scholarly journals Nest Architectural Patterns by Three Wasp Species (Vespa velutina, Polistes flavus and Sceliphron formosum) with Reference to Their Behavior

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S10737
Author(s):  
Farzana Perveen ◽  
Muzafar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Vespa Velutina ◽  
Defensive Behaviors ◽  
Architectural Patterns

In the present study, the nest architectural patterns, elemental analysis and their behavior were carried out in three wasp species: Vespa velutina (Lepeletier), Polistes flavus (Cresson) and Sceliphron formosum (Smith) from the different localities of the Mansehra, Pakistan. The V. velutina nest was completely closed except for one opening for entry or exit with 1–10 layers of hexagonal cells inside the nest. The nests of P. flavus were found among bunches of leaves of trees with 1–5 layers and hexagonal cells same as in V. velutina. Nests of the S. formosum were pitcher-shaped, found in muddy places, and consisted of 1–10 cells. Social behavior of wasps showed strong foraging, defensive behaviors, pseudo-attack, subsequent erratic flight, wing buzzing, mandibular pecking, abdominal pumping and abdominal twisting with highly developed parental care. It was concluded that the behaviors of these 3 wasp species was highly developed as compared with other insects.

The role of hormones

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Frederik Nijhout ◽  
Emily Laub
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Plastic Trait

Many behaviors of insects are stimulated, modified, or modulated by hormones. The principal hormones involved are the same as the ones that control moulting, metamorphosis, and other aspects of development, principally ecdysone and juvenile hormone. In addition, a small handful of neurosecretory hormones are involved in the control of specific behaviors. Because behavior is a plastic trait, this chapter begins by outlining the biology and hormonal control of phenotypic plasticity in insects, and how the hormonal control of behavior fits in with other aspects of the control of phenotypic plasticity. The rest of the chapter is organized around the diversity of behaviors that are known to be controlled by or affected by hormones. These include eclosion and moulting behavior, the synthesis and release of pheromones, migration, parental care, dominance, reproductive behavior, and social behavior.

scholarly journals Socialization Problems in Orphans and Children Without Parental Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
I.A. Merkul ◽  
V.O. Volchanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Foster Families ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Education And Employment

The process of social adaptation in graduates of orphan organizations occurs simultaneously with their socialization: as adolescents become involved in various life situations, they acquire new repertoires of social behavior or employ the ones they already have. Special attention should be paid to the specifics of development in adolescents brought up in socially deprived conditions since they tend to demonstrate asocial motivation, communicative deficits and try to avoid performing social roles. The article focuses on the problematic issues of socialization of orphans and children without parental care. To explore life situations typical for the period of independent living of graduates of orphan organizations, we used a special methodological tool: cases of life scenarios. We carried out the analysis of 452 cases of life scenarios in graduates aged 18—23 years, 262 male and 190 female. The analysis revealed the following problems of socialization and social adaptation of orphans and graduates of organizations for orphans and foster families: insufficient level of knowledge in matters of education, vocational education and employment, low goal-setting skills. We highlight the facts that are prototypical in the description of a life scenario, and these events are at the same time typical for graduates of various forms of foster care and orphan organizations.

scholarly journals Recognition of familiar objects in tortoise hatchlings (Testudo spp.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Damini ◽  
Gionata Stancher ◽  
Elisabetta Versace
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Familiar Object ◽  
Novelty Effect ◽  
Object A ◽  
Solitary Species ◽  
Familiar Objects

ABSTRACTTortoises do not show parental care and live solitary except for the context of reproduction. Despite their limited need to interact with conspecifics, we previously observed that young tortoises, at their first experiences with conspecifics, can discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar conspecifics after just one encounter with another tortoise. Tortoise hatchlings ignored familiar conspecifics, while they first explored and then actively avoided unfamiliar conspecifics. It remains to be established whether the different reactions to unfamiliar and familiar individuals in tortoise hatchlings are reactions to novelty, or whether they are specific to the interactions with living animals. To test this, we familiarized one-month-old tortoise hatchlings with an object (a brown cone vs. a blue sphere) and then tested them in a novel arena once with the familiar object and once with an unfamiliar one. To measure the reactions toward familiar and unfamiliar objects, we measured the distance between the tortoise and the object throughout the test. Differently from what happened with unfamiliar and familiar conspecifics, we found no difference in behavior toward familiar and unfamiliar objects. This shows that the different reactions toward familiar and unfamiliar conspecifics previously observed are specific for social interactions and are not a mere reaction to the novelty effect. The behavioral responses displayed by young tortoises for unfamiliar conspecifics, but not for unfamiliar objects, show the relevance of social behavior from the beginning of life, even for solitary species.

scholarly journals Nutritional Value of the Larvae of the Alien Invasive Wasp Vespa velutina nigrithorax and Amino Acid Composition of the Larval Saliva

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeyoon Jeong ◽  
Ja Min Kim ◽  
Beomsu Kim ◽  
Ju-Ock Nam ◽  
Dongyup Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Social Wasps ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Vespa Velutina ◽  
History Of

The systematic investigations on the value of social wasps as a food resource are deficient, in spite of the long history of the utilization of social wasps as food and pharmaceutical bioresources. Vespa velutina nigrithorax is an invasive alien wasp species that is currently dominating in East Asia and Europe, bringing huge economic damages. As a control over alien species is made when the valuable utilization of the invasive species as a potential resource are discovered, investigations on the potential of V. v. nigrithorax as a useful bioresource are also in demand. Nutritional and heavy metal analyses of the larvae revealed their balanced and rich nutritional value and safety as a food resource. The larval saliva amino acid composition was investigated for further study on amino acid supplementation and exercise enhancement.

scholarly journals Introduced Vespa velutina does not replace native Vespa crabro and Vespula species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Carisio ◽  
Jacopo Cerri ◽  
Simone Lioy ◽  
Ettore Bianchi ◽  
Sandro Bertolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Vespa Velutina ◽  
Vespa Crabro ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Vespula Germanica

Alien species invasion could lead to the replacement of native species with similar ecological requirements. Vespa velutina is an invasive hornet recently established in Europe, that is raising concern due to the associated economic and ecological impacts toward managed and wild pollinators besides to the potential competition and replacement of native wasp species. This led to the inclusion of V. velutina in the European list of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern. Nevertheless, V. velutina impacts on the native wasp community is poorly understood. We analysed the influence of V. velutina abundance on the European hornet Vespa crabro in a four-year invaded area in Italy. Moreover, we assessed the impacts of its presence on V. crabro, Vespula vulgaris and Vespula germanica, by comparing the invaded area with an uninvaded one. A Bayesian Generalized Linear Model, implemented to control some relevant environmental confounders, indicate that the relationship between Vespa species was positive at low abundances, while for high values of V. velutina the two species did not covary anymore. The distribution of V. crabro, V. vulgaris and V. germanica showed a considerable overlap between the invaded and uninvaded areas. Overall, the results bring to the conclusion that native Vespidae have probably avoided or minimised a competition pressure, and therefore the presence of V. velutina has not led to an evident replacement of V. crabro and Vespula species. This provides reassurance regarding the conservation status of native European Vespidae following V. velutina invasion.

Social behavior of a marmoset (Saguinus fuscicollis) group I: Parental care and infant development

Primates ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry L. Vogt ◽  
Harold Carlson ◽  
Emil Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Saguinus Fuscicollis ◽  
Group I

Temporal patterns, benefits, and defensive behaviors associated with male parental care in the glassfrog Centrolene savagei

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Ospina-L ◽  
Paula Navarro-Salcedo ◽  
Julián A. Rios-Soto ◽  
Sebastián Duarte-Marín ◽  
Fernando Vargas-Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Defensive Behaviors

scholarly journals Virtual Screening of Mimosa pudica Secondary Metabolites as Hyaluronidase B Potential Inhibitor to Prevent Vespa velutina Venom Spreading

JSMARTech ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asyraf Rijalullah ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Alif Imam Pramudya ◽  
Dalilatul Maisuroh ◽  
Dhiyaa Syahlaa Bianca Febrinnisa Zain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Docking Study ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Binding Modes ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Vespa Velutina ◽  
Discovery Studio

Vespa velutina, also known as the Yellow-legged hornet, is a wasp species native to Asia with a large distribution area in Indonesia. Hyaluronidase B in a wasp venom acts as a "spreading factor", which is the key at the beginning of envenomation. Shameplant (Mimosa pudica), a common plant in Indonesia, has shown the potential to be a hyaluronidase B inhibitor. This study aimed to analyze the potential of secondary metabolites in Shameplant as an inhibitor of V. velutina Hyaluronidase B base on their molecular interactions and as a topical drug base on physicochemical characteristics. In silico computational studies is performed to predict the binding modes of M. pudica compounds and hyaluronidase B enzyme. The secondary metabolites were retrieved from the PubChem database and screened using SwissADME. The seven metabolite compounds were docked with Hyaluronidase B and hyaluronan by HEX Cuda 8.0.0 program. Hyaluronidase B was also docked with its native ligand (hyaluronan) to validate the docking study. Three dimensional and 2D views were then evaluated using Discovery Studio 2016. Results of this study are all compounds do not have the same molecular interaction with the control. It defines no inhibition of the interaction on the active side. Mimopudine is the most potent inhibitor of hyaluronidase B based on its binding energy. While, jasmonic acid is the only compound that meets the physicochemical parameter of the topical drug.

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