scholarly journals Effect of Vitamin E Administration on Learning of the Young Male Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. JEN.S29843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazan Dolu ◽  
Azizuddin Khan ◽  
Şule Dokutan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Young Rats

The effect of vitamin E intake on spatial learning and working memory performances of young rats has been investigated in the Morris water maze and locomotor activity has been assessed by an open-field test. A total of 45 young male Wistar albino rats aged two months were divided into three equal groups: control, olive oil, and vitamin E groups. These groups were treated for 30 days with a once daily intraperitoneal injection. The rats were then tested for their ability to find the location of the platform (spatial learning). The results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the time spent to find the platform and the time spent in half area of the tank, including the platform among the group, while the time spent to find the platform was found to have increased from the first day to the fourth day in all the groups. In the open-field test, the locomotor activity quite significantly increased in the peripheral area in the olive oil group. The supplementation with vitamin E for a short period had not improved the learning performance of the healthy young rats. It was concluded that the beneficial effect of vitamin E intake on learning is related to the beginning time and the duration of vitamin E intake.

scholarly journals Dorsal Hippocampus ERK2 Signaling Mediates Anxiolytic-Related Behavior in Male Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 247054701989703
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Sierra-Fonseca ◽  
Lyonna F. Parise ◽  
Francisco J. Flores-Ramirez ◽  
Eden H. Robles ◽  
Israel Garcia-Carachure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Dorsal Hippocampus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Plus Maze

Background Anxiety disorders are the most common neuropathologies worldwide, but the precise neuronal mechanisms that underlie these disorders remain unknown. The hippocampus plays a role in mediating anxiety-related responses, which can be modeled in rodents using behavioral assays, such as the elevated plus maze. Yet, the molecular markers that underlie affect-related behavior on the elevated plus maze are not well understood. Methods We used herpes simplex virus vector delivery to overexpress extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2, a signaling molecule known to be involved in depression and anxiety, within the dorsal hippocampus of adult Sprague-Dawley male rats. Three days post virus delivery, we assessed anxiety-like responses on the elevated plus maze or general locomotor activity on the open field test. Results When compared to controls, rats overexpressing extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 in the dorsal hippocampus displayed an anxiolytic-like phenotype, per increases in time spent in the open arms, and less time in the closed arms, of the elevated plus maze. Furthermore, no changes in locomotor activity as a function of virus infusion were observed on the open field test between the experimental groups. Conclusion This investigation demonstrates that virus-mediated increases of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 signaling, within the hippocampus, plays a critical role in decreasing anxiogenic responses on the rat elevated plus maze. As such, our data provide construct validity, at least in part, to the molecular mechanisms that mediate anxiolytic-like behavior in rodent models for the study of anxiety.

scholarly journals Pharmacological activity of new imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid derivatives in dopaminergic transmission suppression ttests in mice and rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Ekaterina E. Yakovleva ◽  
Eugeny R. Bychkov ◽  
Maria M. Brusina ◽  
Levon B. Piotrovsky ◽  
Petr D. Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Dopaminergic Transmission ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Experimental Improvement

Objective: To study the antiparkinsonian activity of new 1,2-substituted imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acids in dopaminergic transmission suppression tests in mice and rats. Materials and methods: On a model of reserpine extrapyramidal disorders, the derivatives of imidazole-dicarboxylic acids (IEM2258, IEM2248, IEM2247) were injected into the lateral brain ventricles of the mice 30 minutes after injecting reserpine at the doses of 0.1–0.5 mmol. Locomotor activity was analyzed in the Open-field test 2 hours later. In the catalepsy model, the studied agents were injected, using a pre-implanted cannula, with a simultaneous intraperitoneal injection of haloperidol. The severity of catalepsy was assessed with the Morpurgo method. Amantadine was used as a comparator drug in all the tests. Results: It was shown that IEM2258 significantly increased the main indicators of locomotor activity in the Open-field test at all the studied doses. The value of the antiparkinsonian effect of IEM2258 at doses of 0.4–0.5 mmol significantly exceeded that of amantadine. The antiparkinsonian effect of IEM2247 was maximally expressed and was significantly different from those in the control and comparator group at doses of 0.2 and 0.3 mmol. For all the experimental groups, a significant decrease in the manifestations of catalepsy in comparison with control indexes was determined. Discussion: The results made it possible to suggest the involvement of imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acids derivatives in the process of experimental improvement of dopaminergic neuromodulation and efficiency in animals. Conclusion: The data showed a significant dose-dependent antiparkinsonian activity of new imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid derivatives, which makes it promising to develop these agents and to further search for effective and safe antiparkinsonian drugs in this pharmacological class. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Monoaminergic Involvement in Decreased Locomotor Activity of Mice Treated with α and β-amyrin from Protium heptaphyllum

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300
Author(s):  
Gislei F. Aragão ◽  
Manoel O. de Moraes Filho ◽  
Paulo N. Bandeira ◽  
Antônio P. Frota Junior ◽  
Yasmin Ingrid S. Oliveira de ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
The Central Nervous System

A triterpenic mixture of α and β-amyrin (AMY) extracted from Protium heptaphyllum has demonstrated several pharmacological effects, including activity in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AMY administration on locomotor activity of mice by the open field test using some monoaminergic agonists and antagonists and the cerebral cortex levels of monoamines and their major metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography. Mice were treated acutely with AMY at doses of 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg given intraperitoneally and with the pharmacological agents and placed in open field test, then the animals were sacrificed and the cerebral cortex extracted, and monoamines were assayed in tissue homogenates. AMY at 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg decreased locomotor activity of animals by 25, 31 and 39%, respectively in the open field test. Ondasentron, doxazosin, oxymetazoline and clonidine did not reverse the inhibitory effect of 5 mg/kg AMY. Venlafaxine and yohimbine reversed the inhibitory effect of 5 mg AMY. In the cortex, the 5-HT and 5-HIAA were significantly reduced by the administration of AMY. NE and HVA were also reduced with 2.5 and 5 mg/kg AMY, while Dopamine and DOPAC were not increased with AMY. In conclusion, AMY decreased locomotor activity of animals accompanied by a decrease in 5-HT and NE levels in the cerebral cortex, this locomotor effect is reversed by drug that blocker the α-2-adrenoreceptor.

scholarly journals Broiler Response to Open Field Test in Early Ontogeny

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Balážová ◽  
Eva Baranyiová
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
Visual Orientation ◽  
Novel Environment ◽  
Post Hoc

The aim of this study was to observe the development of exploratory behaviour in growing broilers, i.e. their reaction to a novel environment (habituation) during the post-incubation period. Twelve males and twelve females of ROSS 308 line were kept from hatching until 42 days of age in separate pens, under identical husbandry conditions. To study their behaviour, we used the open-field test (OFT). Individual 10-min tests were initiated at the age of 3 days, and were repeated at weekly intervals, i.e. a total of 6 tests were carried out. The results were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures and Tukey post-hoc test. Broilers of both sexes were most active during the first OFT on day 3 after hatching. In male broilers, we found a significant decrease in all exploratory activities between the first and 2nd OFT; duration of their horizontal locomotor activity was reduced from 104 ± 51.86 s to 3.50 ± 3.50 s (p < 0.05), duration of visual orientation decreased from 327.50 ± 55.94 s to 125.00 ± 31.94 s (p < 0.001), and duration of vocalizations decreased from 412.50 ± 63.12 s to 90.00 ± 34.25 s (p < 0.001). In females, a significant decrease was observed betwen the first and 2nd OFT only in duration of horizontal locomotor activity that decreased from 234.25 ± 52.07 s to 14.25 ± 8.36 s (p < 0.001) and between the first and 3rd OFT in duration of vocalization (decreasing from 430.00 ± 66.30 s in 1st OFT to 60.00 ± 23.35 s; p < 0.001). On the other hand, a significant increase in duration of comfort behaviour was noted between the first and second OFT in both sexes (in males from 95.00 ± 40.76 s to 462.50 ± 38.81 s; p < 0.001; in females from 85.00 ± 31.73 s to 437.50 ± 67.74 s; p < 0.001). Changes in defecation numbers were not significant in either sex. Our findings show that the most profound changes in behaviour of broiler chickens occurred between the first and second OFT, that male broilers used visual orientation in the open field arena more than females in the first test, they vocalized less in the second test, and they seem to have habituated to the novel environment earlier than females.

scholarly journals Montanoa frutescensandMontanoa grandifloraExtracts Reduce Anxiety-Like Behavior during the Metestrus-Diestrus Phase of the Ovarian Cycle in Wistar Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Julio Vicente-Serna ◽  
Luis Alfredo Rodríguez-Blanco ◽  
María de Jesús Rovirosa-Hernández ◽  
Francisco García-Orduña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Ovarian Cycle ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Estrus Phase

In previous studies, the anxiolytic-like effects ofMontanoa tomentosaandMontanoa frutescenswere reported in male rats, but the potential anxiolytic-like effects ofMontanoaplants during the different phases of the ovarian cycle in rats remain to be explored. The anxiolytic-like effects of the aqueous crude extracts ofM. frutescens(25 and 50 mg/kg) andM. grandiflora(25 and 50 mg/kg) in the elevated plus maze were investigated in Wistar rats during the estrous cycle and compared with 2 mg/kg diazepam as a reference anxiolytic drug. To investigate any motor effect (i.e., hyperactivity, no changes, or hypoactivity) associated with the treatments, the rats were evaluated in the open field test. TheM. frutescens(25 and 50 mg/kg) andM. grandiflora(50 mg/kg) extracts exerted anxiolytic-like effects during the metestrus-diestrus phase, similar to diazepam, without disrupting spontaneous motor activity. No significant effects of the extracts were detected in either behavioral test during the proestrus-estrus phase, whereas diazepam produced motor hypoactivity in the open field test. These results indicate that theM. frutescensandM. grandifloraextracts possess anxiolytic-like effects that depend on the ovarian cycle phase, supporting the Mexican ancient medicinal use of these plants to ameliorate anxiety disorders.

Behavioral and neurochemical effects of alpha lipoic acid associated with omega-3 in tardive dyskinesia induced by chronic haloperidol in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 837-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayane Pessoa de Araújo ◽  
Thaisa Gracielle Martins Camboim ◽  
Ana Patrícia Magalhães Silva ◽  
Caio da Fonseca Silva ◽  
Rebeca Canuto de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Orofacial Dyskinesia ◽  
Chronic Use

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is characterized by involuntary movements of the lower portion of the face being related to typical antipsychotic therapy. TD is associated with the oxidative imbalance in the basal ganglia. Lipoic acid (LA) and omega-3 (ω-3) are antioxidants acting as enzyme cofactors, regenerating antioxidant enzymes. This study aimed to investigate behavioral and neurochemical effects of supplementation with LA (100 mg/kg) and ω-3 (1 g/kg) in the treatment of TD induced by chronic use of haloperidol (HAL) (1 mg/kg) in rats. Wistar male rats were used, weighing between 180–200 g. The animals were treated chronically (31 days) with LA alone or associated with HAL or ω-3. Motor behavior was assessed by open-field test, the catalepsy test, and evaluation of orofacial dyskinesia. Oxidative stress was accessed by determination of lipid peroxidation and concentration of nitrite. LA and ω-3 alone or associated caused an improvement in motor performance by increasing locomotor activity in the open-field test and decreased the permanence time on the bar in the catalepsy test and decreased the orofacial dyskinesia. LA and ω-3 showed antioxidant effects, decreasing lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels. Thus, the use of LA associated with ω-3 reduced the extrapyramidal effects produced by chronic use of HAL.

scholarly journals Effect of Short Time Exposure of Local ELF-MFs on Sleepiness Induced in Male Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Elnaz Azizi ◽  
◽  
Fatemeh Ayoobi ◽  
Ali Shamsizadeh ◽  
Amir Moghadam-Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Time Exposure ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Time

Introduction: Lack of high-quality sleep causes serious side effects like anxiety and changes in plasma concentration of oxalate. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of local extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on inducing sleep (sleepiness) and anxiety in male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male rats were allocated in four groups (n=10). The ELF-MFs exposure (0, 10 and 18 Hz) was applied with intensity 200µT for three days (10 min/day). Sham-treated animal did not receive ELF-MF. Serum level of oxalic acid (OA) and sleepiness were measured both before first and after last exposure to ELF-MF or sham. Anxiety, sleepiness and OA were measured by using elevated plus maze, open-field test (OFT) and ELISA test, respectively. Results: Comparison of oxalate levels between before and after exposure to ELF-MF revealed that ELF-MF (10 Hz) decreased the serum level of oxalate (p<0.05). Comparison of the percent of open:closed arm entry (in elevated plus maze) between before and after exposure to ELF-MF revealed significant differences. Also, frequency, velocity and distance moved were decreased in the open-field test. Conclusion: Results of the present study demonstrated that ELF-MF with short time exposure may modulate the metabolism of OA and may modulate anxiety-like behavior or kind of induction of sleepiness in male rats.

scholarly journals Sedative-like effect of intraperitoneal GABA administration in the open field test

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Augusto Pascual Italo Gargiulo ◽  
Santiago Marquez Herrero ◽  
Esteban Romanowicz ◽  
Manuel Alejandro Guevara ◽  
Adriana Ines Landa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Sedative Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
Gamma Amino Butyric Acid ◽  
Amino Butyric Acid ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The One

Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) is the main inhibitor neurotransmitter of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Its peripheral administration has been matter of discussion. On the one hand, it has been reported that it does not cross the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), and, on the other hand, it has been associated with multiple therapeutic regimens and supplements by peripheral administration. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the possibility of a central sedative effect when administered peripherally. An experimental cohort of 90-day-old Holtzman male rats weighing 240-270 g was used. It was divided into 2 groups: saline-controls (n = 9) and GABA treated rats (12.5 mg/kg, n = 9). Both groups were intraperitoneally injected. The motor behavioral patterns displayed in the Opto Varimex (OVM) were studied. Vertical, horizontal, ambulatory and non-ambulatory movements and the number of movements were recorded in an automated way. Horizontal movements constitute the integration of ambulatory and non-ambulatory movements. Student t test was used comparing groups. In this experiment, there were non-significant downward trends in vertical, ambulatory, non-ambulatory and number of movements. Ambulatory and non-ambulatory tendencies acquired significance when treated together as horizontal movements (p < 0.05). We may conclude that peripheral administration of GABA produced a decrease of the horizontal movements in the open field test. It may be interpreted as a sedative effect, suggesting a passage of GABA through BBB, with central effects. However, there are several alternative possibilities to explain present findings. Other experiments will elucidate the implications or scope of the present findings.

scholarly journals Analgesic Effects and Impairment in Locomotor Activity Induced by Cannabinoid/Opioid Combinations in Rat Models of Chronic Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alsalem ◽  
Ahmad Altarifi ◽  
Mansour Haddad ◽  
Belal Azab ◽  
Heba Kalbouneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects

Both opioids and cannabinoids have well-known antinociceptive effects in different animal models of chronic pain. However, unwanted side effects limit their use. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of combining synthetic cannabinoids with subtherapeutic doses of opioids, and to evaluate the effects of these drugs/combinations on rat’s locomotor activity. Intra-plantar injection of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) into the left hindpaw and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) were used to induce inflammatory and diabetic neuropathic pain in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively. Von Frey filaments were used to assess the antinociceptive effects of opioids (morphine and tramadol) and the synthetic cannabinoids (HU210 and WIN55212) or their combinations on CFA and STZ-induced mechanical allodynia. Open field test was used to evaluate the effect of these drugs or their combinations on locomotion. HU210 and WIN55212 did not produce significant antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain while only the maximal dose of HU210 (1 mg/kg) was effective in neuropathic pain. Only the maximal doses of morphine (3.2 mg/kg) and tramadol (10 mg/kg) had significant anti-allodynic effects in both models. Tramadol (1 mg/kg) enhanced the antinociceptive effects of WIN55212 but not HU210 in neuropathic pain with no effect on inflammatory pain. However, in open field test, the aforementioned combination did not change tramadol-induced depression of locomotion. Tramadol and WIN55212 combination produces antinociceptive effects in neuropathic but not inflammatory pain at low doses with no additional risk of locomotor impairment, which may be useful in clinical practice.

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