus) test using more than 30 cats. All foods had identical palatability performance, regardless of sugar cane fibre inclusion level, while the VFI of products containing 5.5% and 7.3% sugar cane fibre decreased significantly compared to the control diet. The level of supplementation of sugar cane fibre was efficient to reduce felines VFI without impairing food palatability level, and may be a useful ingredient to add to feline diets to improve the success of the weight management programs.

Acid buffering capacity and potential acidification of cotton soils in northern New South Wales

Soil Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balwant Singh ◽  
I.O.A. Odeh ◽  
A. B. McBratney
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Study Region ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Acid Buffering

Soil acidity has been of major concern in Australia since European settlement. Acidification processes have been accelerated due to agricultural activities such as N fertiliser application and leguminous N-fixation in farm rotations. In this paper, we measured the acid buffering capacity (pHBC) of Vertosols, soils used predominantly for growing cotton in northern New South Wales. The pHBC values were used to calculate decrease in soil pH assuming net acid input due to agricultural practices. We combined the acidification results with geostatistics to spatially simulate the decline in soil pH of surface soils over time. The results indicate that it would take 10–417 years for soil pH to decrease by 1 unit on an assumed acid input of 5�kmol�H+/ha.year. Soil pH will drop by 1 unit within 100 years for 90% of the soils and within 15 years for 10% of the soils. This reflects the variability of the pHBC for the studied soils. In 50 years from present, most of the eastern and north-western parts of the study region may become highly acidic with soil pH declining to 5.5. There may be a potential threat to sustainable agriculture from acidification in the region, although more work needs to be done to corroborate the counter-effects of water fluxes and carbonate dissolution. Sensitivity analysis indicates that even at low levels of acid input, some areas in the study region may experience significant decline in soil pH in the surface layer.

Influence of the acid buffering capacity of different types of Technosols on the chemistry of their leachates

Chemosphere ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.X. Yao ◽  
F. Macías ◽  
A. Santesteban ◽  
S. Virgel ◽  
F. Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Acid Buffering ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals A relationship between the molar proportion of propionic acid and the clearance rate of the liquid phase in the rumen of the sheep

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Hodgson ◽  
P. C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
The Individual

1. Four rumen-cannulated sheep were given a forage mixture (F) of chopped hay–ground, pelleted, dried grass (92:8, w/w) and two concentrate mixtures (C and S) of ground barley–ground hay–flaked maize (46:24:30 and 56:24:20, by wt respectively) in twenty-four hourly meals each day. Each of the diets was offered in successive periods of 16 d to give a feeding sequence F–S–C–S for one pair of sheep and C–S–F–S for the other pair.2. The average composition (mol/100 mol) of the mixture of short-chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic and butyric, in the rumen was respectively 70·1, 18·5 and 7·5 with diet F, and 55·8, 24·8 and 13·6 with diet C. With diet S, the pattern of fermentation varied both between animals and in the same animal for different periods having either ‘high’(28–39 mol/100 mol) or ‘low’(16–21 mol/100 mol) proportions of propionic acid. On average when diet S followed diet F there was less propionic acid in the fermentation mixture than when diet S followed diet C (59·3 acetic, 22·2 propionic and 14·I butyric as compared with 52·7, 29·4 and 13·I respectively) but this trend was not significant and there was evidence of interactions between the feeding sequences and the individual sheep.3. The mean concentrations of ammonia, sodium, potassium and chloride were similar for all diets but the pH and concentrations of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus tended to be higher and the buffering capacity lower for diet F than for diets C or S. In animals receiving diet S there was no relationship between the concentrations of minerals, the pH or buffering capacity and the pattern of fermentation except for ammonia, the concentration of which was high when the molar proportion of propionic acid was low.4. Rumen volume, outflow rate and clearance rate, determined using polyethylene glycol, were higher for diet F than for diets C and S but within each diet, particularly for diet S, values varied considerably between sheep and between periods.5. There was evidence of an interrelationship between the molar proportion of propionic acid in the fermentation products and the clearance rate, which indicated that the clearance rate may be an important factor influencing the pattern of fermentation in the rumen.

Microbial metabolites shape lipid metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (627) ◽  
pp. eabc1552
Author(s):  
Annalisa M. VanHook
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation

Two bacterial fermentation products influence lipid metabolism and secretion in the small intestine.

Parathyroid hormone and extrarenal acid buffering

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (6) ◽  
pp. F533-F538
Author(s):  
J. A. Arruda ◽  
V. Alla ◽  
H. Rubinstein ◽  
M. Cruz-Soto ◽  
S. Sabatini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Acid Buffering ◽  
Acid Load

The role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the extrarenal buffering of an acid load was examined during HCl infusion (5 meq x kg-1 x h-1) to bilaterally nephrectomized rats. Thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats replaced with PTH had significantly higher blood pH and HCO3 values than TPTX rats not infused with PTH. Administration of EDTA, in a dose shown to release PTH, was associated with a significant increase in buffering capacity in intact but not in TPTX rats. Colchicine, given in a dose capable of stimulating PTH release, was also associated with enhanced buffering capacity in intact but not in TPTX rats. In TPTX rats infused with acetazolamide and PTH, the hormone failed to enhance extrarenal buffering of an acid load. Animals with chronic renal failure, induced by infarction of the kidney, also had an enhanced capacity to buffer an acid load. This enhanced buffering capacity in chronic renal failure was abolished by TPTX. Acute renal failure induced by bilateral ureteral ligation was also associated with increased buffering only in the presence of parathyroid glands. These data demonstrated that PTH, from either an exogenous or endogenous source, enhances extrarenal buffering capacity of an acid load. Chronic and acute renal failure are associated with increased buffering capacity, which is dependent on the presence of parathyroid glands. The data suggest that this effect is mediated through carbonic anhydrase.

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