scholarly journals The effects of Fetal Surgery on Retinopathy of Prematurity Development

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. OED.S2746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudha Nallasamy ◽  
Stefanie L. Davidson ◽  
Lori J. Howell ◽  
Holly Hedrick ◽  
Alan W. Flake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Fetal Surgery ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Sacrococcygeal Teratoma ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
Mediastinal Teratoma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fetal Malformations

Background Fetal surgery is selectively offered for severe or life-threatening fetal malformations. These infants are often born prematurely and are thus at risk for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). It is not known whether fetal surgery confers an increased risk of developing severe ROP relative to published rates in standard premature populations ≤37 weeks of age grouped by birth weight (<1500 grams or ≥1500 grams). Design This is a retrospective chart review. Methods We reviewed the charts of 137 patients who underwent open fetal/fetoscopic surgery from 1996–2004. Surgical indications included twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), myelomeningocele (MMC), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT), cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung (CCAM), and twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence (TRAP). Of these, 17 patients had local ROP examination data. Binomial tests were performed to assess whether rates of ROP in our fetal/fetoscopic surgery cohort were significantly different from published rates. Results There were 5 patients each with an underlying diagnosis of TTTS and MMC, 2 patients each with CDH and TRAP, and 1 patient each with SCT, CCAM, and mediastinal teratoma. The mean gestational age at surgery was 23 4 /7 ± 2 3 /7 weeks, mean gestational age at birth was 30 ± 2 5 /7 weeks, and mean birth weight was 1449 ± 510 grams (610–2485). Compared to published rates of ROP and threshold ROP, our fetal surgery patients had significantly higher rates of ROP and threshold ROP in both the <1500 grams and the ≥1500 grams group (all p-values <0.05). Conclusions Fetal/fetoscopic surgery appears to significantly increase the rate of ROP and threshold ROP development. Greater numbers are needed to confirm these observations.

scholarly journals High-Dose Erythropoietin in Extremely Low Gestational Age Neonates Does Not Alter Risk of Retinopathy of Prematurity

Neonatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dennis E. Mayock ◽  
Zimeng Xie ◽  
Bryan A. Comstock ◽  
Patrick J. Heagerty ◽  
Sandra E. Juul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Heart Murmur ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Age At Birth

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The Preterm Erythropoietin (Epo) Neuroprotection (PENUT) Trial sought to determine the safety and efficacy of early high-dose Epo as a potential neuroprotective treatment. We hypothesized that Epo would not increase the incidence or severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 941 infants born between 24–0/7 and 27–6/7 weeks’ gestation were randomized to 1,000 U/kg Epo or placebo intravenously for 6 doses, followed by subcutaneous or sham injections of 400 U/kg Epo 3 times a week through 32 weeks post-menstrual age. In this secondary analysis of PENUT trial data, survivors were evaluated for ROP. A modified intention-to-treat approach was used to compare treatment groups. In addition, risk factors for ROP were evaluated using regression methods that account for multiples and allow for adjustment for treatment and gestational age at birth. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 845 subjects who underwent ROP examination, 503 were diagnosed with ROP with similar incidence and severity between treatment groups. Gestational age at birth, birth weight, prenatal magnesium sulfate, maternal antibiotic exposure, and presence of heart murmur at 2 weeks predicted the development of any ROP, while being on high-frequency oscillator or high-frequency jet ventilation (HFOV/HFJV) at 2 weeks predicted severe ROP. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Early high-dose Epo followed by maintenance dosing through 32 weeks does not increase the risk of any or severe ROP in extremely low gestational age neonates. Gestational age, birth weight, maternal treatment with magnesium sulfate, antibiotic use during pregnancy, and presence of a heart murmur at 2 weeks were associated with increased risk of any ROP. Treatment with HFOV/HFJV was associated with an increased risk of severe ROP.

Increased Survival of Low Birth Weight Infants: Impact on the Incidence of Retinopathy of Prematurity

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-445
Author(s):  
Priscilla H. Valentine ◽  
J. Craig Jackson ◽  
Robert E. Kalina ◽  
David E. Woodrum
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Proliferative Retinopathy ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Retinal Vascular Disease ◽  
The University

Retinopathy of prematurity is a retinal vascular disease that occurs only in premature infants. Because of concern that the occurrence of this potentially blinding disease is increasing, a retrospective chart review was undertaken to compare the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity at the University of Washington during the years 1981 to 1984 with previously published data collected at the same institution during the years 1968 to 1980. During 1981 to 1984, there was an increase in the annual numbers of admissions and survivors weighing 1750 g at birth; the survival rate increased significantly (P &lt; .000001). A trend toward an increased risk for proliferative retinopathy of prematurity (P = .057) during 1981 to 1984 period was noted, but the number of "excess cases" was calculated to be only 6 per year. The remainder of the additional cases, 19 annually, were due to increased survival of infants at risk. Thus, the "second epidemic" of retinopathy of prematurity is largely due to improved survival of low birth weight infants rather than to new iatrogenic factors. In infants with proliferative retinopathy of prematurity, there was a previously unreported association between increased severity of disease and lower birth weight (P = .015). There were four children with severe bilateral visual loss due to retinopathy of prematurity identified during the 1981 to 1984 period, whereas only one bilaterally blind infant was noted during the preceding 12.7 years.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zarei ◽  
Fatemeh Bazvand ◽  
Nazanin Ebrahimiadib ◽  
Ramak Roohipoor ◽  
Reza Karkhaneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
History Of

Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among Iranian infants. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on infants who had undergone screening for ROP at Farabi Eye Hospital, between March 2016 and March 2017. Data were analyzed based on the presence of extreme prematurity (gestational age ≤ 28 weeks), extremely low-birth-weight (≤ 1000 g), and multiplegestation (MG) infants. Results: The prevalence of ROP was 27.28% (n = 543) among all screened infants, 74.4% for extremely preterm (EP) infants, 77.5% for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) babies, and 27.25% for infants from MG pregnancies. On multivariate analysis, gestational age, birth weight, and history of transfusion (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P = 0.04, respectively) were found to be significantly associated with ROP. More advanced stages of ROP (P < 0.0001) were observed in EP and ELBW infants. Birth weight (P = 0.088), history of transfusion (P = 0.066), and intubation (P = 0.053) were not associated with increased risk of ROP in EP infants, while gestational age (P = 0.037) and history of transfusion (P = 0.040) were significant risk factors for ROP in ELBW infants. Gestational age (P < 0.001) and birth weight (P = 0.001) were significantly associated with ROP in infants from MG pregnancies in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: ROP remains a commonly encountered disease, especially in ELBW and EP infants. The history of transfusion may have a role in stratifying the risk for ROP and guiding future screening guidelines.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Ardebil (North West of Iran): Prevalence and Risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1557-1563
Author(s):  
H. Ojaghi ◽  
Y. Fekri ◽  
N. Momeni ◽  
F. Amani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Parental Consanguinity ◽  
Blood Exchange ◽  
Increased Risk

Background and objective: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which affects the retina of premature infants, is a leading cause of blindness in premature infants worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity infants referred to Alavi hospital between October 2018 and October 2019. Methods: In the present study, 400 infants with gestational age less than 34 weeks and or birth weight of 2000 g or less were enrolled in the study. Required information including sex, gestational age, maternal age, birth weight, type of delivery, oxygen therapy, septicemia, multiple gestations, family marriage, respiratory problem, and blood exchange were extracted from their hospital records and then included in the data collection form. These infants were also examined for ROP, stage and area of involvement by an experienced ophthalmologist and then classified into two groups including retinopathy and healthy group. Finally, the data were analyzed in SPSS 25 software using chi-square, fisher exact test, t-test, binary logistic regression, and ROC curve analysis. Results: Of the 400 preterm infants studied (57.2% male and 42.8% female), 107 (26.8%) infants had ROP of whom 23 (21.5%) needed treatment (i.e. 5.8% of all infants need treatment). There were 4 (3.7%), 29 (27.1%), and 74 (69.2%) infants with zone I, II, and III, respectively. There were 91 (85%), 11 (10.3%), and 5 (4.7%) infants with stage I, II, and III, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that parental consanguinity (OR=2.263, 95%CI: 1.240-4.130, P=0.008), gestational age less than 32.5 weeks (OR=4.067, 95%CI: 2.340- 7.069, P<0.001), and birth weight less than 1725 g (OR=4.522, 95%CI: 2.677-7.637, P<0.001) were associated with a 2.3-fold, 4.1-fold, and 4.5-fold increased risk of ROP, respectively. ROP had no significant relationship with other variables. Conclusion: In summary, the findings of the present study showed that one quarter of the premature infants had ROP. Furthermore, birth weight less than 1725 g, gestational age less than 32.5 weeks, and parental consanguinity were risk factors for ROP, in addition, one-fifth of the infants with ROP needed treatment. Key Words: Retinopathy, Prematurity, ROP, Newborn.

scholarly journals Retinopathy of prematurity in Ardabil, North West of Iran: Prevalence and risk factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Fekri ◽  
Habib Ojaghi ◽  
Neda Momeni ◽  
Firouz Amani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Parental Consanguinity ◽  
Blood Exchange ◽  
Increased Risk

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which affects the retina of premature infants, is a leading cause of blindness in premature infants worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity infants referred to Alavi hospital between October 2018 and October 2019. In the present study, 400 infants with gestational age less than 34 weeks and or birth weight of 2000 g or less were enrolled in the study. Required information including sex, gestational age, maternal age, birth weight, type of delivery, oxygen therapy, septicemia, multiple gestations, consanguineous marriage, respiratory problem, and blood exchange were extracted from their hospital records and then included in the data collection form. These infants were also examined for ROP, stage and area of involvement by an experienced ophthalmologist and then classified into two groups including retinopathy and healthy group. Finally, the data were analyzed in SPSS 25 software using chi-square, fisher exact test, t-test, binary logistic regression, and ROC curve analysis. Of the 400 preterm infants studied (57.2% male and 42.8% female), 107 (26.8%) infants had ROP of whom 23 (21.5%) needed treatment (i.e. 5.8% of all infants need treatment). There were 4 (3.7%), 29 (27.1%), and 74 (69.2%) infants with zone I, II, and III, respectively. There were 91 (85%), 11 (10.3%), and 5 (4.7%) infants with stage I, II, and III, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that parental consanguinity (OR=2.263, 95%CI: 1.240-4.130, P=0.008), gestational age less than 32.5 weeks (OR=4.067, 95%CI: 2.340-7.069, P<0.001), and birth weight less than 1725 g (OR=4.522, 95%CI: 2.677-7.637, P<0.001) were associated with a 2.3-fold, 4.1-fold, and 4.5-fold increased risk of ROP, respectively. ROP had no significant relationship with other variables. In summary, the findings of the present study showed that one quarter of the premature infants had ROP. Furthermore, birth weight less than 1725 g, gestational age less than 32.5 weeks, and parental consanguinity were risk factors for ROP, in addition, one-fifth of the infants with ROP needed treatment.

scholarly journals Perinatal Outcomes of Small for Gestational Age in Twin Pregnancies: Twin vs. Singleton Charts

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Veronica Giorgione ◽  
Corey Briffa ◽  
Carolina Di Fabrizio ◽  
Rohan Bhate ◽  
Asma Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

Twin pregnancies are commonly assessed using singleton growth and birth weight reference charts. This practice has led to a significant number of twins labelled as small for gestational age (SGA), causing unnecessary interventions and increased risk of iatrogenic preterm birth. However, the use of twin-specific charts remains controversial. This study aims to assess whether twin-specific estimated fetal weight (EFW) and birth weight (BW) charts are more predictive of adverse outcomes compared to singleton charts. Centiles of EFW and BW were calculated using previously published singleton and twin charts. Categorical data were compared using Chi-square or McNemar tests. The study included 1740 twin pregnancies, with the following perinatal adverse outcomes recorded: perinatal death, preterm birth <34 weeks, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and admissions to the neonatal unit (NNU). Twin-specific charts identified prenatally and postnatally a smaller proportion of infants as SGA compared to singleton charts. However, twin charts showed a higher percentage of adverse neonatal outcomes in SGA infants than singleton charts. For example, perinatal death (SGA 7.2% vs. appropriate for gestational age (AGA) 2%, p < 0.0001), preterm birth <34 weeks (SGA 42.1% vs. AGA 16.4%, p < 0.0001), HDP (SGA 21.2% vs. AGA 13.5%, p = 0.015) and NNU admissions (SGA 69% vs. AGA 24%, p < 0.0001), when compared to singleton charts (perinatal death: SGA 2% vs. AGA 1%, p = 0.029), preterm birth <34 weeks: (SGA 20.6% vs. AGA 17.4%, p = 0.020), NNU admission: (SGA 34.5% vs. AGA 23.9%, p < 0.000). There was no significant association between HDP and SGA using the singleton charts (p = 0.696). In SGA infants, according to the twin charts, the incidence of abnormal umbilical artery Doppler was significantly more common than in SGA using the singleton chart (27.0% vs. 8.1%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, singleton charts misclassify a large number of twins as at risk of fetal growth restriction. The evidence suggests that the following twin-specific charts could reduce unnecessary medical interventions prenatally and postnatally.

Utility of routine urine CMV PCR and total serum IgM testing of small for gestational age infants: a single center review

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Espiritu ◽  
Sean Bailey ◽  
Elena V. Wachtel ◽  
Pradeep V. Mally
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Hospital Charges ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Growth Chart ◽  
Torch Infections

AbstractBackground:Due to the extremely low incidence of TORCH (toxoplasmosis, rubella, CMV, herpes simplex virus) infections, diagnostic testing of all small for gestational age (SGA) infants aimed at TORCH etiologies may incur unnecessary tests and cost.Objective:To determine the frequency of urine CMV PCR and total IgM testing among infants with birth weight <10% and the rate of test positivity. To evaluate the frequency of alternative etiologies of SGA in tested infants.Methods:Retrospective chart review of SGA infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at NYU Langone Medical Center between 2007 and 2012. Subjects were classified as being SGA with or without intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The IUGR subjects were then further categorized as having either symmetric or asymmetric IUGR utilizing the Fenton growth chart at birth. Initial testing for TORCH infections, which included serum total IgM, CMV PCR and head ultrasound, were reviewed and analyzed.Results:Three hundred and eighty-six (13%) infants from a total of 2953 NICU admissions had a birth weight ≤10thpercentile. Of these, 44% were IUGR; 34% being symmetric IUGR and 10% asymmetric. A total of 32% of SGA infants had urine CMV PCR and total IgM tested with no positive results. As expected, significantly higher percentage of symmetric IUGR infants were tested compared to asymmetric IUGR and non-IUGR SGA infants, (64% vs. 47% vs. 19%) P≤0.01. However, 63% of infants with a known cause for IUGR had same testing done aimed at TORCH infections. We calculated additional charges of $64,065 that were incurred by such testing.Conclusions:The majority of infants in our study who received testing for urine CMV PCR and total IgM aimed at TORCH infections had one or more other known non-infectious etiologies for IUGR. Because the overall yield of such testing is extremely low, we suggest tests for possible TORCH infections may be limited to symmetric IUGR infants without other known etiologies. Improved guidelines testing for TORCH infections can result in reducing hospital charges and unnecessary studies.

scholarly journals A study of risk factors and their correlation with severity of retinopathy of prematurity: a prospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1984
Author(s):  
Bhuvaneshwari C. Yelameli ◽  
Ramesh V. Neelannavar ◽  
Kiruthika Das
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Recent advances in neonatal care in the last decade and improved survival rates have resulted in an apparent increase in the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which is the most important cause of preventable blindness in infants. This study was done to identify the risk factors which predispose to ROP and to assess its correlation with severity of ROP.Methods: A total of 140 neonates with gestational age ≤34 weeks, birth weight ≤2000 grams who were admitted at NICU, S. N. Medical College and HSK Hospital, Bagalkot from December 2018 to May 2019 were considered. Babies were assessed and recorded for the risk factors of ROP in a predesigned proforma. ROP screening was performed using wide-field digital imaging on a retcam shuttle (Clarity MSI, USA).Results: A total of 140 babies were examined, and an overall incidence of ROP was 52 (37.1%). 17 (32.7%) had stage 3, 3 (5.8%) had stage 4, and 1 (1.9%) had stage 5. Among the 52 babies with ROP, 19 (51.3%) underwent laser photoablation. Risk factors like gestational age, birth weight, maternal risk factors, apnea, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), hypoglycaemia, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), sepsis, coronary heart disease (CHD), blood transfusion and oxygen requirement duration were significantly associated with ROP. Delay in the establishment of feeds has been associated with ROP (p<0.001).Conclusions: Screening should be intensified in the presence of risk factors which can reduce the incidence of severe stages of ROP as highlighted by this study.

scholarly journals Retinopathy of Prematurity in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (169) ◽  
Author(s):  
Srijana Adhikari ◽  
B P Badhu ◽  
N K Bhatta ◽  
R S Rajbhandari ◽  
B K Kalakheti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Screening Criteria

World Health Organization’s Vision 2020 program has recognized Retinopathy of Prematurity(ROP) as an important cause of childhood blindness in industrialized and developing countries. Inthe last few years, it has been identifi ed in many under developed countries as well, as a result ofimproved neonatal intensive care. In Nepal, ROP screening is carried out in a few tertiary hospitalsbut there is no published data on this disease. The purpose of this study was to fi nd out the incidence,severity and risk factors of ROP among infants screened in a tertiary care hospital in the EasternRegion of Nepal.A prospective cohort study was carried out in neonates with gestational age of 34 weeks or less and,or birth weight of 1700 gm or less born over the period of one year. Dilated fundus examination ofall babies was done by indirect ophthalmoscopy between 2-4 weeks after birth and followed up tillthe retinal vascularization was complete. Classifi cation of ROP was done according to internationalclassifi cation (ICROP). Maternal and neonatal risk factors were also noted.A total of 55 babies fulfi lled the screening criteria. ROP was present in 25.45% (n=14) of the babies.Threshold disease was noted in 5.45% (n=3) of the babies screened. Low birth weight (p<0.01)and low gestational age (p<0.01) was signifi cantly associated with the incidence of ROP. Oxygensupplementation (p=<0.01) was an independent risk factor.ROP screening should be performed in all preterm low birth weight infants where there is availabilityof good neonatal intensive care units. The examination should be intensifi ed in those having riskfactors like oxygen. Further studies in the other tertiary care hospitals in Nepal would help toestablish the screening criteria for Nepalese infants.Key words: Retinopathy of prematurity, Eastern Nepal, screening

Abstract P179: Neonatal Outcomes in Normal and Preeclamptic Pregnancies: A retrospective Comparative Study

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niraj Vora ◽  
Ram R Kalagiri ◽  
Venkata N Raju ◽  
Nathan Drever ◽  
Madhava R Beeram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Retrospective Comparative Study

Background: Preeclampsia (PreE), a de novo development of Hypertension in consort with proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in mother and the offspring. It affects approximately 3-8% of overall pregnancies. Although, specific etiologies remain unknown, it has been supported by various studies that PreE is not just a single disorder, but a syndrome of pertinent multiple pathophysiological factors. Methods: An IRB approved retrospective chart review over a year (January 2014 to December 2014) was conducted of all pregnancies occurred at Baylor Scott and White Health System, Temple, Texas (N = 3704). We divided all pregnancies into two separate groups: PreE (N = 299) vs. Non PreE (N = 3405). We compared the neonatal outcomes between two groups including their offspring’s gestational age, birth weight, admission rate to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), occurrence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), hypoglycemia, thrombocytopenia, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and length of hospital stay (LOS). Results: We found amongst these two groups, infants born to PreE mothers have significantly lower birthweight (Mean = 2807 grams, SD = 841 grams) compared to Non PreE mothers (Mean = 3383 grams, SD = 619 grams) (P<0.05), significantly lower GA (Mean = 36.7 weeks, SD = 3.25 weeks) compared to Non PreE group (Mean = 38.7 weeks, SD = 2.1 weeks) (P<0.05), significantly higher rate of BPD (11%) compared to Non PreE group (6.9%)(P<0.05), significantly higher occurrence of hypoglycemia (26%) compared to non PreE group (20%) (P<0.05), significantly higher rate of thrombocytopenia (28%) compared to Non PreE group (17%) (P<0.05) and significantly higher length of hospital stay (Mean = 19 days, SD = 20 days) compared to Non PreE group (Mean = 14 days, SD = 20 days) (P<0.05). Conclusion: We can conclude from this retrospective analysis that infants born to PreE mothers have lower birth weight indicating the intrauterine growth restriction and the lower gestational age indicating preterm birth. Moreover, the data indicate the higher rate of BPD, hypoglycemia, thrombocytopenia and requirement of increased length of hospital stay in infants born to PreE mothers compared to Non PreE mothers.

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