scholarly journals Crosstalk between Apoptosis and Autophagy: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies in Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. JCD.S11034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelouahid El-Khattouti ◽  
Denis Selimovic ◽  
Youssef Haikel ◽  
Mohamed Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Both apoptosis and autophagy are highly conserved processes that besides their role in the maintenance of the organismal and cellular homeostasis serve as a main target of tumor therapeutics. Although their important roles in the modulation of tumor therapeutic strategies have been widely reported, the molecular actions of both apoptosis and autophagy are counteracted by cancer protective mechanisms. While apoptosis is a tightly regulated process that is implicated in the removal of damaged or unwanted cells, autophagy is a cellular catabolic pathway that is involved in lysosomal degradation and recycling of proteins and organelles, and thereby is considered an important survival/protective mechanism for cancer cells in response to metabolic stress or chemotherapy. Although the relationship between autophagy and cell death is very complicated and has not been characterized in detail, the molecular mechanisms that control this relationship are considered to be a relevant target for the development of a therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis, autophagy, and those of the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in order to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms that may be essential for the balance between cell survival and death as well as their role as targets for the development of novel therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Aortic stenosis and diabetes mellitus: An ominous combination

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Banovic ◽  
Lavanya Athithan ◽  
Gerry P McCann
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Severe Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Aortic stenosis and diabetes mellitus are both progressive diseases which, if left untreated, result in significant morbidity and mortality. There is evidence that the prevalence of diabetes is substantially increased in patients with aortic stenosis and those with diabetes have increased rates of progression from mild to severe aortic stenosis. There are good data supporting the hypothesis that aortic stenosis and diabetes mellitus are associated with diabetes mellitus being detrimental towards the quality of life and survival of patients. Thus, a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of both of these disease processes and the relationship between them aids in designing appropriate preventive and therapeutic approaches. This review aims to give a comprehensive and up-to-date insight into the influence of diabetes mellitus on patients with degenerative aortic stenosis, as well as the prognosis and therapeutic approach to these patients.

scholarly journals Skin and Gut Microbiome in Psoriasis: Gaining Insight Into the Pathophysiology of It and Finding Novel Therapeutic Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihui Chen ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Wu Zhu ◽  
Yehong Kuang ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

Psoriasis affects the health of myriad populations around the world. The pathogenesis is multifactorial, and the exact driving factor remains unclear. This condition arises from the interaction between hyperproliferative keratinocytes and infiltrating immune cells, with poor prognosis and high recurrence. Better clinical treatments remain to be explored. There is much evidence that alterations in the skin and intestinal microbiome play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and restoration of the microbiome is a promising preventive and therapeutic strategy for psoriasis. Herein, we have reviewed recent studies on the psoriasis-related microbiome in an attempt to confidently identify the “core” microbiome of psoriasis patients, understand the role of microbiome in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and explore new therapeutic strategies for psoriasis through microbial intervention.

Regulation of TRPV5 and TRPV6 by associated proteins

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (6) ◽  
pp. F1295-F1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan F. J. van de Graaf ◽  
Joost G. J. Hoenderop ◽  
René J. M. Bindels
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Trp Channel ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Blood Compartment ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Prime Target

The epithelial Ca2+ channels TRPV5 and TRPV6 are the most Ca2+-selective members of the TRP channel superfamily. These channels are the prime target for hormonal control of the active Ca2+ flux from the urine space or intestinal lumen to the blood compartment. Insight into their regulation is, therefore, pivotal in our understanding of the (patho)physiology of Ca2+ homeostasis. The recent elucidation of TRPV5/6-associated proteins has provided new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of these channels. In this review, we describe the various means of TRPV5/6 regulation, the role of channel-associated proteins herein, and the relationship between both processes.

scholarly journals Insight into Salivary Gland Aquaporins

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia D’Agostino ◽  
Osama A. Elkashty ◽  
Clara Chivasso ◽  
Jason Perret ◽  
Simon D. Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Osmotic Gradient ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Transmembrane Channel ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Insight Into

The main role of salivary glands (SG) is the production and secretion of saliva, in which aquaporins (AQPs) play a key role by ensuring water flow. The AQPs are transmembrane channel proteins permeable to water to allow water transport across cell membranes according to osmotic gradient. This review gives an insight into SG AQPs. Indeed, it gives a summary of the expression and localization of AQPs in adult human, rat and mouse SG, as well as of their physiological role in SG function. Furthermore, the review provides a comprehensive view of the involvement of AQPs in pathological conditions affecting SG, including Sjögren’s syndrome, diabetes, agedness, head and neck cancer radiotherapy and SG cancer. These conditions are characterized by salivary hypofunction resulting in xerostomia. A specific focus is given on current and future therapeutic strategies aiming at AQPs to treat xerostomia. A deeper understanding of the AQPs involvement in molecular mechanisms of saliva secretion and diseases offered new avenues for therapeutic approaches, including drugs, gene therapy and tissue engineering. As such, AQP5 represents a potential therapeutic target in different strategies for the treatment of xerostomia.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Dynamically Regulates the Hippocampal Proteome along the Dorso-Ventral Axis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3501
Author(s):  
Surina Frey ◽  
Rico Schieweck ◽  
Ignasi Forné ◽  
Axel Imhof ◽  
Tobias Straub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cytoskeleton Remodeling ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Voluntary Wheel

The hippocampus is central for higher cognition and emotions. In patients suffering from neuropsychiatric or neurodegenerative diseases, hippocampal signaling is altered causing cognitive defects. Thus, therapeutic approaches aim at improving cognition by targeting the hippocampus. Enhanced physical activity (EPA) improves cognition in rodents and humans. A systematic screen, however, for expression changes in the hippocampus along the dorso-ventral axis is missing, which is a prerequisite for understanding molecular mechanisms. Here, we exploited label free mass spectrometry to detect proteomic changes in the hippocampus of male mice upon voluntary wheel running. To identify regional differences, we examined dorsal and ventral CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus hippocampal subregions. We found metabolic enzymes and actin binding proteins, such as RhoA, being upregulated in the hippocampus upon EPA suggesting a coordination between metabolism and cytoskeleton remodeling; two pathways essential for synaptic plasticity. Strikingly, dorsal and ventral hippocampal subregions respond differentially to EPA. Together, our results provide new insight into proteomic adaptations driven by physical activity in mice. In addition, our results suggest that dorsal and ventral hippocampus, as well as hippocampal subregions themselves, contribute differently to this process. Our study therefore provides an important resource for studying hippocampal subregion diversity in response to EPA.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Strategies for Regulating Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuma Yamada ◽  
Yuta Takano ◽  
Satrialdi ◽  
Jiro Abe ◽  
Mitsue Hibino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Mitochondrial Targeting ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
The Relationship

There have been many reports on the relationship between mitochondrial oxidative stress and various types of diseases. This review covers mitochondrial targeting photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy as a therapeutic strategy for inducing mitochondrial oxidative stress. We also discuss other mitochondrial targeting phototherapeutic methods. In addition, we discuss anti-oxidant therapy by a mitochondrial drug delivery system (DDS) as a therapeutic strategy for suppressing oxidative stress. We also describe cell therapy for reducing oxidative stress in mitochondria. Finally, we discuss the possibilities and problems associated with clinical applications of mitochondrial DDS to regulate mitochondrial oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: An insight into molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Selimovic ◽  
Abdelouahid El-Khattouti ◽  
Hanan Ghozlan ◽  
Youssef Haikel ◽  
Ola Abdelkader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Patent Insight into the Development of Therapeutic Strategies against Coronaviruses

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Hai-Long Zhang ◽  
Ai-Feng Zhou ◽  
Yiqian Li
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Peptide Drugs ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Development And Evolution

Coronaviruses are a group of RNA viruses, which cause diseases in humans. The emergence of COVID-19, has caused a global pandemic. It is focused on developing an effective therapeutic strategy against COVID-19. To better understand the development and evolution of therapeutic strategies against coronaviruses, we conducted US granted patents analysis. The results showed vaccines played a leading role in therapies against coronaviruses. Both attenuated vaccines and recombinant genetic vaccines were very important approaches in vaccine development against coronaviruses. It is not a rapid approach to develop peptide drugs against COVID-19 or future novel coronaviruses. The study was the first one to show the development and evolution in therapeutic strategies against coronaviruses based on patent insight. The present study provides a new insight into the development of therapeutic strategies against coronaviruses.

Therapeutic Approaches to Employ Monoclonal Antibody for Cancer Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-88
Author(s):  
Salonee Martins ◽  
Purva Salvi ◽  
Sai Tejaswi Lavuri ◽  
Manjita Srivastava ◽  
Shalini Sakthivel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Tissue System ◽  
Diverse Origin ◽  
The Relationship

With the evolution of the tissue system and division of function among differentiated cells/tissues, the property of controlled cell growth also evolved in animals. It is when this very control is lost that cancers develop. The immune system's ability to distinguish between self and non-self is central to impeding cancer progression. However, cancer cells in time can develop multiple ways of escaping immune control. Even today, cancer remains a disease of baffling complexity on account of its diverse origin and pathogenesis. Classical methods like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have failed to make the cut as idyllic therapy, especially considering the encumbering side-effects and high failure rate. Alternative therapeutic strategies that exploit the immune system itself have proved promising. One of these is monoclonal antibody therapy. In this chapter, the relationship between the immune system and cancer and various forms of immunotherapy are discussed in detail.

Targeted Therapeutic Strategies for Fetal Hemoglobin Induction

Hematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay G. Sankaran
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Histone Deacetylase 1 ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Hbf Induction ◽  
Adult Hemoglobin ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Increased levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) can ameliorate the severity of the β-hemoglobin disorders, sickle cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia, which are major sources of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As a result, there has been a longstanding interest in developing therapeutic approaches for inducing HbF. For more than 3 decades, the majority of HbF inducers developed were based on empiric observations and have had limited success. Recently, human genetic approaches have provided insight into previously unappreciated regulators of the fetal-to-adult hemoglobin switch and HbF silencing, revealing molecular targets to induce HbF. This article reviews these developments and discusses how molecules including BCL11A, KLF1, MYB, SOX6, miRNAs 15a and 16-1, and histone deacetylase 1 and 2 (HDAC1/2) could be important targets for HbF induction in humans. The current understanding of how these molecules function and the benefits and drawbacks of each of these potential therapeutic targets are also examined. The identification of these regulators of HbF expression is extremely promising and suggests that rationally designed approaches targeting the very mechanisms mediating this switching process could lead to better, less toxic, and more effective strategies for HbF induction.

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