The Harmonic Neutron Hypothesis: Derivation of Planck Time and the Newtonian Constant of Gravity from the Subatomic Properties of a Neutron and Hydrogen

2011 ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Chakeres ◽  
Donald Chakeres
Keyword(s):  
Planck Time ◽  
Newtonian Constant

scholarly journals BIANCHI I SOLUTIONS OF EFFECTIVE QUADRATIC GRAVITY

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250037 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL MÜLLER ◽  
JULIANO A. DE DEUS
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
General Relativity Theory ◽  
Spatial Metrics ◽  
Effective Gravity ◽  
Bianchi I ◽  
Quadratic Theory ◽  
Quadratic Gravity ◽  
Planck Time

It is believed that soon after the Planck time, Einstein's general relativity theory should be corrected to an effective quadratic theory. Numerical solutions for the anisotropic generalization of the Friedmann "flat" model E3 for this effective gravity are given. It must be emphasized that although numeric, these solutions are exact in the sense that they depend only on the precision of the machine. The solutions are identified asymptotically in a certain sense. It is found solutions which asymptote de Sitter space, Minkowski space and a singularity. This work is a generalization for nondiagonal spatial metrics of a previous result obtained by one of us and a collaborator for Bianchi I spaces.

scholarly journals ON WEAK INTERACTIONS AS SHORT-DISTANCE MANIFESTATIONS OF GRAVITY

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (07) ◽  
pp. 1350022 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERTO ONOFRIO
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Fundamental Symmetries ◽  
Spacetime Geometry ◽  
Newtonian Constant

We conjecture that weak interactions are peculiar manifestations of quantum gravity at the Fermi scale, and that the Fermi constant is related to the Newtonian constant of gravitation. In this framework one may understand the violations of fundamental symmetries by the weak interactions, in particular parity violations, as due to fluctuations of the spacetime geometry at a Planck scale coinciding with the Fermi scale. As a consequence, gravitational phenomena should play a more important role in the microworld, and experimental settings are suggested to test this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Nature does not play Dice at the Planck scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 2043012
Author(s):  
Tejinder P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Coarse Graining ◽  
Lagrangian Dynamics ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Spacetime Geometry ◽  
The Status ◽  
Planck Time ◽  
Matter Fields

We start from classical general relativity coupled to matter fields. Each configuration variable and its conjugate momentum, as also spacetime points are raised to the status of matrices [equivalently operators]. These matrices obey a deterministic Lagrangian dynamics at the Planck scale. By coarse-graining this matrix dynamics over time intervals much larger than Planck time, one derives quantum theory as a low energy emergent approximation. If a sufficiently large number of degrees of freedom get entangled, spontaneous localisation takes place, leading to the emergence of classical spacetime geometry and a classical universe. In our theory, dark energy is shown to be a large-scale quantum gravitational phenomenon. Quantum indeterminism is not fundamental, but results from our not probing physics at the Planck scale.

scholarly journals Shades of dark uncertainty and consensus value for the Newtonian constant of gravitation

Metrologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 054001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Merkatas ◽  
Blaza Toman ◽  
Antonio Possolo ◽  
Stephan Schlamminger
Keyword(s):  
Consensus Value ◽  
Newtonian Constant

scholarly journals Simultaneous X-ray Video-Fluoroscopy and Pulsed Ultrasound Velocimetry Analyses of the Pharyngeal Phase of Swallowing of Boluses with Different Rheological Properties

Dysphagia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 898-906
Author(s):  
Waqas M. Qazi ◽  
Olle Ekberg ◽  
Johan Wiklund ◽  
Rashid Mansoor ◽  
Mats Stading
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Shear Thinning ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Constant Shear ◽  
Newtonian Constant ◽  
Video Fluoroscopy

AbstractThe Ultrasound Velocity Profiling (UVP) technique allows real-time, non-invasive flow mapping of a fluid along a 1D-measuring line. This study explores the possibility of using the UVP technique and X-ray video-fluoroscopy (XVF) to elucidate the deglutition process with the focus on bolus rheology. By positioning the UVP probe so that the pulsed ultrasonic beam passes behind the air-filled trachea, the bolus flow in the pharynx can be measured. Healthy subjects in a clinical study swallowed fluids with different rheological properties: Newtonian (constant shear viscosity and non-elastic); Boger (constant shear viscosity and elastic); and shear thinning (shear rate-dependent shear viscosity and elastic). The results from both the UVP and XVF reveal higher velocities for the shear thinning fluid, followed by the Boger and the Newtonian fluids, demonstrating that the UVP method has equivalent sensitivities for detecting the velocities of fluids with different rheological properties. The velocity of the contraction wave that clears the pharynx was measured in the UVP and found to be independent of bolus rheology. The results show that UVP not only assesses accurately the fluid velocity in a bolus flow, but it can also monitor the structural changes that take place in response to a bolus flow, with the added advantage of being a completely non-invasive technique that does not require the introduction of contrast media.

scholarly journals The Nature of Time

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney Baldwin Self
Keyword(s):  
Time Dilation ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Uniform Motion ◽  
Physical Event ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
Physical Time ◽  
Multiple Observations ◽  
Planck Time ◽  
Nature Of Time

I.    Special relativity does not address the fact that time must exist on lifeless worlds. It only addresses time that is observed, which requires that observers be present.II.    The time that exists on lifeless worlds can be termed physical time.III.    The failure to recognize the existence of physical time has resulted in a view of time that is contrived, overly simplistic and contains irrational conclusions which are not experimentally supported.IV.    On worlds where conscious life exists, both physical time and observed time exist. The characteristics of physical time and of observed time are very different.V.    Physical time has the following attributes:a.    Each physical event is associated with physical time.b.    The attributes of absolute time, ‘now’ and time dilation are associated with every physical event.c.    All physical events occur during ‘now’. d.    A physical event results in a change to physical reality.e.    The frame of reference associated with a physical event is universal.f.    In order to be observed, a physical event must have an associated observed event.VI.    Observed time has the following attributes.a.    Every observed event is associated with observed time.b.    An observed event can only occur as the result of a physical event.c.    Multiple observations can be associated with a single physical event.d.    The attribute of ‘now’ and a frame of reference are associated with every observed event.VII.    The duration of physical ‘now’ is a Planck time which is also the unit of measure for absolute time and time dilation.VIII.    Time dilation is computed using the Lorentz transformation.IX.    The statement regarding time dilation “When two observers are in relative uniform motion and uninfluenced by any gravitational mass, the point of view of each will be that the other's (moving) clock is ticking at a slower rate than the local clock” is mathematically, experimentally and logically wrong.X.    During physical ‘now’ a particle may move through space or it may move through time; which it does is a probability based on the speed of the particle expressed as a percentage of the speed of light.

HOW DID THE UNIVERSE BEGIN?

1998 ◽  
Vol 07 (05) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. POLLOCK
Keyword(s):  
Time Interval ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Superstring Theory ◽  
Higher Derivative ◽  
Planck Time ◽  
Contracting Phase ◽  
Three Space ◽  
Previous Phase ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Radius Function

The question of the initial configuration of the Universe — did the expanding Friedmann space-time ds2 = dt2 - a2(t)dx2 tend to a singularity when extrapolated back in time, or was there a turning point, indicating a previous phase of contraction? — is re-examined in the context of the heterotic superstring theory of Gross et al. If the adiabatic index tends to the value γ = 1, then the higher-derivative terms ℛ2 in the Lagrangian L dominate the Einstein–Hilbert term R/16πG in the time interval t p ≲ t ≲ 4t p , during which the action is S ≈ 25ℏ, guaranteeing the approximate validity of the classical field equations (if the compactification process is ignored), where [Formula: see text] is the Newton gravitational constant and t p is the Planck time. Under these conditions, Ruzmaĭkina and Ruzmaĭkina have shown, for a flat three-space with K = 0, that the initial singularity can only be avoided at all if there is a spin-zero tachyon, a conclusion modified by Barrow and Ottewill if K = ±1. We have previously shown, however, that the theory is tachyon-free, and have argued that K has to vanish for the existence of a well-defined, quantum-mechanical ground state. Also, if there is no inflation, the radius function is always much too large for the terms in K to exert any effect, a(t) ≳ 5 × 1029t p . While if γ = 2, then ℛ2 never dominates R/16πG. Accordingly, we conjecture that the Universe did not bounce, irrespective of the value of γ, the absence of a prior contracting phase thus being an aspect of causality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document