scholarly journals Novelty Seeking as a Phenotypic Marker of Adolescent Substance Use

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s1 ◽  
pp. SART.S22440 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cinnamon Bidwell ◽  
Valerie S. Knopik ◽  
Janet Audrain-Mcgovern ◽  
Tiffany R. Glynn ◽  
Nichea S. Spillane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Family History ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Indirect Pathway ◽  
Phenotypic Marker ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
History Of

Trait novelty seeking has been consistently implicated in substance use, yet the origins and mechanisms of novelty seeking in substance use proneness are unclear. We aimed to characterize novelty seeking as a phenotypic marker of substance use proneness in adolescence, a critical period for drug use experimentation. To this end, we parsed novelty seeking's two constituent subdimensions – exploratory excitability (drive for novel experience) and impulsiveness (careless decision-making) – and explored the individual relations of these dimensions to: (1) the use of a variety of licit and illicit substances, (2) family history of substance use, and (3) subjective drug effects. Five hundred eighty five adolescents (mean age = 14.5 years) completed surveys of key variables. Results indicated that, when accounting for the covariation among exploratory excitability and impulsiveness, impulsiveness emerged as the more salient correlate of substance use and was independently associated with initiation of nearly all drug classes. Mediation analyses of the mechanisms of novelty seeking-related risk illustrated that impulsiveness mediated the association of family history of substance use with both initiation and past 30-day frequency of use. Both impulsiveness and exploratory excitability were associated with increased positive and negative subjective drug effects, and the analyses supported a significant indirect pathway from impulsiveness to a more frequent use via positive subjective effects. Although limited by a cross-sectional design, these findings suggest that impulsiveness-like aspects of the novelty seeking construct may represent a useful phenotypic marker for early substance use proneness that potentially (1) increases initiation risk, (2) has familial origins, and (3) promotes more frequent use by altering subjective drug response.

Prevalence of Substance Use among Youths in Selected Ward of Gadhi Rural Municipality, Sunsari, Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Sharmila Shrestha ◽  
Nirmala Pradhan ◽  
Shyam Lamsal ◽  
Rambha Sigdel
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Municipality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Background: Tobacco and alcohol are the most prevalent substances in Nepal and their use is becoming a serious health problem. We aimed to find out the prevalence of substance use among youths and assess the association with selected demographic variables. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 813 youths residing in Gadhi Rural Municipality, ward number 1. The youths were selected through total enumerative sampling and eligible candidates were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires on substance use. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Nearly 54% of the youths belonged to the age group 16-25 years and 51.2% were females. Tarai Janajati ethnic group represented 64.2%, and 99.8% were Hindu by religion. The prevalence of substance use was 26.4%. The majority of the youths (62.2%) had started the consumption of substances between the age of 13-20 years. Many (36.2%) had been using the substances for 6-10 years. Almost two-thirds (62.2%) had a family history of substance use. Curiosity was the main reason (29.7%) for the youths to consume the substance. Nearly 37% of the youths were found to be alcohol dependent. Age, sex, ethnicity, and income were significantly associated with substance use (p < 0.05). Conclusion: About one in every four youths was involved in substance use. In addition, it was more prevalent in male youths and the majority had started using substances at the age of 13 to 20 years.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Substance Use among Psychotic Patients and Determining Its Strongest Predictor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Bentolhoda Mousavi ◽  
Peter Higgs ◽  
Negar Piri ◽  
Ensieh Sadri ◽  
Matina Pourghasem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Family History ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Objective: Although comorbidity of psychotic disorders and substance use can lead to increase in mortality, less is known about the outbreak and predictors. Psychotic patients tend to be overlooked during assessment; hence, the possibility of an undertreated or missed condition such as increasing substance use. This investigation aimed to measure the prevalence of substance use in psychotic patients and to survey the powerful predictors. Method: In a 1-year cross-sectional study, 311 psychotic patients were assessed using the Structured Interview Based on DSM-5 for diagnostic confirmation as well as questions surveying prevalence and possible predictors of substance use. Results: Prevalence of substance use among psychotic patients was 37.9%. Several variables were identified as factors associated with drug abuse among the psychotic patients. These included male gender, younger age, being currently homeless, a history of imprisonment, and having family history of drug use. The strongest predictors of substance use, however, were family history of drug use, male gender, and being currently homelessness. Conclusion: Policymakers should note the importance of substance use among psychotic patients. Developing active screening strategies and comprehensive preventive plans, especially in the high-risk population, is suggested.

scholarly journals The role of pubertal timing in the link between family history of alcohol use disorder and late adolescent substance use

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 107955
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Weigard ◽  
Jillian E. Hardee ◽  
Robert A. Zucker ◽  
Mary M. Heitzeg ◽  
Adriene M. Beltz
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
History Of

Determinants of substance use among young people attending an urban primary health center in Delhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Mogan ◽  
U Venkatesh ◽  
Richa Kapoor ◽  
Mukesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Family History ◽  
Young People ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Primary Health Center ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Substance Involvement

AbstractIntroductionSubstance abuse remains one of the major challenges in young people, as it is one of the top five causes of disability-adjusted life years (DALY). The present study aims to find the prevalence and determinants of substance use among young people attending an urban primary health center in Delhi.MethodologySystematic random sampling was used to enroll the calculated sample size of 190. Substance use was assessed using ASSIST (an Alcohol Smoking Substance Involvement Screening Tool) and brief intervention was given based on the standard guidelines of ASSIST. The total score among the substance users is calculated and divided into Grades 1, 2 or 3. Log binomial regression was performed to quantify the association between substance use and covariates such as age, sex, education, occupation, family history of substance use, socio-economic status and family type. The association was expressed in odds ratio (OR) with 95 percent confidence interval (CI).ResultThe mean age of study participants was 18.6 ± 4.1, ranges from 10 to 24 years. Out of 48 substance users, 43.7% were consuming only tobacco, 22.9% were consuming only alcohol and 33.3% were polysubstance users. The history of substance use among family members of participants was found to be 46.3%. Median substance involvement score of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis users was 19 (IQR: 14.5–22), 19 (IQR: 13.5–25) and 22.5 (IQR: 22–23), respectively. Among tobacco users, 2.7% were Grade 1 and 7.2% were Grade 2. Four (16%), 20 (80%) and one (4%) of alcohol users were Grades 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Among the cannabis users, four (100%) were in the Grade 2 category. The median age of initiation of substance use among users was 16 (range 13–21) years. The analysis shows substance use was almost 25 times (adjusted OR = 25.84, 95% CI 5.65–118.09) more common among males and it increase by 2.5 times with a decrease in socio-economic status (adjusted OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.27–5.02) and the result is significant. The substance use was almost 7 times higher when there is a family history of substance usage (adjusted OR = 7.40, 95% CI 2.15–25.4). Residential and marital status were not significantly associated with substance use.ConclusionMale sex, lower socio-economic status, participants currently not going to school/college, family history of substance use were found to be significant predictors of substance use among the study participants.

scholarly journals Asthma prevalence and associated factors among lebanese adults: the first national survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeina Akiki ◽  
Danielle Saadeh ◽  
Rita Farah ◽  
Souheil Hallit ◽  
Hala Sacre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Family History ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Asthma ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background No national research has yet explored the prevalence of asthma among adults in Lebanon. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma and current asthma, and their determinants among Lebanese adults 16 years old or above. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out using a multistage cluster sampling. The questionnaire used collected information on asthma, respiratory symptoms, and risk factors. Results The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma was 6.7% (95% CI 5–8.7%), and that of current asthma was 5% (95% CI 3.6–6.9%). Chronic symptoms such as cough, wheezing, and shortness of breath were worst at night. Factors positively associated with physician-diagnosed asthma were a secondary educational level (adjusted OR, aOR = 4.45), a family history of chronic respiratory diseases (aOR = 2.78), lung problems during childhood (15.9), and allergic rhinitis (4.19). Additionally, consuming fruits and vegetables less than once per week (3.36), a family history of chronic respiratory diseases (3.92), lung problems during childhood (9.43), and allergic rhinitis (8.12) were positively associated with current asthma. Conclusions The prevalence of asthma was within the range reported from surrounding countries. However, repeated cross-sectional studies are necessary to evaluate trends in asthma prevalence in the Lebanese population.

scholarly journals Subjective cognitive complaints at age 70: associations with amyloid and mental health

2021 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2020-325620
Author(s):  
Ivanna M. Pavisic ◽  
Kirsty Lu ◽  
Sarah E. Keuss ◽  
Sarah-Naomi James ◽  
Christopher A. Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Amyloid Pathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Anxiety Depression

ObjectiveTo investigate subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in relation to β-amyloid pathology and to test for associations with anxiety, depression, objective cognition and family history of dementia in the Insight 46 study.MethodsCognitively unimpaired ~70-year-old participants, all born in the same week in 1946 (n=460, 49% female, 18% amyloid-positive), underwent assessments including the SCD-Questionnaire (MyCog). MyCog scores were evaluated with respect to 18F-Florbetapir-PET amyloid status (positive/negative). Associations with anxiety, depression, objective cognition (measured by the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite, PACC) and family history of dementia were also investigated. The informant’s perspective on SCD was evaluated in relation to MyCog score.ResultsAnxiety (mean (SD) trait anxiety score: 4.4 (3.9)) was associated with higher MyCog scores, especially in women. MyCog scores were higher in amyloid-positive compared with amyloid-negative individuals (adjusted means (95% CIs): 5.3 (4.4 to 6.1) vs 4.3 (3.9 to 4.7), p=0.044), after accounting for differences in anxiety. PACC (mean (SD) −0.05 (0.68)) and family history of dementia (prevalence: 23.9%) were not independently associated with MyCog scores. The informant’s perception of SCD was generally in accordance with that of the participant.ConclusionsThis cross-sectional study demonstrates that symptoms of SCD are associated with both β-amyloid pathology, and more consistently, trait anxiety in a population-based cohort of older adults, at an age when those who are destined to develop dementia are still likely to be some years away from symptoms. This highlights the necessity of considering anxiety symptoms when assessing Alzheimer’s disease pathology and SCD.

scholarly journals Differential expression of micro RNA-29 family in non-diabetic adults of diabetic and non-diabetic parents

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzair Abbas ◽  
Bushra Imdad ◽  
Sikander Adil Mughal ◽  
Israr Ahmed Baloch ◽  
Afshan Mehboob Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objective MicroRNAs are known to regulate 60% of genes at post translational level. MicroRNAs including Micro RNA-29 family play a vital role in cellular activities and have validate role in numerous metabolic disorders inclusive of diabetes mellitus and its complications. While micro RNA profile changes years before the occurrence of disease. This cross-sectional study was conducted in non-diabetic adults of diabetic and non-diabetic parents to explore the early changes in expression of micro RNA-29 family as it can be served as early biomarker of type 2 diabetes in non-diabetic adults. This study was conducted from January 2019 to January 2021. Micro RNA was extracted from plasma of 50 participants and expression was compared through qPCR. While data was analyzed through SPSS version 21.0. Results 29a and 29b had lower expression in participants with family history of DM compared to those having no family history of DM (P < 0.0001). While micro RNA 29c was found to be significantly higher in participants with positive family history of type 2 diabetes as compared to those without family history of diabetes (P = 0.001).

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Factors among Indonesian Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andra Kurnianto ◽  
Deni Kurniadi Sunjaya ◽  
Fedri Ruluwedrata Rinawan ◽  
Dany Hilmanto
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Family History ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension

Background. Given that hypertension in adulthood has its onset in childhood, it is not surprising that the prevalence of hypertension among adolescents has also increased in recent years. However, there are limited data on the prevalence of hypertension and also the new AAP guideline has not yet been applied to the Indonesian adolescent population. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension using the new AAP guideline and to assess the occurrence of its associated factors among Indonesian adolescents. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at twelve senior high schools in Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia, from June to December 2019. The study included adolescents aged 13 to 18 years old. Anthropometric measurements were obtained. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the risk factors most associated with hypertension among adolescents, and then an equation model was created. The prevalence of hypertension was evaluated, together with several factors such as age group, sex, ethnicity, family history of hypertension, nutritional status, physical activity, perceived stress, sleep duration, nutritional intake, and smoking. Results. In total, 1200 adolescents aged 15.9 ± 0.99 years were evaluated. The prevalence of hypertension and elevated blood pressure among adolescents was 8% and 12.2%, respectively. There were significant associations between sex, family history of hypertension, hypertensive father, nutritional status, physical activity, perceived stress, and hypertension among Indonesian adolescents (p<0.05). Stress was the most powerful risk factor of hypertension with an odds ratio of 5.83 (95% confidence interval 2.91–11.6). Conclusions. Nowadays, the prevalence of hypertension among Indonesian adolescents is quite high. This may be caused by lifestyle or behavior changes among adolescents. Sex, family history of hypertension, nutritional status, physical activity, and perceived stress influenced the 27% hypertension prevalence rate among Indonesian adolescents, particularly in Palembang, South Sumatera. In order to decrease the prevalence of hypertension in adults, concern about lifestyle or behavior changes and hypertension among adolescents should be given.

Multigenerational Timeline and Understanding of Diabetes and Self-Care

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-77
Author(s):  
Melissa Scollan-Koliopoulos ◽  
Elizabeth A. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Practice Theory ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Dietary Adherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Time Line ◽  
Unique Variance ◽  
Significant Variance ◽  
History Of

Testing the practice–theory multigenerational legacies of diabetes, effects of a family member’s perceptions of the time line and understanding of diabetes on participants’ perceptions of their own diabetes and effect of their own perceptions on self-care were examined. Using a cross-sectional descriptive design, 123 participants completed study instruments by mail. Memories of a family member’s perception of the time line (r = .25, p = .01 ) and understanding of diabetes (r = .32, p = .01) were related; participants’ own perceptions of time line (β = –.24) and understanding (β = .10) accounted for significant variance in dietary adherence, with time line contributing unique variance (R2 = .06, F = 3.3, p = .04). The perceptions were not associated with other self-care behaviors. Findings illuminate effects of time line and understanding of diabetes in patients with family history of diabetes.

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