Topical Testosterone Gel for the Treatment of Male Hypogonadism

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. CMT.S7348
Author(s):  
Dioma U. Udeoji ◽  
Anita Phan ◽  
Peter Katsiyiannis ◽  
Robert Willix ◽  
Ernst R. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Option ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Testosterone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Male Hypogonadism ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Alternative Treatment Option ◽  
Testosterone Gel

Objective This review describes the current knowledge of biological external testosterone (T) application using dermal products for the treatment of late-onset male hypogonadism (LOH). Methods An English language search of medical literature using Pubmed was conducted between January of 1984 and March of 2012 using the search term ‘testosterone gel’. Special emphasis was given to clinical controlled trials and large case studies. Results We describe the current knowledge on testosterone replacement therapy using gel applications. A reference search revealed 1567 publications; 44 were clinical studies in human patients with male hypogonadism, 80 were reviews, 27 were case reports, and 9 were retrospective studies. Data from the literature and from 20 clinical studies involving human patients were analyzed since they met the inclusion criteria of testosterone gel administration in hypogonadal males. For the purpose of this review, a total number of 2,378 human patients were studied. Overall, biological T administration resulted in improvement of sexual dysfunction and symptoms of metabolic syndrome and represented an effective and safe treatment option for hypogonadal men. Conclusions Administration of biological T gel appears to represent a valid alternative treatment option for male hypogonadism with a favorite efficacy and safety profile.

Sexual health

2019 ◽  
pp. 581-620
Author(s):  
John Reynard ◽  
Simon F Brewster ◽  
Suzanne Biers ◽  
Naomi Laura Neal
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Penile Prosthesis ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Testosterone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Male Hypogonadism ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Type ◽  
Intracavernosal Injections ◽  
Late Onset Hypogonadism

This andrology chapter covers the physiology of erection and ejaculation and expands on the evaluation and treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), including the use of drugs (phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors or PDE-5I), intracavernosal injections, and insertion of penile prosthesis. The evaluation and treatment of Peyronie’s disease with Nesbitt or Lue procedure are explained. Ejaculatory dysfunction is covered, including the topics of retrograde, premature, delayed and absent ejaculation, and anorgasmia. The topical subjects of late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) and general male hypogonadism are examined in detail, with a clear description of testosterone replacement therapy. Gonococcal and non-gonococcal urethritis evaluation is laid out with current treatment guidelines.

scholarly journals Use of mineral trioxide aggregate in the treatment of traumatized teeth in children: Two case reports

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 781-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana Cetenovic ◽  
Dejan Markovic ◽  
Bojan Petrovic ◽  
Tamara Peric ◽  
Vukoman Jokanovic
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Option ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Alternative Treatment Option ◽  
Dental Injuries

Introduction. Dental injuries in immature permanent teeth often result in endodontic complications. Apexification technique using calcium hydroxide is associated with certain flaws, such as long treatment time, the possibility of tooth fracture and incomplete calcification. The use of an apical plug employing mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is an alternative treatment option. Case report. We reported the successful treatment of 4 maxillary incisors (in a 7-year-old boy and a 10-year-old girl) with open apices and periapical lesions. Apical portions of the canals were filled with MTA plugs in both cases. Coronal parts of the root canals were filled with gutta-percha and sealer. Clinical findings were clear 6 months after the definite obturation with no pathological changes on the radiographs in both cases. Conclusion. The use of MTA for apical plugging appears to be a valid treatment option in traumatized immature teeth with endodontic complications.

Molecular Genetics of Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Sahab Uddin ◽  
Sharifa Hasana ◽  
Md. Farhad Hossain ◽  
Md. Siddiqul Islam ◽  
Tapan Behl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Massively Parallel Sequencing ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Ε4 Allele

: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly and this complex disorder is associated with environmental as well as genetic components. Early-onset AD (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD, more common) are major identified types of AD. The genetics of EOAD is extensively understood with three genes variants such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 leading to disease. On the other hand, some common alleles including APOE are effectively associated with LOAD identified but the genetics of LOAD is not clear to date. It has been accounted that about 5% to 10% of EOAD patients can be explained through mutations in the three familiar genes of EOAD. The APOE ε4 allele augmented the severity of EOAD risk in carriers, and APOE ε4 allele was considered as a hallmark of EOAD. A great number of EOAD patients, who are not genetically explained, indicate that it is not possible to identify disease- triggering genes yet. Although several genes have been identified through using the technology of next-generation sequencing in EOAD families including SORL1, TYROBP, and NOTCH3. A number of TYROBP variants were identified through exome sequencing in EOAD patients and these TYROBP variants may increase the pathogenesis of EOAD. The existence of ε4 allele is responsible for increasing the severity of EOAD. However, several ε4 allele carriers live into their 90s that propose the presence of other LOAD genetic as well as environmental risk factors that are not identified yet. It is urgent to find out missing genetics of EOAD and LOAD etiology to discover new potential genetics facets which will assist to understand the pathological mechanism of AD. These investigations should contribute to developing a new therapeutic candidate for alleviating, reversing and preventing AD. This article based on current knowledge represents the overview of the susceptible genes of EOAD, and LOAD. Next, we represent the probable molecular mechanism which might elucidate the genetic etiology of AD and highlight the role of massively parallel sequencing technologies for novel gene discoveries.

Alzheimer’s Disease and Retinal Degeneration: A Glimpse at Essential Trace Metals in Ocular Fluids and Tissues

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1073-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Micera ◽  
Luca Bruno ◽  
Andrea Cacciamani ◽  
Mauro Rongioletti ◽  
Rosanna Squitti
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Retinal Disease ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Aged People

Background: Life expectancy is increasing all over the world, although neurodegenerative disorders might drastically affect the individual activity of aged people. Of those, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is one of the most social-cost age-linked diseases of industrialized countries. To date, retinal diseases seem to be more common in the developing world and characterize principally aged people. Agerelated Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a late-onset, neurodegenerative retinal disease that shares several clinical and pathological features with AD, including stress stimuli such as oxidative stress, inflammation and amyloid formations. Method: In both diseases, the detrimental intra/extra-cellular deposits have many similarities. Aging, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity, arteriosclerosis and smoking are risk factors to develop both diseases. Cellular aging routes have similar organelle and signaling patterns in retina and brain. The possibility to find out new research strategies represent a step forward to disclose potential treatment for both of them. Essential trace metals play critical roles in both physiological and pathological condition of retina, optic nerve and brain, by influencing metabolic processes chiefly upon complex multifactorial pathogenesis. Conclusion: Hence, this review addresses current knowledge about some up-to-date investigated essential trace metals associated with AD and AMD. Changes in the levels of systemic and ocular fluid essential metals might reflect the early stages of AMD, possibly disclosing neurodegeneration pathways shared with AD, which might open to potential early detection.

scholarly journals Epilepsy in Down Syndrome: A Highly Prevalent Comorbidity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2776
Author(s):  
Miren Altuna ◽  
Sandra Giménez ◽  
Juan Fortea
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Myoclonic Epilepsy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased risk for epilepsy during the whole lifespan, but especially after age 40 years. The increase in the number of individuals with DS living into late middle age due to improved health care is resulting in an increase in epilepsy prevalence in this population. However, these epileptic seizures are probably underdiagnosed and inadequately treated. This late onset epilepsy is linked to the development of symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is the main comorbidity in adults with DS with a cumulative incidence of more than 90% of adults by the seventh decade. More than 50% of patients with DS and AD dementia will most likely develop epilepsy, which in this context has a specific clinical presentation in the form of generalized myoclonic epilepsy. This epilepsy, named late onset myoclonic epilepsy (LOMEDS) affects the quality of life, might be associated with worse cognitive and functional outcomes in patients with AD dementia and has an impact on mortality. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of epileptic seizures in the DS population, with a special emphasis on LOMEDS. Raised awareness and a better understanding of epilepsy in DS from families, caregivers and clinicians could enable earlier diagnoses and better treatments for individuals with DS.

scholarly journals Herb–Drug Interactions: Worlds Intersect with the Patient at the Center

Medicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Mary Beth Babos ◽  
Michelle Heinan ◽  
Linda Redmond ◽  
Fareeha Moiz ◽  
Joao Victor Souza-Peres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Drug Information ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Full Information ◽  
Information Need ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Reduce Risk

This review examines three bodies of literature related to herb–drug interactions: case reports, clinical studies, evaluations found in six drug interaction checking resources. The aim of the study is to examine the congruity of resources and to assess the degree to which case reports signal for further study. A qualitative review of case reports seeks to determine needs and perspectives of case report authors. Methods: Systematic search of Medline identified clinical studies and case reports of interacting herb–drug combinations. Interacting herb–drug pairs were searched in six drug interaction resources. Case reports were analyzed qualitatively for completeness and to identify underlying themes. Results: Ninety-nine case-report documents detailed 107 cases. Sixty-five clinical studies evaluated 93 mechanisms of interaction relevant to herbs reported in case studies, involving 30 different herbal products; 52.7% of these investigations offered evidence supporting reported reactions. Cohen’s kappa found no agreement between any interaction checker and case report corpus. Case reports often lacked full information. Need for further information, attitudes about herbs and herb use, and strategies to reduce risk from interaction were three primary themes in the case report corpus. Conclusions: Reliable herb–drug information is needed, including open and respectful discussion with patients.

Abstract WP190: Clinical Features of Sarcoid Patients With Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Z Obeidat ◽  
Heidi Sucharew ◽  
Charles J Moomaw ◽  
Dawn O Kleindorfer ◽  
Brett M Kissela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Sporadic Case ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Stroke Subtype ◽  
Stroke Event ◽  
History Of

Background: Current knowledge on ischemic stroke in sarcoid patients stems from sporadic case reports. The mechanism is thought to be related to granulomatous involvement of brain vasculature. However, clinical, demographic, and radiographic features of sarcoid patients with ischemic stroke are lacking. If sarcoid patients are at higher risk for ischemic stroke event, we hypothesized that the risk factors for ischemic stroke and stroke subtype distribution would differ between sarcoid and non-sarcoid ischemic stroke patients. Methods: Cases of ischemic stroke were identified for the years 2005 and 2010 from the population-based Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study (population 1.3 million). Ischemic stroke cases were physician study confirmed and patients with a history of sarcoid were identified through medical chart review. Clinical variables were compared between stroke patients with history of sarcoid and those with no prior sarcoid history. Results: A total of 4258 cases of ischemic stroke were identified; of them, only 18 had prior diagnosis of sarcoid (0.04%). Brain MRI showed diffusion restriction in 14 out of 15 (93%) MRIs performed in sarcoid patients. The table presents risk factor and subtype data on sarcoid patients compared with non-sarcoid patients. Conclusions: We identified only a few cases of prior sarcoid history in our two-year ascertainment of ischemic stroke patients in our population. In comparison with stroke patients with no prior history of sarcoid, the sarcoid patients tended to be of younger age at presentation, female, have a history of diabetes and hyperlipidemia, and more likely of African descent, perhaps related to the diagnosis of sarcoid itself. We were unable to detect differences in stroke subtype distributions between sarcoid and non-sarcoid ischemic stroke patients.

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