scholarly journals Malfunction in GABA and Glutamate as Pathways to Depression: A Review of the Evidence

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. CMT.S3481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher F Sharpley
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Neurotransmitter Systems ◽  
Antidepressant Medications ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Few Data

With nearly one fifth of the population experiencing depression sometime during their lives, plus the recent finding that depression rivals smoking in its association with mortality, the search for effective pharmacological treatments for depression remains urgent. However, despite this heavy disease burden upon society, the various waves of antidepressants developed in the last 40 years have shown significant side effects and little specific efficacy over placebo. One potential treatment may be via re-establishment of glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems that have been shown to malfunction in depressed patients. The literature describing possible causal links between GABA and/or glutamate malfunction and depression is reviewed, plus those studies which provide experimental data to confirm this hypothesis. While there is plausible support for the links between malfunction of these neurotransmitters and depression, few data exist yet regarding development of effective antidepressant medications based upon these findings.

Attitudes about Antidepressants: Influence of Information about Weight-Related Side Effects

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Cash ◽  
Melissa A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
College Women ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Antidepressant Medications ◽  
Body Image Ideals ◽  
Clinical Populations

Antidepressant drugs are frequently prescribed for women and have various side effects, including potential effects on body weight. This experiment examined the effects of information about the weight-related side effects of antidepressants on women's attitudes toward the drugs. 60 college women were randomly assigned to read about one of two drugs, fluoxetine (Prozac) or Imipramine (Tofranil). Participants were either told or not told about veridical weight-related side effects, namely, weight loss for Prozac and weight gain for Tofranil. As hypothesized, weight-gain information lowered the personal acceptability of Tofranil, and weight-loss information enhanced the acceptability of Prozac. Although research with clinical populations is required, undergraduate women's decisions about the use of antidepressant medications may be influenced by societal body-image ideals.

scholarly journals Healthcare personnel knowledge, motivations, concerns and intentions regarding COVID-19 vaccines: a cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Jain ◽  
Sarah B. Doernberg ◽  
Marisa Holubar ◽  
Beatrice Huang ◽  
Carina Marquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Few Data ◽  
The University

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare personnel (HCP) are prioritized for earliest SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration, yet relatively few data exist on HCP’s knowledge, motivations, concerns, and intentions regarding COVID-19 vaccines.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey Nov.16-Dec.8, 2020 among HCP enrolled in a cohort study at three Northern California medical centers serving diverse roles including COVID-19 patient care. Eligible HCP were adult (age≥18) on-site employees of the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, and Stanford Healthcare. A one-time electronically-administered survey was sent to cohort HCP on November 16, 2020 and responses analyzed.ResultsOverall, among 2,448 HCP invited, 2,135 completed the COVID-19 vaccine survey (87.2% response rate). HCPs had mean age 41 years, were 73% female, and had diverse jobs including COVID-19 patient contact. Enthusiasm for vaccination was overall strong, and more HCP (1,453, 69%) said they would definitely/likely receive vaccine if formally FDA-approved versus if approved via emergency use authorization only (785, 35%). While 541 (25%) respondents wanted to be among the earliest to receive vaccine, more desired vaccination after the first round (777, 36%) or >2 months after vaccinations began (389, 18%). Top factors increasing motivation for vaccination included perceiving risk from COVID-19 to self (1,382, 65%) or to family/friends (1355, 63%). Top concerns were vaccine side effects, cited by 596 (28%), and concerns about political involvement in FDA’s approval process (249, 12%).ConclusionsHCP were enthusiastic about COVID-19 vaccination for individual protection and protecting others, but harbored concerns about vaccine side effects. Our data may inform emerging vaccine education campaigns.Key PointsAmong 2,135 healthcare personnel surveyed, we found enthusiasm for COVID-19 vaccination both for individual benefit and protecting others. However, healthcare personnel rated their knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines as only moderate and harbored concerns about vaccine side effects. Education raising awareness of vaccine efficacy and side effects may help maximize vaccine uptake.

Do Depressed Patients With Diabetes Experience More Side Effects When Treated With Citalopram Than Their Counterparts Without Diabetes?

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 186-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Bryan ◽  
Thomas Songer ◽  
Maria Mori Brooks ◽  
Michael E. Thase ◽  
Bradley Gaynes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Adverse metabolic consequences of HIV protease inhibitor therapy: the search for a central mechanism

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (4) ◽  
pp. E549-E553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Hruz ◽  
Haruhiko Murata ◽  
Mike Mueckler
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Hiv Protease ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Hiv Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Protease Inhibitor Therapy ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Although the clinical introduction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors (PIs) has resulted in a dramatic decline in HIV-related morbidity and mortality, it is now recognized that PI therapy is associated with serious adverse metabolic effects, including peripheral lipoatrophy, increased visceral fat, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. Despite increasing awareness of this metabolic syndrome, the etiology of these side effects remains obscure. This review critically examines current mechanistic hypotheses in the context of the available experimental data. To date, a single unifying explanation for this syndrome has not been confirmed. As data accumulate, it is becoming clear that PIs lack precision in their cellular targets and it is likely that many of the side effects of these drugs are due to inhibition of a number of unrelated molecules.

scholarly journals Noradrenergic Function and Depression, Too Much or Too Little?

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Maas ◽  
Y. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Noradrenergic Function

SUMMARY:Antithetical hypotheses as to CNS noradrenergic function in depressed patients can be constructed from results of pharmacological studies of the effects of antidepressant drugs. The experimental data supporting each of these opposing propositions is briefly reviewed in this paper. Finally, the results of clinical studies of noradrenergic function in depressed patients are noted and discussed in terms of these disparate hypotheses.

Dibenzepin and Amitriptyline in the Treatment of Depression

1971 ◽  
Vol 118 (546) ◽  
pp. 523-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Ekdawi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Comparative Trial ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressant ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Significant Difference

Dibenzepin hydrochloride is a new tricyclic antidepressant drug with pharmacological properties midway between those of imipramine and amitriptyline. In a double-blind comparative trial, J. M. Fielding (Med. J. Australia, 1969, 1, 614) found no significant difference in the speed of the effect of the two drugs in depressed patients. He reported that side-effects rated subjectively by patients were maximal before starting on the drugs and tended to decrease with time. The following trial was accordingly staged.

Depression and internet addiction: Correlation and treatment approaches

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2195-2195 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stojakovic
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Use Of Internet

IntroductionWith increasing use of Internet in everyday life there is the risk of developing Internet dependency that can be correlated with depression. Is the internet an antidepressant or Internet addiction often causes mood-altering side effects?ObjectivesThe focus is to examine correlation between depression and Internet addiction, as well as potential treatment approaches.AimsThe aim of the study was to evaluate treatment approaches and the correlation between depression and Internet addiction(IA) by use of Telepsychiatric service.MethodsA total of 100 Bosnian clients were studied. Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Zung Depression Inventory (ZDI) was used, by Telepsychiatric service, to assess state measures of symptom severity. First, they were evaluated for their severity of Internet addiction with consideration of their behavioral characteristics and their primary purpose for computer use by IAT. Second, we investigated Depression by Telepsychiatry service with BDI and ZDI scale. Third, we investigated correlations between depression and Internet addiction.ResultsThe symptoms of IA had been founded at 59% and 41% of patients had no IA. Symptoms of depression had been found at 45% patients. Internet addiction was significantly associated with depressive symptoms; IA and depression had been found at 41% patients (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThis study reveals a significant association between Internet addiction and depressive symptoms.

Efficiency and toxicity of mifamurtid in childhood osteosarcoma.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e22010-e22010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurdan Tacyildiz ◽  
Sonay incesoy Ozdemir ◽  
Emel Cabi Unal ◽  
Handan Dincaslan ◽  
Gulsan Yavuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Complete Surgical Resection ◽  
Severe Back Pain ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Disease Location

e22010 Background: There are only few data concerning efficiency and toxicity of mifamurtide in children with osteosarcoma (OS). The aim of this study was to evaluate efficiency and side effects of mifamurtide in childhood OS. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 18 patients with OS and who received mifamurtide between January 2012 and December 2016. Four hundred seventy seven doses of 2 mg/m2intravenous mifamurtide, along with paracetamol premedication were given in 15 patients with primary non-metastatic OS after complete surgical resection and 3 patients with progressive OS. Results: There were 11 males and 7 females, and the median age was 14 years (ranged, 9-18). The median follow-up time was 20 months (ranged, 7-51). The metaphyseal plates around the knee was the most frequent disease location with 94.4%. The median necrosis percentage was 94 (range, 35-100). All patients received Euromos protocol. The most common side effects were chills and fever (17/18). These reactions were observed in 4 patients during every administration, in only one patient at last administration and in the remaining 12 patients during first or first two administration. Headache, myalgia and arthralgia were observed in 2 patients during every infusion. In another one case, headache was observed during only first two infusions and he also hearing loss was developed (could be related CisPlatin) Back pain was observed in two patient during first infusion but one them suffered with severe back pain after few doses and stoped Mifamurtid. . Grade 3-4 neutropenia, trombocytopenia, abnormal liver enzymes and abnormal BUN and creatinin levels were not observed in patients who received mifamurtide alone after completion of chemotherapy. Of the 15 patients with primary non-metastatic OS treated with the addition of mifamurtide to chemotherapy, 13 showed complet remission for median 24 months (ranged,16-36) and 2 patients are still under treatment with complet remission. Of the 3 patients with progressive disease, 2 died and 1 had progressive disease for 51 months. Conclusions: Mifamurtide therapy is safe and well tolerated in childhood OS. Chills and fever were the major side effects, These events were transient and often no longer observed in subsequent administrations.

Anti-psychotics: To withdraw or not to withdraw?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S752-S752
Author(s):  
C. Ferreira ◽  
S. Alves ◽  
C. Oliveira ◽  
M.J. Avelino
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Online Searching ◽  
Cardiac Side Effects ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Few Data

IntroductionAnti-psychotics constitute a class of psychotropic drugs used for the treatment and prophylaxis of several disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and psychotic depression. Frequently, clinicians are asked by their patients to withdraw this medication. In some cases, that may be related to notable side effects. However, it may actually indicate an inadequate control of the psychiatric disorder with poor insight.AimsThe goal of this work is to systematically review the scientific literature in order to understand if there are consistent data that support anti-psychotics withdraw in specific clinical situations.MethodsThe literature was reviewed by online searching using PubMed®. The authors selected scientific papers with the words “anti-psychotics” and “withdraw” in the title and/or abstract, published in English.Results and discussionAnti-psychotics improve prognosis and enhance patients’ quality of life. There are few data in the literature regarding recommendations that support anti-psychotic withdraw in psychiatric patients. Very specific conditions must exist for withdrawing anti-psychotics, like neuroleptic malignant syndrome, cardiac side effects, and change of diagnosis or prolonged remission after a first and single psychotic event. When that decision is made, it should be done slowly and carefully and both the patient and his family should be involved.ConclusionsThere is no evidence in the literature that supports withdraw of anti-psychotics for the majority of psychiatric situations. When specific conditions are present that possibility must then be considered, however, with careful consideration and after discussion with the patient and parties involved in patient's care.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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