scholarly journals Clinical Options for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. CMPed.S8100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shammi Ramlakhan ◽  
Virendra Singh ◽  
Joanne Stone ◽  
Alicia Ramtahal
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Culture Positive

Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) are a common cause of childhood febrile illness with 7% of girls and 2% of boys having a symptomatic culture positive UTI by the age of six years. Although there are conflicting views on the long term sequelae of UTI, as well as the place of prophylaxis, the universal aims of treatment of childhood UTI remain those of symptom alleviation, prevention of systemic infection and short and longer term complications. There is good evidence of historical and emerging resistance patterns, therefore rationalisation of prescription patterns by knowledge of sensitivities coupled with re-examination of empirical antibiotic choices is clearly important. Local formularies should reflect geographical resistance patterns along with best evidence on the duration and choice of antibiotic in order to maximize therapeutic effect, while minimizing the development of resistant strains.

scholarly journals Does cranberry have a role in catheter-associated urinary tract infections?

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. E421-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Thomas ◽  
Matthew Rutman ◽  
Kimberly Cooper ◽  
Andrew Abrams ◽  
Julia Finkelstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Urine Specimen ◽  
Indwelling Catheters ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Catheter Urine ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) are a prevalent and costly condition, with very few therapeutic options. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of an oral cranberry supplement on CA-UTIs over a six-month period. Methods: Subjects with long-term indwelling catheters and recurrent symptomatic CA-UTIs were enrolled to take a once-daily oral cranberry supplement with 36 mg of the active ingredient proanthocyanidin (PACs). Primary outcome was reducing the number of symptomatic CA-UTIs. This was defined by ≥103 (cfu)/mL of ≥1 bacterial species in a single catheter urine specimen and signs and symptoms compatible with CA-UTI. Secondary outcomes included bacterial counts and resistance patterns to antibiotics.Results: Thirty-four patients were enrolled in the trial; 22 patients (mean age 77.22 years, 77.27% were men) completed the study. Cranberry was effective in reducing the number of symptomatic CA-UTIs in all patients (n=22). Resistance to antibiotics was reduced by 28%. Furthermore, colony counts were reduced by 58.65%. No subjects had adverse events while taking cranberry.Conclusions: The cranberry supplement reduced the number of symptomatic CA-UTIs, antibiotic resistances, and major causative organisms in this cohort. Larger, placebo-controlled studies are needed to further define the role of cranberry in CA-UTIs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance of Uropathogenes Involved in Urinary Tract Infections in ICU Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (62) (2) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Mihaela Elena Idomir ◽  
Carmen-Sarah Costinaș
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

The aim of the retrospective study was the analysis of antibiotic resistance patterns of bacteria involved in urinary tract infections in patients hospitalized during 2019 in the Intensive Care Unit of the Clinical County Emergency Hospital Brasov. The main bacteria involved were Escherichia coli (38,68%), Klebsiella species (23,69%) and Enterococcus species (15,68%). Various degrees of resistance to the tested antibiotics were observed. ESBL strains were detected at Escherichia coli (20,72.%) and Klebsiella species (10,29%). Carbapenem resistant strains were detected at Klebsiella spp. (48,48%), P. aeruginosa (56,25%) and Acinetobacter spp. (85,71%). MRSA, VRE and HLAR strains were also detected in the studied group.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Impact of Biofilms on Bloodstream and Urinary Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Henrique Pinto ◽  
Manuel Simões ◽  
Anabela Borges
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Treatment Interventions ◽  
Statistical Confidence ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Tract Infections

This study sought to assess the prevalence and impact of biofilms on two commonly biofilm-related infections, bloodstream and urinary tract infections (BSI and UTI). Separated systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies were carried out in PubMed and Web of Sciences databases from January 2005 to May 2020, following PRISMA protocols. Studies were selected according to specific and defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. The obtained outcomes were grouped into biofilm production (BFP) prevalence, BFP in resistant vs. susceptible strains, persistent vs. non-persistent BSI, survivor vs. non-survivor patients with BSI, and catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) vs. non-CAUTI. Single-arm and two-arm analyses were conducted for data analysis. In vitro BFP in BSI was highly related to resistant strains (odds ratio-OR: 2.68; 95% confidence intervals-CI: 1.60–4.47; p < 0.01), especially for methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. BFP was also highly linked to BSI persistence (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.28–5.48; p < 0.01) and even to mortality (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.53–2.74; p < 0.01). Candida spp. was the microorganism group where the highest associations were observed. Biofilms seem to impact Candida BSI independently from clinical differences, including treatment interventions. Regarding UTI, multi-drug resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing strains of Escherichia coli, were linked to a great BFP prevalence (OR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.30–6.54; p < 0.01 and OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.33–5.86; p < 0.01). More in vitro BFP was shown in CAUTI compared to non-CAUTI, but with less statistical confidence (OR: 2.61; 95% CI: 0.67–10.17; p < 0.17). This study highlights that biofilms must be recognized as a BSI and UTI resistance factor as well as a BSI virulence factor.

scholarly journals Clinical, Epidemiological and Bacteriological Profile of Culture Positive Urinary Tract Infections in Febrile Children – A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 522-526
Author(s):  
Bhavani Shankar Rokkam ◽  
Chowdary Babu Menni ◽  
Ramu Pedada ◽  
Deepak Kumar Alikana
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Culture Positive

BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTI) constitute a common cause of morbidity in infants and children. When associated with abnormalities of urinary tract, they may lead to long-term complications including renal scarring, loss of function and hypertension. Most urinary tract infections remain undiagnosed if investigations are not routinely performed to detect them. Prompt detection and treatment of urinary tract infections and any complicating factors are important. The objective of the study is to know the clinical, epidemiological and bacteriological profile (i.e. clinical signs and symptoms, age, sex, family history, associated urinary tract abnormalities, & causative organisms) of urinary tract infections in febrile children with culture positive urinary tract infection. METHODS This descriptive, cross sectional observational study was conducted at outpatient clinics of our “child health clinics” between May 2016 and April 2017 (one year). All children aged 0 to 12 years with culture positive urinary tract infections were included in this study to evaluate the clinical, epidemiological and bacteriological profile. RESULTS A total of 69 children with culture positive urinary tract infections were included in this study. Out of 69 children included in this study, 36 (52.2 %) were females and 33 (47.8 %) were males. Overall female preponderance was seen and the M: F ratio was 0.9:1. But during first year of life in our study group we had more boys (10, 14.49 %) affected with urinary tract infection than girls. 49.3 % of urinary tract infections in the present study belonged to lower socio-economic status. Most common organism causing urinary tract infection in our group was E. coli (56.5 %). Fever (100 %), anorexia or refusal of feeds (52.2 %), dysuria (46.4 %), vomiting (46.4 %) and abdominal pain (39.1 %) were the predominant clinical manifestations observed in our study. CONCLUSIONS Urinary tract infection is a common medical problem in children and it should be considered as a potential cause of fever in children. As febrile children with urinary tract infection usually present with non-specific signs and symptoms, urine culture should be considered as a part of diagnostic evaluation. KEYWORDS Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), Febrile Children, Bacteriological Profile, Urine Culture

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